Anti-icing Properties Research Articles

Anti-icing and de-icing properties of composite superhydrophobic coating with microwave heating performance on asphalt pavement

Severe icing on asphalt pavements significantly impacts traffic safety and efficiency. Superhydrophobic coatings exhibit excellent hydrophobic and anti-icing properties, making them suitable for asphalt pavements. However, the formation of dense and hard ice limits their anti-icing effectiveness in cold regions. Within this paper, we have developed a novel composite superhydrophobic coating (CSC) with microwave heating performance by constructing a hierarchical structure using carbon nanotubes and incorporating micron-sized iron powder as a primary microwave-absorbing material. Scanning electron microscopy, 3D confocal microscopy, and contact angle tests reveal that the optimally mixed CSC possesses a complex micro-nano hierarchical structure, superhydrophobic properties (contact angle of 155.4°), and excellent anti-icing properties. Microwave heating results show that the CSC achieves a maximum heating rate of 1.108 ℃/s and an energy utilization efficiency of 47 %, representing improvements of 118.1 % and 18.3 % compared to uncoated specimens. Durability tests indicate that after wear, the CSC's contact angle decreases by 6.2 %, and the microwave heating rate drops by 13.7 %. Despite these reductions, the coating still maintains high hydrophobicity and microwave heating performance. While the friction coefficient of CSC-coated pavement decreases to μ=0.63, it still meets regulatory requirements. Overall, the application of CSC can effectively increase de-icing efficiency and mitigate the adverse effects of ice and snow on pavements.

Multifunctional superhydrophobic composite film with icing monitoring and anti-icing/deicing performance

Icing can cause damage to outdoor equipment such as airplanes, wind turbine blades and power lines, which poses potential safety hazards. Recently, electrothermal superhydrophobic composite film with the synergistic effect of anti-icing and deicing properties can effectively hinder the formation and accumulation of ice. However, these superhydrophobic composite films have no icing condition monitoring property, which is critical to improve deicing efficiency and reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we have designed a multifunctional superhydrophobic composite film using the combination of laser ablation and spraying method, which exhibits excellent comprehensive anti-icing, deicing and icing monitoring properties. The experimental results demonstrated the icing delay time of the film reached 4.0 min at −20 °C. Meanwhile, taking advantage of the outstanding electrothermal effects of the laser induced graphene/carbon nanotubes (LIG/CNTs) composite conductive network, with DC voltage (5 V) excitation, the film temperature rapidly rose from −20 °C to 107 °C in 90 s, thereby effectively removing the ice. More importantly, due to the temperature sensing performance of the LIG/CNTs composite conductive network, it could monitor whole icing and deicing process of droplet with different volumes and temperatures in real time through the change of film resistance. Therefore, the comprehensive anti-icing, deicing and ice monitoring properties allowed it to effectively reduce icing hazards.

Surface Super-Hydrophobicity of Aluminum Alloy and its Corrosion and Anti-Icing Properties

Aluminum alloy was subjected to anodization and then treated with a mixture of dodecanoic acid and aluminum sulfate, which produced an aluminum alloy that was extremely hydrophobic. Using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface structure and composition of the aluminum alloy samples were examined. The results showed that the dodecanoic acid and aluminum sulfate mixture-treated aluminum alloy surface underwent etching while also absorbing aluminum dodecanoate, resulting in a micro–nano conical nonuniform structure. With a static contact angle (CA) of 156[Formula: see text], the superhydrophobic aluminum alloy has exceptional anti-icing and self-cleaning qualities. When compared to anodized aluminum alloys, the superhydrophobic aluminum alloy exhibits improved corrosion resistance in a 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution.

A review on recent progress and techniques used for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings derived from biobased materials.

Superhydrophobic coatings with remarkable water repellence have emerged as an increasingly prominent field of research with the growth of the material engineering and coating industries. Superhydrophobic coatings address the requirements of several application areas with characteristics including corrosion resistance, drag reduction, anti-icing, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning properties. Furthermore, the range of applications for superhydrophobic coatings has been substantially broadened by the inclusion of key performance features such as flame retardancy, thermal insulation, resistance to water penetration, UV resistance, transparency, anti-reflection, and many more. Numerous research endeavours have been focused on biomimetic superhydrophobic materials because of their distinct surface wettability. To develop superhydrophobic coatings with a long lifespan, scientists have refined the processes of material preparation and selection. To accomplish water repellency, superhydrophobic coatings are usually fabricated using harmful fluorinated chemicals or synthetic polymers. Utilising materials derived from biomass offers a sustainable alternative that uses renewable resources in order to eliminate the consumption of these hazardous substances. This paper provides an insight of several researches reported on the construction of superhydrophobic coatings using biomass materials such as lignin, cellulose, chitosan and starch along with the techniques used for the constructing superhydrophobic coatings. This study is a useful resource that offers guidance on the selection of various biobased polymers for superhydrophobic coatings tailored to specific applications. The further part of the paper put a light on different application of superhydrophobic coatings employed in various disciplines and the future perspectives of the superhydrophobic coatings.

Fabrication of a water repellent comb-like WPU with excellent and sustainable anti-icing performance

Surface functional materials have aroused extensive attention due to tremendous application foreground in the anti-icing technology. However, durability and longevity are still critical problems that restrict their practical applications. In this work, a sustainable water-repellent surface was facilely constructed through comb-like WPU of crystalline octadecyl pendant groups. Because of octadecyl crystals tilting on the surface, the comb-like WPU exhibit dynamic water-repellent properties, which are mainly related to laying-down phase of crystals. Meanwhile, the surface wetting behavior is reversible switching between the sliding state and the pinning state due to phase transition, and the surface self-replenishing occurs in this process. Besides, on the basis of excellent adhesion to several substrates, these comb-like WPU make the crystallization temperature of water decreased by 9 °C approximately, and the ice adhesion strength (τice) before and after 150 abrasion cycles maintain only 3 kPa at −20 °C, exhibiting remarkable and regenerable anti-icing and deicing properties. Importantly, the transformation from laying-down phase to standing-up phase of crystals generates the successive deicing effect of interfacial slippage and micro-cracks, resulting in low τice below 20 kPa after continuous 100 icing/deicing cycles. These findings provide a facile way to design a promising surface material for enhancing endurance of anti-icing coatings.

Preparation of Pressure-Resistant and Mechanically Durable Superhydrophobic Coatings via Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation for Anti-Icing.

Inspired by the lotus leaf effect, superhydrophobic coatings have significant potential in various fields, However, their poor pressure resistance, weak mechanical durability, and complex preparation processes severely limit practical applications. Here, a method for preparing pressure-resistant and durable superhydrophobic coatings by simply spray-coating a phase separation suspension containing fluorinated silica nanoparticles and polyolefin adhesive onto substrates is introduced, which forms superhydrophobic coatings with a porous and hierarchical micro-/nanostructure. The resulting superhydrophobic coatings exhibit outstanding pressure resistance, maintaining a Cassie-Baxte state after 18 days of submersion in 1 m of water. Furthermore, the coatings demonstrate remarkable mechanical durability, withstanding 200 cycles of Taber abrasion, 100 cycles of tape-peeling, and 750g of sand abrasion. The coatings also show excellent chemical stability, enduring long-term immersion in corrosive liquids and 120 d of outdoor exposure. Additionally, the coatings display excellent anti-icing properties and can be applied to various substrate surfaces. This approach improves on the limitations of conventional superhydrophobic coatings and accelerates the application of superhydrophobic coatings in real-world environments.

Eco-friendly fabrication of robust superhydrophobic coating with excellent anti-corrosion and anti-icing properties through using submillimeter particles as protective structure

Constructing superhydrophobic surfaces is a promising method for enhancing the anti-corrosion and anti-icing properties of metal materials. However, it is still a challenge to obtain robust superhydrophobic surfaces on metal substrate through simple and environmentally friendly methods. In this study, a robust superhydrophobic coating was fabricated on an aluminum substrate using a simple two-step method, i.e., sprinkling B4C submillimeter particles onto the aluminum substrate coated with epoxy resin (EP) to construct submillitmeter protective structure, and then dipping a mixture of EP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles to impart superhydrophobicity. The mechanical robustness of the coating was evaluated using sandpaper abrasion, 3 M tape peeling, and sand impact tests. The results displayed that the coating maintained its superhydrophobicity after 16 m of sandpaper abrasion (3.2 kPa), 60 cycles of 3 M tape peeling, and 2500 g of sand impact, indicating the good resistance of the coating to different mechanical damages. The anti-corrosion property of the coating was measured by the electrochemistry tests, and the results confirmed that the coating possessed excellent anti-corrosion property with 34.06 times lower corrosion current density than the bare aluminum. The anti-icing property of the coating was assessed by freezing delayed time and de-icing force tests, and the results demonstrated that coating had outstanding anti-icing property with 730 s longer freezing delay time and 3–4-folds lower de-icing force than the bare aluminum. It can be excepted that the coating has a promising prospect in practical application due to its simple fabrication, good anti-corrosion and anti-icing properties and remarkable mechanical robustness.

Functional Silsesquioxanes-Tailoring Hydrophobicity and Anti-Ice Properties of Polylactide in 3D Printing Applications.

To explore the tailoring of hydrophobicity in 3D-printed polylactide (PLA) composites for advanced applications using additive manufacturing (AM), this study focuses on the use of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. PLA, a material derived from renewable sources, is favored for its eco-friendliness and user accessibility. Nonetheless, PLA's inherent hydrophilic properties result in moisture absorption, negatively affecting its performance. This research aims to modify PLA with organosilicon compounds to enhance its hydrophobic and anti-icing properties. Incorporating fluorinated siloxane derivatives led to significant increases in water contact angles by up to 39%, signifying successful hydrophobic modification. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the addition of organosilicon additives did not compromise the tensile strength of PLA and, in some instances, improved impact resistance, especially with the use of OSS-4OFP:2HEX:2TMOS, which resulted in an increase in the tensile strength value of 25% and increased impact strength by 20% compared to neat PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the modified PLA exhibited reduced cold crystallization temperatures without altering the glass transition or melting temperatures. These results suggest that organosilicon-modified PLA has the potential to expand the material's application in producing moisture and ice-resistant 3D-printed prototypes for various industrial uses, thereby facilitating the creation of more durable and versatile 3D-printed components.

All-day superhydrophobic photo-thermal and electro-thermal icephobic surfaces based on ZrN/MoSe2 composite

Ice formation on equipment and infrastructure surfaces can lead to severe damage and operational disruptions, necessitating advancements in passive anti-icing technologies to enhance de-icing efficiency. Superhydrophobic materials offer notable improvements, such as minimal water affinity and reduced ice adhesion. However, their practical application is hindered by limited durability and vulnerability to cold and humid conditions. This study presents the development of a micro-nanostructured ZrN/MoSe2 photo-electrothermal superhydrophobic composite coating, which exhibits physical and chemical self-cleaning capabilities both day and night. This innovative coating rapidly heats due to the combined effects of solar absorption and Joule heating. It reaches 89.4 °C in 600 s under simulated sunlight and 81 °C with a 15 V electrical input in 300 s. With a contact angle exceeding 155°, it demonstrates superior self-cleaning abilities. Moreover, the coating retains its exceptional anti-icing and de-icing properties even after exposure to mechanical stress, abrasion, and harsh chemical environments. It can rapidly melt ice from surfaces in just 66 s at −20 °C under one sun, achieving a 76 % efficiency in photo-thermal de-icing. Electro-thermal de-icing tests reveal that the coating can melt ice in 55 s with an 87 % efficiency. These promising features, attributed to the unique properties of ZrN nanoparticles and MoSe2 nanosheets, significantly provide substantial advancements in superhydrophobic coating technologies. They offer the potential for large-scale production and enhanced performance in ice management.

Anti-corrosion superhydrophobic micro-GF/micro-TiB2/nano-SiO2 based coating with braid strengthening structure fabricated by a single-step spray deposition

Superhydrophobic surfaces with self-cleaning, anti-biofouling and corrosion resistance merits are attractive for applications in major engineering fields. Generally, these surfaces possess low-surface-energy chemistry and micro- or nanoscale surface roughness. However, rough surfaces are fragile and highly susceptible to abrasion for high local pressures under mechanical load, causing loss of superhydrophobicity. In this study, we proposed a "fiber weaving/hard particles embedding-soft membrane" strategy to construct a kind of organic-inorganic composite coating by embedding micro-glass fiber (GF)/micro-TiB2/nano-SiO2 particles into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)@polyurethane (PU) for fabricating robust superhydrophobic coating. The addition of micro-nano ceramic particles plays two roles including "hard" micro-skeletons to overcome vulnerable issue of "soft" organic membrane and creation of wear-resistant bearing points on the surface. Furthermore, "soft" membrane can absorb stress when subjected to external mechanical force and PU serves as an adhesive to improve interfacial bond strength. Additionally, GF intersperses in the coating, providing anchoring effect and PDMS serves as a modifier to decrease surface energy. Consequently, the proposed hybrid coating could simultaneously augment its mechanical robustness and multifunctional performance, breaking the notorious "trade-off" restriction of superhydrophobic coating. The preparation parameters and operation condition on the performance of the coating were investigated systematacially. The optimized superhydrophobic coating exhibits the highest water contact angle (WCA) of 167.3° ± 3.9°, the lowest sliding angle (SA) of 4.6° ± 1.3°, corrosion protection efficiency of 95.7 % in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, with exceptional self-cleaning, anti-pollution, adaptability to various substrates, thermostable, anti-icing and mechanical stability properties, among the top-tier multifunctional performance. The inherent properties of micro-glass fiber, micro-TiB2 and nano-SiO2 ceramics and their highly ordered arrangement in the superhydrophobic coating are expected to provide an effective and versatile design proposal for potential applications in corrosion protection.

Amyloid Proteins Adhesive for Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces.

Biomimetic slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) have emerged as a promising solution to solve the limitations of superhydrophobic surfaces, such as inadequate durability in corrosion protection and a propensity for frosting. However, the challenge of ensuring strong, lasting adhesion on diverse materials to enhance the durability of the lubricant layer remains. The research addresses this by leveraging amyloid phase-transitioned lysozyme (PTL) as an adhesive interlayer, conferring stable attachment of SLIPS across a variety of substrates, including metals, inorganics, and polymers. The silica-textured interface robustly secures the lubricant with a notably low sliding angle of 1.15°. PTL-mediated adhesion fortifies the silicone oil attachment to the substrate, ensuring the retention of its repellent efficacy amidst mechanical stressors like ultrasonication, water scrubbing, and centrifugation. The integration of robust adhesion, cross-substrate compatibility, and durability under stress affords the PTL-modified SLIPS exceptional anti-fouling, anti-icing, and anti-corrosion properties, marking it as a leading solution for advanced protective applications.

Photofunctional gold nanocluster-based nanocomposite coating for enhancing anti-biofouling and anti-icing properties of flexible films

Elastomeric materials have garnered significant attention across biomedical and industrial fields. Multifunctionality and environmental stability are essential requirements for the application of these materials. Herein, we developed photofunctional gold nanocluster-based nanocomposites (SiO2-AuNC) and coated them on elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films through one-step way to enhance anti-biofouling and anti-icing properties. The SiO2-AuNC coating, created by immobilizing ultra-small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) onto hydrophobic silica nanoparticles surface using a gel-sol method, forms an island-like convex structure. The immobilization significantly enhanced radiative transitions and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species of AuNCs, which provided robust anti-biofouling property through photosensitization to the films. Meanwhile, the rigid SiO2-AuNC nanocomposite markedly enhances the wear resistance of the films. Additionally, the hierarchical micro- and nanostructure of SiO2-AuNC coating increases the hydrophobicity of the films, effectively preventing the aggregation of supercooled water droplets, thereby providing superior and durably anti-icing properties. This one-step coating provides a simple and effective strategy for multifunctional surface modification with nanoparticles, showing potential biomedical and industrial applications.

Functionalized super-hydrophobic nanocomposite surface integrating with anti-icing and drag reduction properties

Anti-icing and drag reduction are two significant issues for aircraft, but functional surfaces integrating both properties are rarely reported. Here, we propose a functional super-hydrophobic nanocomposite surface with sharkskin-like groove structures, which achieves the combination of anti-icing and drag reduction properties. The nanocomposite surface was prepared by stripping polydimethylsiloxane doped with carbon nanotubes from a laser-prepared sharkskin-like structure mold and then spraying a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic coating. The microstructures and nanoparticles with low surface energy provide the surface with hydrophobicity and icephobicity, enabling droplet transitions between Cassie and Wenzel states during icing-melting process. Carbon nanotubes enhance the Joule heating performance when voltage is applied. Ice at interface melts into water film, significantly reducing adhesion and enabling efficient anti-icing. Under the influence of the bionic sharkskin riblet structure, the vortices are lifted and pinned above the riblet tips, which reduces the near-wall velocity gradient and total wall shear stress, ultimately leading to lower drag. In addition, the flexible surface undergoes adaptive deformation to more effectively conform to the fluid flow during motion. The riblet protrusions increase the contact area between the flexible surface and the fluid, thereby enabling the absorption of more turbulent energy and fluctuations, further reduces drag. This study presents a new method for manufacturing functional surfaces for practical anti-icing and drag reduction applications.

Anti-icing transparent coatings modified with bi- and tri-functional octaspherosilicates for photovoltaic panels

In recent years, to progress towards carbon emissions reduction, photovoltaic technology has become one of the most significant methods of generating electricity using renewable sources. However, the accumulation of ice and snow during the winter season affects the decrease in the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules. As a promising solution, coatings that exhibit anti-icing properties can be used. To date, no efficient ice-phobic coating has been developed for use on photovoltaic panels. In this paper development of transparent silicone-epoxy coatings modified with bi- and tri-functionalized octaspherosilicates was presented. The used organosilicone-based modifiers reveal both types of functional groups: one increases the surface properties and the second compatibility with the polymer matrix. The icephobic properties were discussed by determining an ice adhesion (IA) and a freezing delay time of water droplets (FDT). The coating exhibiting the highest anti-icing performance achieved the IA of 102 kPa and the FDT of 210 min, a 43 % reduction and a 70 times increase in value compared to the unmodified coating, respectively. The performed study included also the characterization of hydrophobic properties: water contact angle (WCA) at room temperature and below 0°C, contact angle hysteresis(CAH), and roll-off angle (RoA) as well as surface roughness and coatings thickness. In addition, the correlations between them and ice adhesion/freezing delay time were determined. It was found that roughness as well as dynamic parameters of the wettability of CAH and RoA have a significant effect on the obtained IA values. Moreover, the developed coatings can be potentially applied to photovoltaic panels, since the conducted modification did not affect the optical properties of the investigated coatings.

Durable one-component polyurea icephobic coatings with energy-saving performance in electrical heating de-icing

Ice formation and accumulation on the surfaces of aircraft, wind turbines, and boat hulls might result in serious economic losses and catastrophic accidents. The development of a new generation of icephobic surfaces has emerged in recent years for anti-icing. However, insufficient durability of the existing icephobic surfaces remains a significant challenge to their applications. In this study, durable one-component polyurea icephobic coatings (OPICs) with a low ice adhesion strength (∼25.3 kPa) were prepared via a solvent-free method by combining the NCO-terminated prepolymer, latent curing agent, and silicone oil. The chemical structure, surface morphology, wettability, mechanical properties, icephobicity, and durability of the OPICs were studied. The optimized design of OPICs with synergistic icephobic mechanisms endowed them with excellent icephobicity and durability. The superior mechanical durability and chemical stability were revealed by the maintaining icephobicity of OPICs even after 3000 continuous Taber abrasion cycles, as well as 50 icing/de-icing cycles, 72 h of NaOH immersion, and 240 h of neutral salt spray test. The effect of OPICs on minimizing the electric power consumption was further investigated by icing wind tunnel. In comparison to the epoxy primer coated and Al alloy coated airfoil surface, airfoil surface coated by OPIC-30 was found to achieve about 43.7 % and 43.9 % energy savings in the keeping entire airfoil surface ice-free, respectively. The one-component polyurea icephobic coatings have great prospects for practical applications that require long-term anti-icing properties.

Robust anti-icing double-layer superamphiphobic composite coatings for heat exchangers

The formation and accumulation of ice on the heat exchangers of air conditioners significantly reduce the performance issues, as well as the stability and heating efficiency. Superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings passively achieve multifunctional anti-icing properties by minimizing water droplet contact and promoting Cassie ice formation. However, long-term performance in frigid environments remains challenge for these coatings due to limitations in anti-icing durability and mechanical properties. Herein, a double-layer polymer-SiC/F-SiO2 superamphiphobic composite coating is developed. The bottom layer comprises a polymer PAI and SiC composite, and the top layer consists of F-SiO2. The composite coating demonstrates superior performance in simultaneous frost prevention, low ice adhesion, easy frost removal, exceptional mechanical strength, and long-lasting anti-icing durability. Our developed double-layer coating exhibits low ice adhesion strength down to 9.2 kPa, remarkable mechanical resilience against scratching and flushing, and delayed frost properties. These superior anti-icing properties, manifested by both lower adhesion strength and improved frost repellency, lead to a doubling of frosting time and the easier removal of ice on coated heat exchangers compared to traditional units. The development of this novel superamphiphobic composite coating provides a practical approach to creating durable anti-icing materials, leading to significant improvements in air conditioner performance.

Recent advances in biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces: focusing on abrasion resistance, self-healing and anti-icing.

Superhydrophobic materials have been widely used in the fields of materials engineering and the coating industry due to their excellent abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-icing and antibacterial properties and have also attracted the attention of many researchers. However, in the process of application, their superhydrophobic surface is susceptible to external factors such as physical or chemical effects, resulting in the loss of low surface energy materials or the destruction of micro- and nano-rough structures, thus losing their superhydrophobic properties. This review describes the research progress in three aspects of superhydrophobic surfaces: abrasion resistance, self-healing, and anti-icing. Firstly, the definition and application of superhydrophobic surfaces, as well as the basic principle and mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces are introduced. Then, the research status and improvement methods of superhydrophobic surfaces are presented in detail from three aspects, such as abrasion resistance, self-healing, and anti-icing. Finally, the research process of superhydrophobic surfaces is evaluated and prospected in order to provide a new perspective for the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces with a wide range of applications and better performance.

Composite Superhydrophobic Coating with Transparency and Thermal Insulation for Glass Curtain Walls.

In this paper, the preparation of a transparent superhydrophobic composite coating with a thermal insulation function using antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles is proposed, which has advantages of being mass-producible and low-cost. In short, nanosilica and ATO are used as raw materials for constructing rough structures, and superhydrophobic coatings are obtained by mixing and adding binders after modification of each, which are then applied to the surface of various substrates by spraying to obtain a transparent superhydrophobic coating with a heat-insulating function. The specific role of each nanoparticle is discussed through comparative experiments that illustrate the mechanism by which the two particles construct rough structures. The coating achieves unique thermal insulation properties while possessing excellent superhydrophobicity (WCA of ∼163° and WSA of ∼3°) and high light transmission (∼70%). Heat-shielding experiments have demonstrated that the composite coating effectively reduces the room temperature by approximately 19% for the same irradiation time. The coating achieves a balanced improvement in visible transmittance, thermal insulation, and superhydrophobicity. In addition, the coating's self-cleaning properties, mechanical properties, chemical weathering resistance, high-temperature resistance, and anti-icing properties were verified through various experiments.

Anti-corrosion and anti-icing properties of superhydrophobic laser-textured aluminum surfaces

Superhydrophobic surfaces have favorable properties in simultaneously reducing the negative effects of corrosion and ice accumulation. In this study, laser-texturing was employed as a facile and environmentally friendly surface method to prepare a surface with hierarchical roughness for subsequent grafting by immersion in an ethanol solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS-10). Various analytical techniques were utilized to assess the characteristics of the laser-textured aluminum surfaces before and after grafting, such as a contact profilometer, optical tensiometer, scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive spectroscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. These methods were used to evaluate surface roughness, wettability, morphology, and composition. The corrosion properties were evaluated through potentiodynamic and impedance measurements in a dilute Harrison's solution (DHS) composed of 0.35 wt% (NH4)2SO4 + 0.05 wt% NaCl. Additionally, freezing delay tests at various surface temperatures were performed to assess the surface's ability to prevent the freezing of water droplets on the treated surface. The laser-textured aluminum surface, featuring micro/nanostructures and a grafted nanoscopic perfluoroalkyl silane film, exhibited outstanding superhydrophobicity and enhanced corrosion protection. The developed surface has been shown to significantly delay the onset of ice nucleation and extend the freezing delay.

Anti-icing performance and influencing factors of super-lubricated surface in simulated glaze icing

Abstract The icing of the overhead aluminum conductor has caused the conductor load to be too heavy or uneven, which results in huge accidents. The super-lubricated surface (SLIPS) shows great potential in anti-icing. Glaze ice is a common type of icing, and its damage to transmission lines is the most serious. However, the properties and influencing factors of anti-icing lubricated surfaces at glaze ice surroundings are rarely reported. In this study, the super-lubricated surface was prepared by the anodic oxidation method, and the anti-icing properties and influencing factors of surfaces were investigated in glaze ice surroundings. The results demonstrate that the SLIPS can decrease the icing amount, which is only 41% of the original aluminum surface. SLIPS exhibits excellent anti-icing performance in different environments temperatures and rainfalls. This study provides experimental guidance for the practice application of SLIPS in anti-icing aluminum conductors.