Anti-cytomegalovirus IgM Research Articles

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in Sera of Aborted Women in Samaraa city

The aim of this study was to detect the relationship between Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus infections and occurrence of abortion. The records of 173 aborted women between age of less than twenty years and fifty years old attending to the hospital of Samaraa general hospital from October 2015 to April 2016 were reviewed. Investigation by using VIDAS technique represented that T. Gondii antibodies showed in 54(31.2 %) of aborted women ,while 23(13.3 %) represented infected with Cytomegalovirus and 7(4.1%) were infected with both Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus. Also the study showed that 77 (44.5%) of aborted women were in aged groups between 21-30 years old ,and the anti-toxoplasmosis IgM &IgG found in 66(38.2%) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM &IgG found only in 30(17.34%) in aborted women.

Relevance of CMV DNA Detection in Symptomatic Children up to 3 Months of Age


 
 
 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide. The burden of disease related to congenital CMV (cCMV) is substantial, as it is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Despite its clinical significance, cCMV infection often goes undetected because the majority of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth and screening programmes have not been implemented in any country.
 The aim of this study is to define the role of CMV in congenital and early postnatal morbidity in clinically relevant symptomatic children up to 3 months of age in Varna region, comparatively in ELISA (anti CMV IgM/IgG) and PCR.
 We found CMV DNA in 12 out of 50 tested children (24%, 95% CI: 12.16–35.84%). The viral load ranged in 65–1 628 879 IU/ml, average viral load 144 707.2 IU/ml.
 It is important to note that only half of the PCR positive children 6/12 (50%) had an anti CMV IgM positive result.
 Our data demonstrate that serological tests defining active CMV infection with CMV IgM detection are not sufficiently indicative in all newborns, and it is therefore mandatory to conduct modern PCR for all relevant infants after birth.
 
 

Isolated Ventriculomegaly and Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Diagnostic Challenges

INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital viral infection, associated with developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and fetal death. Primary infection during first trimester is associated with poor prognosis and a higher risk for neurological damage such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy or behavior spectrum disorders. Short interval between infection and ultrasound manifestations is a poor prognostic marker. CASE PRESENTATION The authors present a case of an acute cytomegalovirus infection with isolated ventriculomegaly, diagnosed at 16 gestational weeks. A review of the literature about screening and diagnostic challenges for CMV infection during pregnancy was done, emphasizing the bad prognosis in cases with early primary infection and the need for regular screening programs and prevention. CONCLUSION Screening for anti CMV IgM / IgG and IgG avidity in all pregnant women could be recommended to identify risk groups and improve diagnostic capabilities.

The Screening of Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Prepregnancy and Reproductive-Age Women in Tabriz, Iran.

Objectives The organisms of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus as an acronym of TORCH are major pathogens in prepregnancy and reproductive-age women. These microorganisms are considered a serious problem and cause 2-3% of all birth defects in the fetus. Our study was aimed at screening the seroprevalence of TORCH antibodies among prepregnancy and reproductive-age women in Tabriz, Iran. Design and Setting. This study was carried out in 2726 prepregnancy and reproductive-age women, who were referred to the laboratory for prenatal TORCH screening. To detect the presence of IgG, IgM antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen against these microorganisms were carried out using a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (CLIA). Results In the current study, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, anti-Rubella virus IgG, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG were found in 722 cases (26.5%), 2579 cases (94.6%0), and 2718 cases (99.7%), respectively. Moreover, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM, anti-Rubella virus IgM, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgM were discovered in 10 cases (0.4%), 13 cases (0.5%), and 16 cases (0.6%), respectively. The Hepatitis B surface antigen was found in 32 cases (1.2%). The dissemination of positive TORCH in various ages was different (P < 0.05). Conclusions In our study, the seroprevalence of acute TORCH infections was relatively low. Due to the probability of vertical transmission to the fetus during pregnancy and the unpleasant complication of these pathogens, it is essential to be screened for detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies in reproductive ages.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegaloviruses in Afghanistan

Objective: Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family, with the ability to establish a long-lived latent infection. CMV infection causes problems in immunocompromised hosts undergoing organ and stem cell transplantation. The prevalence of CMV in adults varies in different geographic regions. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of CMV in the adult population of Afghanistan, which did not have epidemiologic information for CMV infection. Methods: A total of 500 adults residing in main regional provinces of Afghanistan including Nangarhar, Herat, Mazar-i Sharif, Kandahar and Kabul in the age range of 25-70 years old were randomly selected to include in the study. Among the participants, 263 (52.6%) were female and 237 (47.4%) were male. The samples were tested for the presence of CMV IgM and IgG antibodies using chemiluminescence immunoassay on the Abbott Architect automated platform. Results: The seropositivity of CMV was found 99.79 % in Afghanistan. There were no significant differences in the prevalence CMV infection among the five regions. The seropositivity anti-CMV IgG positive rate in Kandahar, Kabul, Nangarhar and, Herat was determined as 100%. The CMV IgG prevalence was 98.99% in Mazar-i Sharif. Anti CMV IgM was found 1.24% in Afghanistan. Conclusions: Our study shown that the seroprevalence is high in Afghanistan. Because of the high frequency of seropositivity in general population in Afghanistan, the approaches for preventing CMV reactivation need to be developed. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 9(2): 78-82.

The Role of Cytomegalovirus in Congenital and Early Postnatal Infections in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous, large enveloped DNA β-herpesvirus that, like other herpesviruses, establishes lifelong latency following primary infection. It is the most frequent cause of congenital, neonatal and early postnatal infections with long lasting sequelae. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of cytomegalovirus among a cohort of newborns and 1-3-month-old children with neurological symptoms, physical retardation, prolonged jaundice, thrombocytopenic purpura and other disabilities. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of serological screening data for detection of specific anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG in children from Northeastern Bulgaria. Between 2003 and 2015, average prevalences of 18.8% (95% CI: 15.4 to 22.2) for anti-CMV IgM antibodies (suggesting acute infection) and 84.7% (95% CI: 81.6 to 87.8) for anti-CMV IgG antibodies were measured in a total number of 517 samples. The prevalence rate of anti-CMV IgM in 1-3-month-old children was 4-fold higher than that in newborns [25.8% (95% CI: 21.1 to 30.5) and 6.4% (95% CI: 2.9 to 9.9, respectively]. In contrast, no significant difference was found for anti- CMV IgG positivity between newborns and 1-3-month-old infants (84% and 85%, respectively). The data obtained strongly encourage screening of pregnant women for anti-CMV IgG and IgM to avoid transmission of the infection and severe complications of congenital infection.

Anti-glutamine synthetase and other potential autoantibody biomarkers in the sera of patients with age-related macular degeneration

Recent findings indicate that immunological factors, in particular a possible autoimmune response, are involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To reveal an autoantibody profile for AMD and identify biomarkers for progression of this disease, we performed an antigen microarray analysis of serum samples from patients with AMD and healthy controls. Sera from the AMD groups contained higher levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to various ocular antigens and immune molecules, respectively, when compared to the normal group. Anti-complement C4 IgG (odds ratio, OR=16.4) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM (OR=13.0) were best correlated with the development of dry AMD, and anti-apolipoprotein E IgG (OR=14.5) and anti-complement factor H IgM (OR=6.0) were the most reliable biomarkers for progression from dry to wet AMD. Moreover, IgGs purified from sera of AMD patients contained high reactivity to glutamine synthetase (GS) and inhibited activity of GS in a dose dependent manner. Ocular expression of GS decreased with age in mice, suggesting that the accumulation of glutamate, which has strong neurotoxicity, contributes to retinal degeneration. Our data demonstrate that patient seroreactivities to specific ocular antigens might be used as biomarkers for AMD, and that anti-GS IgG could be associated with the pathogenesis of the disease.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as a Clinical Component of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

We report hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a newborn with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. The neonate had distinct signs of congenital cytomegalovirus infection including petechiae, jaundice, intracranial calcifications, cerebral ventriculomegaly and chorioretinitis together with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Following determination of anti-cytomegalovirus IgM, viral DNA was also isolated from the plasma of the patient by polymerase chain reaction. Although cytomegalovirus is a relatively frequent cause of myocarditis in childhood, it was rarely reported to be associated with cardiac abnormalities such as structural heart disease, atrioventricular block, or dilated cardiomyopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first case with congenital cytomegalovirus infection and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Herpes Simplex Virus-1(HSV-1) causes many diseases including encephalitis, meningitis, keratitis etc. ,also it infects the immunocompromised patients as leukemia and AIDS patients.

Herpes Simplex Virus-1(HSV-1) causes many diseases including encephalitis, meningitis, keratitis etc. ,also it infects the immunocompromised patients as leukemia and AIDS patients. The study include (104) case of blood samples from thalassemic patients between 2008-2009. the anti HSV-1 IgM , anti Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM and anti Toxoplasma gondii IgM were detected in patient's serum using ELISA. The results showed that the rate of anti HSV-1 IgM and anti CMV IgM in urban was higher than rural which was (8.65%) , also the rate of anti HSV-1 IgM and anti T. gondii IgM was equal in urban and rural which was (0.96%), where as the rate of anti T. gondii IgM only in urban was higher than rural which was (8.65%). The results revealed that there was a significant difference between anti HSV-1 IgM ,anti T. gondii IgM and blood group .The rate of anti HSV-1 IgM and anti T. gondii IgM for patients with B and O blood groups was (0.96%) for both of them , and there was also significant difference between HSV-1 IgM , anti CMV IgM and blood group .The higher rate was in patients with blood group B it was (5.8%) and in patients with blood group O was (2.9%). The higher rate of anti HSV-1 IgM was in patients with B blood group it was (2.9%),(4.8%) in male and female respectively .

A Guillain-Barré syndrome variant with prominent facial diplegia

To determine the clinical features of a Guillain-Barré syndrome variant with prominent facial diplegia, we retrospectively reviewed approximately 8,600 cases referred to our neuroimmunological laboratory for serological tests during the past seven years. Patients' histories, neurological signs, and laboratory and electrophysiological data were clarified based on their clinical records. Sera obtained during the acute phase were tested for prior infectious serology and anti-ganglioside antibodies. In 22 patients, clinical signs such as acute progressive bifacial weakness, paresthesias in the distal dominant limbs, and hypo- or areflexia, were compatible with a Guillain-Barré syndrome variant, facial diplegia and paresthesias. Other cranial nerve involvements, limb weakness, and ataxia were absent or minimal. Clinical courses were monophasic, the nadir being reached within four weeks. Eighteen patients (86%) had had infectious symptoms within the four weeks preceding the onset of neurological illness. In the infection serology tests, anti-cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies were the most frequent (35%). All the patients had cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytologic dissociation. In nerve conduction studies, 14 (64%) showed demyelination in their limbs. Anti-GM2 IgM antibodies were detected in four patients who had anti-cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies. Patients with conditions similar to facial diplegia and paresthesias, but lacking either distal paresthesias or hyporeflexia, were regarded as having marginal facial diplegia and paresthesias, because they also frequently had features of Guillain-Barré syndrome, such as an antecedent infection or cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytologic dissociation. Our findings are further evidence of a facial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome and provide important information essential for its diagnosis.

NEONATAL CHOLESTASIS RESULTING FROM VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS A INFECTION

NEONATAL CHOLESTASIS RESULTING FROM VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS A INFECTION

The role of cellular transcription factors in the control of latency and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)

Background: a difference in anti-cytomegalovirus IgM antibody profile has been found between sera from acutely cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected patients and sera from CMV-infected patients with subclinical infection. Objectives: the aim of this study is to investigate whether such different IgM antibody responses are correlated with differences in the expression of CMV immediate early and late mRNAs. Study design: we have investigated the anti-CMV IgM response in 46 renal transplant recipients by employing two commercially available IgM kits (AxSYM and IMX) as well as two novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which were developed using recombinant ppUL32 (pp150) and pUL80a (p38), respectively. The results were compared with four direct CMV diagnostic tests: pp65 antigenemia, viral culture and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), detecting either CMV immediate early 1 (IE1) mRNA (IE1-NASBA), or CMV pp67 (late) mRNA (pp67-NASBA). Results: analysis of all CMV-infected recipients (n=28) showed that in 16 recipients (group I) more than one direct test became positive after transplantation, while in the other 12 recipients (group II), IE1-NASBA was the only direct test to become positive. In group I, 100, 81, 100 and 50% of the recipients were IgM-positive with AxSYM, IMX, p38 and pp150, respectively. In group II, 100, 83, 17 and 83% of the recipients were IgM-positive with AxSYM, IMX, p38 and pp150, respectively. Conclusions: our data indicate that the IgM-response against p38 and pp150 differs significantly (P<0.01) between group I recipients with productive CMV infection, and group II recipients with a non-productive CMV infection which may be of diagnostic and prognostic relevance.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus among acute sporadic hepatitis patients in Suez

The objective of this study was to describe our experience with an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) developed by us, and to clarify whether or not hepatitis E virus (HEV) is present in Egypt among patients with acute sporadic hepatitis. One hundred and forty patients with acute viral hepatitis consecutively admitted to the Fever Hospital of Suez were enrolled. Serum was tested for bilirubin, aminotransferases, and viral hepatitis markers, including anti-hepatitis A virus IgM, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B core IgM, anti-hepatitis C virus, anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and anti-HEV IgG. Four patients (2.8%) showed positivity for anti-HEV alone. Also, there was association between anti-HEV and anti-hepatitis A virus IgM, anti-cytomegalovirus IgM, anti-hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B surface antigen in seven (5%), four (2.8%), two (1.4%), and one patient (0.7%), respectively. It was concluded that HEV is present in Egypt and it can occur endemically as sporadic cases, and that the ELISA used can detect acute hepatitis E infection as well as probable past infection.

PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION CAUSING PURE RED CELL APLASIA IN A RECIPIENT OF PEDIATRIC DONOR KIDNEYS1

PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION CAUSING PURE RED CELL APLASIA IN A RECIPIENT OF PEDIATRIC DONOR KIDNEYS1

Antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome (case report)

Serum sample obtained from a male, 12 year old patient suffering from Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) was positive for human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western Blot analysis (WB). Attempts to isolate enteroviruses (including poliovirus) from faecal material in both tissue culture and suckling mice were unsuccessful; in addition, acute and convalescent paired serum samples did not show any evidence of recent poliovirus infection when tested against the three serotypes. Specific tests for detection of Epstein-Barr virus infection were not performed; however, the Paul-Bunnel test yielded negative results. ELISA for detection of anti-cytomegalovirus IgM was also negative. The concomitant occurrence of either adult T cell leukemia (ATL) or lymphoma was not recorded in this case.

Correlation between islet cell antibodies and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in healthy first-degree relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

To investigate whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be related to islet cell antibodies (ICA) production and/or to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) development, we have analyzed the prevalence of anti-CMV, IgM, and IgG antibodies and of ICA in 80 healthy siblings of IDDM patients (HSIDDP) and in 60 control subjects with negative familiar anamnesis of IDDM. HSIDDP and controls were also typed for HLA-A-B-C and DR antigens. IgM and IgG anti-CMV were detected by an ELISA method, whereas the ICA assay was performed by standard indirect immunofluorescence on 5-μm unfixed sections of human pancreas. HLA-A-B and C antigens were studied by standard microlymphocytotoxicity; DR antigens were also studied by a standard microlymphocytotoxicity on a B-enriched lymphocyte population. Our results indicate a significant association ( P < 0.0001) between high titers of anti-CMV IgG antibodies and ICA in HSDIDDP, whereas no correlation was found between the presence of any HLA-A-B-C and DR antigens and the prevalence of anti-CMV IgM and IgG antibodies and/or ICA. Thus, these data may support the hypothesis that a chronic CMV infection may be associated with ICA production whereas other factors seem to be needed for the complete development of type 1 diabetes.

Pattern of anti-cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies determined by immunoblotting

In order to improve the knowledge of the humoral immune response to CMV infection, we developed an immunoblotting technique which allowed a better analysis of the changes in the pattern of anti CMV-polypeptides IgM. We examined 234 sera belonging to 27 renal allograft recipients developing a primary or recurrent CMV infection and 12 non infected recipients. Thus we found that 11 main anti CMV-polypeptides IgM antibodies were present in over 25% of the infected patients. They reacted with proteins whose molecular weights ranged from 32K to 205K. We showed that anti-p 45-47 IgM antibodies were present in 100% of CMV infected recipients and never in the non-infected population. They appeared very early in the course of the infection (5.43 weeks post-graft for primary infection and 5.00 weeks for recurrent ones) and, therefore, constitute a good marker of active infection. Two other CMV-specific IgM antibodies (anti-p 60-64 and anti-p 100) were found exclusively in the course of primary infections. Anti-p 60-64 IgM was observed at a high frequency (57.1%) and with a mean delay of 6.57 weeks post-graft. Therefore, the anti-p 60-64 IgM detection could be helpful for the diagnosis of primary infection. In almost 100% of both primary and recurrent infections, we observed anti-p 140 and anti-p 38 IgM antibodies. Only about 50% of non-infected patients had low levels of anti-p 140 and anti-p 38 IgM. The follow-up of recurrent infections showed that the anti CMV-polypeptides IgM antibodies appeared earlier than in primary infection. When we compared anti-p 45-47 IgM detection by immunoblotting and anti-CMV IgM detected by ELISA we observed that immunoblotting permitted the diagnosis 2.5 weeks earlier for primary infection, and 1 week earlier for recurrent infection, than ELISA. In addition, the detection of anti-p 45-47 IgM antibodies also occurred earlier than virus excretion.

Clinical and immunological studies of Behçet's disease

8 patients with clinically diagnosed Behçet disease were immunologically investigated. Uveitis was present in 7 of these patients. Although uveitis is a rare presentation of Behçet's disease, it tends to be bilateral when it does occur and to involve both the anterior and posterior segments repeatedly. Nowadays it is rare to observe a hypopyon, thanks to early initiation of therapy. In the late stages, recurrent vitreous haemorrhage complicates the course of the disease and can lead to blindness. HLA-B5 can frequently be demonstrated in patients with Behçet's disease. Detailed serological investigations, as measles hemagglutination inhibition test+complement fixation test (CFT), rubella hemagglutination inhibition test, hepatitis HB2 antigen, adenovirus antigen, varicella zoster CFT, mumps CFT, herpes simplex CFT, anticytomegalovirus IgM and IgG, toxoplasmosis immunofluorescence, tuberculosis Middlebrock-Dubois, were unable to uncover a connection with past or present infections. Determinations of haptoglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and ceruloplasmin showed nothing worth remarking. Electrophoresis can indicate the duration of the illness. In 1 patient the lymphocyte adherence inhibition test was abnormal.

THE CORRELATION OF MATERNAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION DURING VARYING STAGES IN GESTATION WITH NEONATAL INVOLVEMENT

An obstetric population was prospectively followed for evidence of primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection during gestation. The cord serum of infants whose mothers had serologic evidence of infection was analyzed for the level of IgM and for the presence of specific anticytomegalovirus IgM antibodies. The progeny were cultured for cytomegalovirus. In the four cases of maternal infection identified, the cord sera were found to be positive by immunofluorescence for anticytomegalovirus IgM immunoglobulins and correlated with recovery of virus in the immediate neonatal period or beyond. There was a direct correlation between severity of neonatal infection and presumed duration of disease in utero. These observations suggest that cytomegalovirus is capable of infecting the products of conception irrespective of gestational age, and that the clinical manifestations of congenital cytomegalovirus infection appear to be primarily a reflection of the duration of infection in utero.

The correlation of maternal cytomegalovirus infection during varying stages in gestation with neonatal involvement

An obstetric population was prospectively followed for evidence of primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection during gestation. The cord serum of infants whose mothers had serologic evidence of infection was analyzed for the level of IgM and for the presence of specific anticytomegalovirus IgM antibodies. The progeny were cultured for cytomegalovirus. In the four cases of maternal infection identified, the cord sera were found to be positive by immunofluorescence for anticytomegalovirus IgM immunoglobulins and correlated with recovery of virus in the immediate neonatal period or beyond. There was a direct correlation between severity of neonatal infection and presumed duration of disease in utero. These observations suggest that cytomegalovirus is capable of infecting the products of conception irrespective of gestational age, and that the clinical manifestations of congenital cytomegalovirus infection appear to be primarily a reflection of the duration of infection in utero.