Antidandruff Efficacy Research Articles

A New Purpose to Old Arsenal: Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of a New Regimen Comprising a Combination of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Cetrimide for Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common scalp condition affecting the quality of life of individuals across all age groups. The uninhibited proliferation of Malassezia spp. and enhanced sebaceous gland activity often leads to scalp flaking, mild erythema, and itching, thereby worsening the situation. Here, we aimed to study the efficacy of an antiseptic liquid as a pre-shampoo rinse followed by a non-anti-dandruff shampoo as a dandruff care strategy. Methods: The anti-dandruff efficacy of a chlorhexidine-cetrimide-based antiseptic liquid (ASL) as a pre-shampoo scalp rinse, followed by a regular non-anti-dandruff shampoo, was compared with a commercialZinc pyrithione (ZnPTO) based anti-dandruff shampoo following a half-head paired treatment design in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The study was conducted on 50 healthy human adults of both genderswith moderate to severe dandruff. During the 12 weeks of this study, the product's safety and efficacy were evaluated based on the dermatologist's visual assessment, the subjects' self-assessment, the loose flake density score, and hair fall. ASL as a pre-shampoo scalp rinse demonstrated significant reduction (p<0.001 for n=47) in dandruff and itching after the treatment and the regression phase, performing at par with a marketed anti-dandruff shampoo. Moreover, ASL was established to be safe, non-irritant, and well-tolerated. No product-related adverse event, discomfort, or irritation symptoms were recorded, having any impact on hair sensory properties. This study demonstrates that a regimen of a chlorhexidine+cetrimide antiseptic liquid for scalp treatment followed by rinse with a regular shampoo can prove as effective as a ZnPTO-based anti-dandruff shampoo in reducing dandruff symptoms for individuals with moderate dandruff.

Enhanced piroctone olamine retention from shampoo for superior anti-dandruff efficacy.

Dandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control commensal scalp Malassezia levels. Delivery of benefit agents from shampoos requires balancing many technical parameters to achieve the desired outcome without sacrificing secondary parameters, such as cosmetic attributes. To develop formulation technologies that increase the shampoo delivery efficiency of the scalp benefit agent piroctone olamine (PO). Increased delivery should result in increased anti-dandruff efficacy. Micellar Stability and Association parameters were quantified via dynamic surface tension and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion parameters, respectively. PO delivery has been assessed in vivo both on the scalp surface and follicular infindibula using extraction procedures and analytical analysis. Clinical anti-dandruff efficacy was assessed for an advanced delivery technology prototype in comparison to standard delivery technology. Shampoo prototypes have been developed that increase the delivery efficiency of PO. Both surfactant and polymer coacervate-based approaches have been developed. Decreased micellar stability results in weaker association between PO and micelles, resulting in more efficient PO retention on the scalp surface and delivery to the infundibula. Increased charge density of cationic polymers optimizes coacervation enabling improved PO delivery as well. Increased PO delivery has been shown clinically to result in higher anti-dandruff efficacy as measured by both visible flakes and underlying biomarkers. Increased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti-dandruff efficacy.

Evaluation of A Natural Anti- Dandruff Technology in a Shampoo Formulation via In-vivo and In-vitro Methods

Background: Natural anti dandruff efficacy is an area of interest as there is a consumer need for natural technologies in over-the-counter shampoo formulations.

A SYNOPTIC REVIEW ON PRIYALADI LEPA: AN AYURVEDIC TOPICAL FORMULATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DARUNAKA (DANDRUFF)

Pityriasis capitis commonly known as Dandruff is a common skin disorder that mainly affects the scalp. It is one of the most common cosmetic problems. It is more likely a social stigma and affects the aesthetic value of a person. In Ayurveda, Acharya Sushruta mentions Darunaka (dandruff) under Kshudra kushta roga (minor skin ailment) and some other authors mention it as Shirah-Kapalagata roga (head and skull diseases). Symptoms of Darunaka are kandu (itching), Keshachyuti (hair fall), Twaksphutana (scaling) and rukshata (dryness). Darunaka can be closely co-related to Pityriasis capitis. Though not being a life-threatening disease, it is affecting almost half of the population from pre-pubertal age to old age of any gender with recurrence and frequent relapses. Ayurveda classics majorly emphasizes the bahya lepa upachaar (external paste application) as a line of treatment in Darunaka. Priyaladi lepa is one such formulation recommended in Sharangadhara Samhitha for Darunaka chikitsa, but not often applied in routine Ayurvedic practice. So, this study aims to appraise the pharmacological activity of the formulation Priyaladi lepa regarding its anti-dandruff efficacy. Rasapanchaka and Dosha karma (Ayurvedic Pharmacological attributes) of ingredients were compiled from Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and other Ayurvedic literature. Pharmacological actions were compiled from original research articles from Google Scholar, Research Gate and PubMed etc. research databases. A study on each ingredient of Priyaladi lepa collectively demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-pruritic, antioxidant and exfoliation effects. These pharmacological activities encourage further research and henceforth to utilize the same for the effective management of Darunaka (Dandruff).

Comparative antidandruff efficacy of plant extracts prepared from conventional and supercritical fluid extraction method and chemical profiling using GCMS

ABSTRACT: Background To combat dandruff associated pathogens, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can be used as an alternative eco-friendly technique to obtain antimicrobial plant extracts over conventional methods. Objectives The purpose of the study was to compare the yield and antimicrobial potential of extracts obtained by different extraction methods. Methods Extraction was carried out by cold percolation method using ethyl acetate (EA) and SFE using CO2. Antimicrobial activity was studied against dandruff causing microbes; Malassezia furfur, Propionibacterium acne, and Staphylococcus epidermidis by agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution method. Statistical evaluation was done by principal component analysis (PCA). Results The yield was found higher in the ethyl acetate extracts. PCA indicated that among the sixteen extracts, SFE extract of Azadirachta indica leaves was the most influential with the highest F1 score and maximum antimicrobial activity. Cinnamomum zeylanicum SFE extract demonstrated the lowest MIC against P. acne and M. furfur. GC-MS analysis of A. indica extract inferred that ganoderic acid, 13,14-epoxyoleanan-3-ol acetate, henicosanal, 2-heptadecycloxirane were the major phytoconstituents whereas cinnamaldehyde, α- muurolene and caffeic acid were primarily found in cinnamon. Conclusion Bioactive compounds identified in the extracts of A. indica and C. zeylanicum can be used in natural antidandruff products.

Synthesis, Characterization, Comparative Antidandruff Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Studies of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Using Glycyrrhiza glabra Root

In the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract and evaluated their antimicrobial potential against dandruff causing pathogens. Dandruff is an inflammatory of scalp expression that impacts approximately half of the world's population. The development of new class of antidandruff agents based on sustainable means is essential. Characterization of AgNPs were done by UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Bradford assay was performed for protein leakage analysis. Cytotoxicity was checked by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell lines. The zone of inhibition for Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts and AgNPs was measured from 9–42 mm while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was in the range of 25–380 μg/ml. AgNPs showed lowest MIC against P. acne at concentration of 25 μg/ml. Protein leakage analysis revealed that AgNPs may disturb the solidity of pathogens membrane. Cytotoxicity evaluation on cell lines showed that both Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract and AgNPs are nontoxic on HEK-293 cell lines. Therefore, it can be concluded from the studies that utilization of Glycyrrhiza glabra based synthesis of AgNPs could be explored to manage dandruff.

Comparative Study of Antidandruff Efficacy of Punica granatum Peel and Its Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Comparative Study of Antidandruff Efficacy of <i>Punica granatum</i> Peel and Its Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Dano: A herbal solution for dandruff

Dano, a poly-herbal hair oil was studied for anti-dandruff activity using microbiological and clinical tests. There was a clear symptomatic relief from dandruff in all the volunteers after 10 days of use. Further, the isolation of Pityrosporum ovale, the causative organism of the dandruff in culture was not possible after use of the Dano oil. The plant extracts is from Wrightia tinctoria (Indrajev), Cassia alata (Dadmari) and bitter fraction of Azadirachta indica (Neem or Nimba). Methylene blue reductase test was employed to study the anti-dandruff efficacy of the oil

Enhanced efficacy and sensory properties of an anti‐dandruff shampoo containing zinc pyrithione and climbazole

Dandruff is a common complaint and is suffered by as much as half of the population at some time post puberty. The condition is characterized by the presence of flakes on the scalp and in the hair, and is often accompanied by itch. The most common treatment for dandruff is the use of shampoo formulations that contain fungistatic agents such as zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and octopirox. Whilst most antidandruff shampoos are effective in resolving the symptoms of dandruff these shampoos can often result in hair condition that is less than acceptable to consumers which can lead to a tendency for them to revert to use of a non-antidandruff shampoo. This can result in a rapid return of dandruff symptoms. The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of using a combination of antidandruff actives and silicones on the resolution of dandruff and to deliver superior sensory properties to the hair. We have demonstrated that shampoo containing the dual active system of ZPT/Climbazole deposits both active agents onto a model skin surface (VitroSkin) and reduces Malassezia furfur regrowth in vitro. Clinical evaluation of the dual active shampoo demonstrated superior efficacy and retained superiority during a regression phase where all subjects reverted to using a non-antidandruff shampoo. We have also demonstrated that it is possible to deposit silicone materials from antidandruff shampoo uniformly over both virgin and damaged hair fibres that results in smoother hair fibres (as evidenced by reduced dry friction). This combination of antidandruff agents and conditioning silicones delivered from a shampoo provides subjects with superior antidandruff efficacy and desired end sensory benefits ensuring compliance and longer term dandruff removal.

A double‐blind randomized vehicle‐controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of ZnPTO dose on the scalp vs. antidandruff efficacy and antimycotic activity

Dandruff is a common problem in approximately 30% of the world's population. Reports in the literature regarding treatment of this condition with various antidandruff shampoos usually report the level of active ingredient within the formulation. However, we propose that a more important parameter relating to antidandruff efficacy is the amount of active ingredient delivered to the scalp from the shampoo. This report describes the results from two studies designed to investigate the relationship between the level of zinc pyrithione (ZnPTO) deposited onto the scalp and the resultant scalp condition. A double-blind randomized vehicle-controlled clinical study comparing three shampoos - a vehicle, a low-depositing ZnPTO shampoo and a high-depositing ZnPTO shampoo - was carried out in the U.K. with 53 panelists with dandruff or mild-to-moderate seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Both shampoos containing ZnPTO were significantly superior in antidandruff efficacy to the vehicle. Furthermore, the high-depositing ZnPTO shampoo was significantly superior compared with the low-depositing ZnPTO shampoo in terms of both antidandruff efficacy and antimycotic activity. Antidandruff performance and antimycotic activity of ZnPTO-containing shampoos is highly dependent on the amount of active ingredient delivered to the scalp. Furthermore, careful manipulation of the formulation parameters of an antidandruff shampoo can result in enhanced levels of delivery of the active ingredient without having to increase the level of active ingredient within the formulation.

The antidandruff efficacy of a shampoo containing piroctone olamine and salicylic acid in comparison to that of a zinc pyrithione shampoo

Dandruff (pityriasis capitis) is a chronic scalp condition characterized by scaling and sometimes itching and redness. Shampoos containing antifungal agents are used to control the scaling condition. In the present study, two shampoos with different actives are compared in a double-blind, randomised and bilateral study on 19 subjects. One shampoo contained piroctone olamine (0.75%) combined with salicylic acid (2%) and the other contained zinc pyrithione (1%) as active ingredient. The subjects were treated twice weekly with the shampoos for almost 4 weeks. Before each treatment the degree of dandruff was evaluated. Both shampoos were highly effective in reducing the dandruff. The combination of piroctone olamine and salicylic acid appeared to be slightly more effective than zinc pyrithione in reducing the severity and area affected by the scaling.

Comparative Anti-Dandruff Efficacy between a Tar and a Non-Tar Shampoo

A randomized double-blind clinical study was conducted on two groups of 30 volunteers using either a non-tar shampoo (2% salicylic acid, 0.75% piroctone olamine and 0.5% elubiol) or a 0.5% coal tar shampoo. Subjects were diagnosed as having moderate to marked dandruff. The study consisted of a 3-week washout, followed by a 4-week treatment and a 4-week posttreatment regression phase. The clinical evaluations and subject self-assessments showed that the non-tar shampoo was as effective as the tar shampoo. Both received high approval ratings (≥70%). Biometrological methods proved to be more sensitive than clinical evaluations to assess the efficacy of the shampoos. The non-tar shampoo yielded a significantly better reduction of Malassezia spp. counts (p < 0.02) during the treatment phase and reduced the spontaneous increase in squamometry values (p < 0.01) during the posttreatment phase. It is concluded that a formulation associating salicylic acid, piroctone olamine and elubiol exhibited increased beneficial effects compared to the coal tar shampoo.

Ｈｅａｄ ａｎｄ Ｓｈｏｕｌｄｅｒｓ ＳｈａｍｐｏｏとＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ Ｒｉｎｓｅ対Ｍｅｒｉｔ ＳｈａｍｐｏｏとＭｏｉｓｔｕｒｅ Ｒｉｎｓｅのフケ防止効果の比較

Ｈｅａｄ ａｎｄ Ｓｈｏｕｌｄｅｒｓ ＳｈａｍｐｏｏとＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ Ｒｉｎｓｅ対Ｍｅｒｉｔ ＳｈａｍｐｏｏとＭｏｉｓｔｕｒｅ Ｒｉｎｓｅのフケ防止効果の比較

Dandruff: infection or not?

Synopsis The presence of apparently normal corneocytes as well as parakeratotic material in dandruff scales suggests that atypical keratinization in the scalp epidermis has not been of long duration. Abundance of hair fat on the scalp after puberty, colonization by fat-splitting micro-organisms (notably yeasts of the genus Pityrosporum) and transitory upsurges of epidermal mitosis in response to fatty acids produced by lipolysis of sebum triglycerides within the hair follicles, especially those in the anagen phase, seem likely to be implicated in the generation of dandruff scaling. Antidandruff efficacy apparently calls not only for antifungal potency demonstrable in vitro but also for the ability, when incorporated in a suitable formulation, to reach the microflora within the hair follicles and to inhibit the metabolic activity of these microorganisms even in the presence of sebum. The in vivo demonstration of an alleged 'anti-hyperproliferative'effect of an antidandruff compound has been described but probably has only coincidental relationship to its normal function in the control of dandruff, which seems more likely to depend on its antimicrobial properties. The available evidence thus tends to favour the view that the scalp microflora have a predominant role in the generation of dandruff. Pellicules: origine microbienne ou non microbienne?

Comparative Study of Two Antidandruff Preparations

The relative antidandruff efficacy of a commercially available 2% zinc pyrithione shampoo, a 2.5% selenium sulfide suspension, and an unmedicated control shampoo was measured using a well‐tested visual technique. The zinc pyrithione shampoo and the selenium sulfide suspension were found to be equally effective, both being significantly more effective than the control shampoo. A supplemental evaluation of the effects of the test products on scalp oiliness is also reported.