Anti-icing Applications Research Articles

Environmental Impact and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Superhydrophobic Coatings for Anti-Icing Applications

Superhydrophobic coatings have great potential to mitigate ice accumulation and ice adhesion issues due to their outstanding water-repellent and self-cleaning characteristics. In the present study, polyurethane elastomer (PUE) is considered a superhydrophobic coating material for anti-icing applications. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of bare aluminum and PUE-coated systems is performed using the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden methodology. The cradle-to-gate LCA scope is implemented to evaluate and compare the total environmental impact. This study revealed that the PUE-coated system exhibited a significant reduction in total environmental impact compared to bare aluminum. The levelized cost of coating analysis demonstrates that the PUE coating system is more economical than bare aluminum surfaces. There is scope to reduce the environmental impact associated with PUE-coated systems using bio-based and less toxic chemicals/solvents.

Functionalized super-hydrophobic nanocomposite surface integrating with anti-icing and drag reduction properties

Anti-icing and drag reduction are two significant issues for aircraft, but functional surfaces integrating both properties are rarely reported. Here, we propose a functional super-hydrophobic nanocomposite surface with sharkskin-like groove structures, which achieves the combination of anti-icing and drag reduction properties. The nanocomposite surface was prepared by stripping polydimethylsiloxane doped with carbon nanotubes from a laser-prepared sharkskin-like structure mold and then spraying a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic coating. The microstructures and nanoparticles with low surface energy provide the surface with hydrophobicity and icephobicity, enabling droplet transitions between Cassie and Wenzel states during icing-melting process. Carbon nanotubes enhance the Joule heating performance when voltage is applied. Ice at interface melts into water film, significantly reducing adhesion and enabling efficient anti-icing. Under the influence of the bionic sharkskin riblet structure, the vortices are lifted and pinned above the riblet tips, which reduces the near-wall velocity gradient and total wall shear stress, ultimately leading to lower drag. In addition, the flexible surface undergoes adaptive deformation to more effectively conform to the fluid flow during motion. The riblet protrusions increase the contact area between the flexible surface and the fluid, thereby enabling the absorption of more turbulent energy and fluctuations, further reduces drag. This study presents a new method for manufacturing functional surfaces for practical anti-icing and drag reduction applications.

TiN/acetylene black composite coatings: Enhanced durability and superhydrophobicity for all-day anti-Icing applications

Current advancements in anti-icing coatings emphasize the integration of photothermal, electrothermal, and superhydrophobic features to significantly enhance de-icing efficiency. However, these multifaceted coatings often involve intricate preparation methods and costly materials, making them susceptible to damage and reduced durability. This research aims to overcome these challenges by combining active and passive anti-icing principles to achieve full-time efficient anti-icing. A novel strategy is devised to modify the wettability of epoxy resins by grafting a fluorinated oligomer using a curing agent bridging technique. By utilizing micron-sized Titanium Nitride (TiN) and nanosized Acetylene Black fillers within a fluorine-modified epoxy resin, applied through a simple spray technique, the resulting coating exhibits excellent photothermal, electrothermal, and superhydrophobic properties. Evaluations confirm the coating’s robust mechanical durability for extended operational use and its stabilized effectiveness in photothermal and electrothermal de-icing. Notably, this approach maintains electrical conductivity by eliminating the filler hydrophobic modification, also enhancing the mechanical performance of nanocarbon-based multifunctional anti-icing coatings. Moreover, it simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces cost of coating materials, and enables broad application across various substrate surfaces.

Recent Developments in the Fabrication and Application of Superhydrophobic Suraces.

A superhydrophobic surface is defined as having a contact angle exceeding 150 °C, indicating a remarkable ability to repel water. Generally, superhydrophobicity originates from the utilization of low-surface-energy materials with unique micro- and nanostructures. Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained considerable recognition and are widely employed in diverse areas for anti-icing, oil-water separation, anticorrosion, self-cleaning, blood-repellent, and antibacterial applications. These surfaces can greatly enhance industrial processes by yielding significant performance improvements. In this review, we introduce the basic theories that provide a foundation for understanding the hydrophobic properties of superhydrophobic surfaces. We then discuss current techniques for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings, critically analyzing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we provide an overview of recent progress in the application of superhydrophobic materials. Finally, we summarize the challenges in developing superhydrophobic materials and future trends in this field. The insights provided by this review can help researchers understand the basic knowledge of superhydrophobic surfaces and obtain the latest progress and challenges in the application of superhydrophobic surfaces. It provides help for further research and practical application of superhydrophobic surfaces.

A facile preparation of durable superhydrophobic PFA coatings with superior anti-icing, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning performance

The potential of superhydrophobic coatings for various applications has been widely recognized. However, preparing durable superhydrophobic coatings on metal surfaces remains a significant challenge. Perfluoroalkoxy Alkane (PFA), a fluorine-rich material, has recently emerged as a promising candidate for constructing superhydrophobic coatings. In this study, a mechanically stable superhydrophobic PFA coating was prepared using a simple combination of electrodeposition and annealing. The prepared PFA coating displays excellent water repellency, as evidenced by a water contact angle of 171 ± 0.3° and a sliding angle of 1.0 ± 0.4° The water contact angle of the coating only decreases by 0.6°after undergoing 400 tape stripping tests, indicating the remarkable stability. The PFA coating significantly prolongs the freezing time of water droplets on a cool surface at temperatures of -6 °C, -8 °C, and -10 °C, with improvements of 19.4, 72.5, and 47.8 times respectively. The corrosion current density on the coated surface is reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to bare aluminum alloy, and the PFA coating exhibits a high inhibition corrosion efficiency of 99.995 %. Furthermore, the coating possesses exceptional self-cleaning performance by repelling dirt particles and maintaining a clean surface. Consequently, the developed superhydrophobic PFA coating holds significant promise for long-lasting anti-icing, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning applications.

Preparation of Robust Superhydrophobic Coatings Using Hydrophobic and Tough Micro/Nano Particles

Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings, prepared using adhesive and fillers, offer advantages including ease of fabrication and suitability for large-scale applications, but compared with other types of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces, poor durability still limits these surfaces from practical applications. The utilization of micro/nanoscale particles with both intrinsic hydrophobicity and robust mechanical properties to prepare coatings should significantly contribute to enhanced durability. Herein, rough and hydrophobic particles with micro/nano hierarchical structures were prepared at first, and robust superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated using the prepared particles and additional nanoparticles. The initially prepared particles formed a rough framework of the coating, while additional nanoparticles provided inevitable nanoscale structures. A series of mechanical tests were carried out to validate the durability, and the surface with 20 wt.% NPs exhibited the best performance, withstanding 30 tape peeling tests, a 2.47 m sandpaper rubbing test (at a pressure of 5 kPa), the impact of 200 g of grit dropped from a height of 20 cm, and a 2 h acidic immersion. These appealing materials may attract attention for self-cleaning, high-speed water impact resistance, anti-icing, and anti-fouling applications in the coatings industry.

One-Step Fabrication of Composite Hydrophobic Electrically Heated Graphene Surface

Ice accumulation poses considerable challenges in transportation, notably in the domain of general aviation. The present study combines the strengths and limitations of conventional aircraft deicing techniques with the emerging trend toward all-electric aircraft. This study aims to utilize laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology to create a multifunctional surface, seamlessly integrating hydrophobic properties with efficient electrical heating to mitigate surface icing effectively. We investigated the utilization of a 10.6 μm CO2 laser for direct writing on polyimide (PI), a widely used insulating encapsulation material. From the thermomechanical perspective, our initial analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics software (V5.6) revealed that when the laser power P exceeds 5 W, the PI substrate experiences ablative damage. The experimental results show that when P ≤ 5 W, an increase in power has a positive impact on the quality, surface porosity, roughness reduction, line-spacing reduction, and water contact-angle enhancement of the graphene. Conversely, when P > 5 W, higher power negatively affects both the substrate and the graphene structure by inducing excessive ablation. However, it influences the graphene line height positively and is consistent with overall experimental–simulation congruence. Furthermore, the incorporation of high-quality graphene resulted in a surface that exhibited higher contact angles (CA > 120°), lower energy consumption, and higher heating efficiency compared to the use of traditional electrically heated materials for anti-icing applications. The potential applications of this one-step fabrication method extend across various industries, particularly aviation, marine engineering, and other ice-prone domains. Moreover, the method has extensive prospects for addressing pivotal challenges associated with ice formation and serves as an innovative and efficient anti-icing technology.

Super photothermal/electrothermal response and anti-icing/deicing capability of superhydrophobic multi-walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy coating

Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades poses a significant threat to the efficiency and safety of wind turbines, necessitating urgent solutions through effective anti-icing/deicing strategies. In this study, superhydrophobic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy coating for anti-icing application was developed. The coatings exhibited super photothermal and electrothermal response by integrating the superhydrophobic capability of MWCNTs, which are ideal for all-weather anti-icing/deicing applications. The superhydrophobic coating in the ratio of MWCNTs/epoxy resin 1:4 exhibited a water CA of 154.3° and SA of 5.7°, respectively. The temperature of the superhydrophobic coating increased to 45.4 °C (300 s) and 89.5 °C (200 s) at 1.5 sun and 25 V, respectively. The coating exhibited a static delayed frost time of 1790 s and achieved photothermal fast defrosting (1.5 sun, 237 s) and electrothermal fast defrosting (25 V, 35 s), respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrated delayed icing times of 988 s, 579 s, and 264 s at − 10 °C, −15 °C, and − 20 °C, respectively. The coating showed efficient abilities of photothermal fast deicing (1.5 sun, 175 s) and electrothermal fast deicing (25 V, 65 s) as well. The superhydrophobic coating restored the Cassie-Baxter state after melting ice droplets into water droplets through photothermal and electrothermal stimulation. Moreover, the superhydrophobic coating demonstrated exceptional dynamic anti-icing performance even in a low-temperature and humid environments.

Inter-droplet frosting propagation mechanism on micropillar patterned surfaces under various supersaturation conditions

To address the burgeoning demand for anti-icing applications in various environments, an effective means of retarding inter-droplet frosting with a high degree of environmental adaptability is urgently required. In this study, frosting experiments were performed on Si micropillar arrays with varying pitches under controlled environmental conditions, especially at low temperatures and high supersaturation, which indicate more severe icing possibilities. The results showed that droplet behavior was highly dependent on the environment and surface geometry. The droplet numbers at the bottom sites increased with humidity, whereas those at the top sites decreased and the transition in droplet diameter proved to be opposite. Dimensionless quantity ƞb was proposed to describe droplet distribution under each working condition, and six frost propagation regimes were categorized into two groups: 0 <ƞb< 0.5 and 0.5 <ƞb< 1. For each condition, six pillar pitches resulted in two or three different regimes, and the lowest frost propagation velocity was observed at the turning point of the last regime (optimal ratio of the normalized pillar pitch to the pillar diameter [L/D]). With the reduction of supersaturation, the optimal L/D was 2 at 10 ℃/90 %RH and 50 %RH, optimal L/D was 3 at 10 ℃/20 %RH, and optimal L/D was 4 at − 5 ℃/90 %RH and 50 %RH. This significantly differed from the room-temperature conditions, as the optimal L/D was found to be larger than 4 in previous studies. These findings provide further understanding of the application of patterned surfaces in anti-icing in harsh and variable environments.

Efficient Anti-Icing of a Stable PFA Coating for Wind Power Turbine Blades.

Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly recognized as a promising approach to enhancing power generation efficiency and prolonging the operational lifespan of wind turbines. In this research, a durable superhydrophobic perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) coating was developed and specifically designed for spray application onto the surface of wind turbine blades. The PFA coating features a micronano hierarchical structure, exhibiting a high water contact angle of 167.0° and a low sliding angle of 1.7°. The optimal PFA coating exhibits stability and maintains a superhydrophobic performance during mechanical and chemical tests. The findings of this study establish a positive association between the surface energy of the coating and its effectiveness in anti-icing. The delayed icing time for the PFA-coated surface is 46.83 times longer than that of an uncoated surface, and the ice adhesion strength is only 1.875 kPa. Additionally, the PFA coating demonstrates remarkably high ice suppression efficiencies of 94.7 and 99.5% in anti-icing experiments at ambient temperatures of -6 and -10 °C, respectively. It is anticipated that this stable superhydrophobic PFA coating will be a candidate for anti-icing applications in wind turbine blades.

Synergistic Effects of the Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Components on the Antifreezing Performances of Latex Particles and Anti-Icing Properties of Latex Films.

The development of new materials for antifreezing and anti-icing applications is a big challenge in industry and academic area. Inspired by the antifreeze proteins, latex particles with superhydrophilic zwitterionic shells and superhydrophobic cores are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization, and the applications of the latex particles in antifreezing and anti-icing applications are investigated. In antifreezing study, the critical aggregate temperature (CAT) of the latex particles decreases, and the separation of the melting and freezing temperature of ice increases with the particle concentration. Enzyme molecules can be cryopreserved in the particle solution, andtheir bioactivities are well maintained. Latex particles are casted into latex films with dynamic surfaces. Anti-icing performances, including antifrosting properties, freezing delay time, and ice adhesion strengths, are studied; and the water-treated latex films present stronger anti-icing properties than other films, due to the synergistic effects of the superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic components. In addition, latex particles with zwitterionic shells and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) cores, and latex particles with small molecular surfactant on the surfaces are synthesized. The antifreezing performances of the latex particles and anti-icing properties of the latex films are compared.

Anti-Ice PMMA Surface Design and Processing

At low temperatures, PMMA surfaces are prone to ice and frost formation, which presents a significant challenge for PMMA’s efficient application in cold environments due to the difficulty in physically removing the accumulated ice. Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit promising potential in passive anti-icing strategies. To exploit this advantage, we employed femtosecond laser technology to create six distinct microstructured PMMA surfaces, followed by surface modification using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, resulting in enhanced hydrophobic and anti-icing properties. Among the tested structures, a secondary circular dot pattern achieved a remarkable contact angle of 153.7°, prolonging the freezing duration by approximately 40% at −10 °C, and reducing frost accumulation by over 50%. The ice adhesion strength was significantly reduced to 34 kPa. These findings contribute to broadening the applicability of PMMA and advancing the use of superhydrophobic surfaces in anti-icing applications.

Enhancing Icephobic Coatings: Exploring the Potential of Dopamine-Modified Epoxy Resin Inspired by Mussel Catechol Groups.

A nature-inspired approach was employed through the development of dopamine-modified epoxy coating for anti-icing applications. The strong affinity of dopamine's catechol groups for hydrogen bonding with water molecules at the ice/coating interface was utilized to induce an aqueous quasi-liquid layer (QLL) on the surface of the icephobic coatings, thereby reducing their ice adhesion strength. Epoxy resin modification was studied by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The surface and mechanical properties of the prepared coatings were studied by different characterization techniques. Low-temperature ATR-FTIR was employed to study the presence of QLL on the coating's surface. Moreover, the freezing delay time and temperature of water droplets on the coatings were evaluated along with push-off and centrifuge ice adhesion strength to evaluate their icephobic properties. The surface of dopamine-modified epoxy coating presented enhanced hydrophilicity and QLL formation, addressed as the main reason for its remarkable icephobicity. The results demonstrated the potential of dopamine-modified epoxy resin as an effective binder for icephobic coatings, offering notable ice nucleation delay time (1316 s) and temperature (-19.7 °C), reduced ice adhesion strength (less than 40 kPa), and an ice adhesion reduction factor of 7.2 compared to the unmodified coating.

Empowering Photovoltaic Panel Anti-Icing: Superhydrophobic Organic Composite Coating with In Situ Photothermal and Transparency.

Solar energy is widely used in photovoltaic power generation as a kind of clean energy. However, the liquid film, frosting, and icing on the photovoltaic module seriously limit the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. We developed a composite coating (Y6-NanoSH) by combining an in situ photothermal and transparent Y6 organic film with a nanosuperhydrophobic material. The Y6-NanoSH coated glass exhibited excellent optical clarity both indoors and outdoors, indicating that the coating holds great promise in anti-icing applications for photovoltaic panels. The Y6-NanoSH coating absorbs very little visible light but instead absorbs in the near-infrared region, thereby emitting heat. When exposed to sunlight, the Y6-NanoSH coated photovoltaic panel raises its surface temperature, inhibiting the growth and accumulation of ice and frost on its surface. This is achieved through a combination of photothermal emission and superhydrophobic repellency, which promotes the evaporation and rolling away of water droplets. This validates our success in developing a photothermal, transparent, and superhydrophobic coating with excellent anti-icing capabilities, suitable for use on photovoltaic panels, as well as potential applications in car windscreens, transmission lines, curtain walls, and weather radomes.

Multi-layer photothermal film inspired by polar bear fur for anti-icing and photothermal de-icing in cold environments

As climatic conditions worsen and time passes, icing becomes an unavoidable issue. Drawing inspiration from the thermal regulatory properties inherent in polar bear fur, we introduce a biomimetic three-layer film. This film comprises a hydrophobic shield, a photothermal conversion layer, and an insulating layer through electrospinning. The multilayered micro/nanostructure within this film amplifies its light absorption capabilities, achieving an average absorption rate of 96.27 % across wavelengths ranging from 200 to 2500 nm. Thanks to the insulation layer's thoughtful design, the film boasts high photothermal conversion efficiency. When exposed to solar radiation for 360 s at an ambient temperature of 20 °C, its surface temperature swiftly climbs to 98.3 ± 1.1 °C. The film's anti-icing capabilities are evidenced by the fact that a droplet of water takes 2964.7 s to freeze on its surface, which is approximately 118 times that of aluminum. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent photothermal de-icing performance, swiftly eliminating thick layers of ice or frost under sunlight. Moreover, this film maintains its anti-icing and hydrophobic qualities even after multiple icing and de-icing cycles, as well as durability testing. It also possesses self-cleaning properties. Given its outstanding performance, this film has tremendous potential for long-term outdoor anti-icing applications.

Dual-Energy-Barrier Stable Superhydrophobic Structures for Long Icing Delay.

Using superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) with the water-repellent Cassie-Baxter (CB) state is widely acknowledged as an effective approach for anti-icing performances. Nonetheless, the CB state is susceptible to diverse physical phenomena (e.g., vapor condensation, gas contraction, etc.) at low temperatures, resulting in the transition to the sticky Wenzel state and the loss of anti-icing capabilities. SHSs with various micronanostructures have been empirically examined for enhancing the CB stability; however, the energy barrier transits from the metastable CB state to the stable Wenzel state and thus the CB stability enhancement is currently not enough to guarantee a well and appliable anti-icing performance at low temperatures. Here, we proposed a dual-energy-barrier design strategy on superhydrophobic micronanostructures. Rather than the typical single energy barrier of the conventional CB-to-Wenzel transition, we introduced two CB states (i.e., CB I and CB II), where the state transition needed to go through CB I and CB II then to Wenzel state, thus significantly improving the entire CB stability. We applied ultrafast laser to fabricate this dual-energy-barrier micronanostructures, established a theoretical framework, and performed a series of experiments. The anti-icing performances were exhibited with long delay icing times (over 27,000 s) and low ice-adhesion strengths (0.9 kPa). The kinetic mechanism underpinning the enhanced CB anti-icing stability was elucidated and attributed to the preferential liquid pinning in the shallow closed structures, enabling the higher CB-Wenzel transition energy barrier to sustain the CB state. Comprehensive durability tests further corroborated the potentials of the designed dual-energy-barrier structures for anti-icing applications.

Structure-property relationship of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/polydimethylsiloxane superhydrophobic coatings for cotton fabrics

Cotton fabrics are extensively utilized in daily life due to striking advantages such as softness, breathability, skin-friendliness, and cheapness. However, they are susceptible to being contaminated owing to inherent amphiphilicity, severely affecting service lifespan and aesthetic perception. To address this issue, three distinct types of the POSS/PDMS composite coatings are explored, and applied to cotton fabrics, respectively. Subsequently, the correlations between structures of POSS and properties of the composite coatings on the modified cotton fabrics are discussed. The results show that the three types of the POSS/PDMS composite coatings impart the modified fabrics with robust superhydrophobicity even in harsh environments including mechanical damage, chemical corrosion and UV-irradiation. Notably, the damaged POSS/PDMS composite coatings on cotton fabrics can exhibit excellent superhydrophobic self-healing capability by simple heating. Meanwhile, the modified fabrics also show excellent performances in self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-icing and oil-water separation applications. Additionally, due to multifunctional groups of MTPOSS, the cotton fabric treated by the MTPOSS/PDMS composite coating exhibits more excellent thermal, mechanical, and UV protection properties without significantly compromising its air permeability as compared to those of the other coated cotton fabrics. This work will pave the way to exploitation and applications of novel multifunctional textiles.

Fabrication of sustainable anti-icing metal surface with micro-nano composite concave angle structure by laser-electrodeposition-chemical method

Icing has adverse effects on human daily life and industrial production. The superhydrophobic surfaces have enormous potential for anti-icing applications because of the excellent water repellent effect. To enhance the anti-icing properties of metal surfaces, a hybrid method was employed, which combined laser processing, electrodeposition, and chemical soaking. This method was used to create a superhydrophobic surface with regular micro-nano composite concave corner structures on the surfaces of 7075 aluminum alloy. The morphology and wetting performance of samples under different current densities and deposition times were characterized. Under the current density of 40 mA/cm2 and the deposition time of 300 s, the hydrophobic performance of the prepared ZnNi alloy superhydrophobic coating was optimal. During the anti-frost testing, the prepared superhydrophobic surface only experienced water droplet aggregation, while frost never appeared. Compared to unprocessed surfaces, the prepared superhydrophobic surfaces showed a significant increase in anti-icing performance. Finally, the mechanism of the delayed icing on the surface of the prepared ZnNi alloy superhydrophobic coating was analyzed. This research provided a feasible approach for the manufacturing of superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces.

Design and properties of self-healing superhydrophobic CNT@SiO2 coating for anti-icing application

Superhydrophobic coatings have aroused great research interest due to their potential applications in aviation, energy, etc. However, the coatings are inclined to lose hydrophobicity when exposed to chemical corrosion, which makes them difficult to play a crucial role in some demanding areas such as road engineering. Self-healing of coatings without external stimulations is challenging but essential for reliable superhydrophobic and anti-ice properties, such an interesting topic has been rarely reported. Here we design a self-healing superhydrophobic CNT@SiO2 coating for anti-ice application. The dodecyl trimethoxysilane modified CNT@SiO2 nanoparticles are mixed with epoxy resin and sprayed to form the robust coating, which exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity (155.1°), self-healing properties and ice resistance. After seven strong alkali corrosion cycles, the self-healing rate recover more than 96% after 48 h. The coating almost doubles the freezing time even at −20 °C. The novel and simple strategy for preparing self-healing and anti-icing multifunctional coating provides a new viewpoint in surface protection.

Multifunctional Anti-Icing Gel Surface with Enhanced Durability.

Materials with low ice adhesion and long-lasting anti-icing properties remain an ongoing challenge in ultralow temperature environments (≤-30 °C). This study presents a gel material consisting of a polymer matrix (copolymer of polyurethane and acrylamide) and an anti-icing agent, ethylene glycol (EG), designed for anti-icing applications at ultralow temperatures. The surface shows a prolonged droplet freezing delay of ca. 322 s at -30 °C and frost resistance properties. It also exhibits an ice adhesion strength of 1.1 kPa at -10 °C and 39.8 kPa at -50 °C, resulting from the interaction between EG and water molecules that hinders the crystallization of ice as well as the significant mismatch between elastic gel and ice. In addition, the gel surface exhibits favorable anti-icing durability, with an ice adhesion strength below 20.0 kPa after 25 icing/deicing cycles and mechanical scratch tests. The gel demonstrates remarkable thermal durability, achieved through the H-bonds between the EG and polymer matrix. The H-bonds further enhance the anti-icing performance, thereby remarkably decreasing EG depletion and improving anti-icing durability. Overall, these properties suggest the potential application of this gel material in harsh environments including polar regions.