Anti-corruption Measures Research Articles

Effect of Political Stability on International Tourism in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of political stability on international tourism in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Political stability is essential for international tourism in Kenya, as stability fosters a sense of safety that attracts foreign visitors. During peaceful periods, Kenya sees growth in tourist arrivals and revenue, while political unrest, such as the post-election violence in 2007-2008, results in sharp declines as safety concerns deter tourists. Tourism in Kenya is highly sensitive to political fluctuations, with even minor instability affecting tourist perceptions. To sustain and grow its tourism sector, Kenya must prioritize political stability through effective governance, peaceful elections, and strong conflict resolution strategies, which will help build a resilient tourism industry. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social conflict theory, political economy theory & the institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of political stability on international tourism in Kenya. Implementing robust governance practices, such as transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption measures, will enhance the overall tourist experience and foster trust among potential visitors. Formulating policies that promote good governance and strengthen institutions will create a conducive environment for political stability.

DOMINANTS FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMIES’ COMPETITIVENESS

This article is devoted to innovation as a prerequisite for the national economies' sustainable development and a domain for their global competitiveness. The paper aims to highlight the internal essence of mutual relations between innovation, competition, and economic growth. It was assumed that innovation positively affected the competitive behaviour of economic agents and eventually contributed to an increase in public welfare. Regarding the period from 2007 to 2022, we considered the sample of Central European countries and the Baltic states. Theoretical generalization has been applied to systematize the factors determining competition and innovation. We used statistical methods and comparative analysis to investigate the indicators' dynamics. The interdependencies between macroeconomic dynamics and a set of competition and innovation indicators have been assessed. It was proved that the proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in the total value added of manufacturing was quite important, yet not the ultimate criterion for ensuring high growth rates and sustainable development. The dynamics of commercial spending on research and development had been ambiguous and unsustainable. To ensure strategic competitiveness, national governments should encourage innovation in their respective business communities. The sampled economies have been examined considering a set of innovation and competition indicators (e.g., gross capital formation, research and development expenditures, logistics performance, export technological structure, carbon dioxide emission, and renewable energy consumption). Considering the implications of globalization, tax burden as an integral characteristic of the national economy's competitiveness has been evaluated as well. It was pointed out that: a) a stable, understandable and transparent tax policy should be implemented to protect the investors' property rights; b) a system of total anti-corruption measures aimed at preventing the practices of receiving undue benefits should be set; and c) the business sector should improve own environmental and social responsibility complexly, introduce resource-saving, green and circular economy.

Competitive advantages of transparency: How anti-corruption initiatives can drive innovation and growth in the energy sector

This review examines the role of anti-corruption initiatives in driving innovation and growth within the energy sector, with a particular focus on emerging markets. As global demand for energy continues to rise, the imperative for ethical and transparent business practices grows stronger. This study synthesizes current literature on anti-corruption measures, transparency initiatives, and their impacts on competitive advantage in the energy industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies and empirical research, we identify several key mechanisms through which transparency can foster innovation and drive growth. These include enhanced stakeholder trust, improved access to capital, attraction of top talent, and the creation of an ethical corporate culture that encourages innovation. Our findings suggest that successful anti-corruption initiatives in the energy sector require a nuanced understanding of local contexts, strong leadership commitment, and the strategic use of technology. The review also highlights the potential of open data platforms and blockchain technology in facilitating transparency and compliance. By identifying key factors contributing to successful anti-corruption efforts and their subsequent impacts on innovation and growth, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers working towards a more transparent and innovative energy sector. Future research directions are proposed to further explore the long-term impacts and scalability of these initiatives across different market contexts.

Deliberation on continuous spread of corruption in South Africa

Corruption is widely spread in South Africa and is against the norms of honestly, morals, values, ethics, and good governance. The reasons of corruption may be individual (personal greed for luxury, power, authority), organisational (inadequate monitoring and evaluation, reporting processes), legislative (no compliance), strategic (lack of ethical culture), to state a few. The study is aimed to find answers to the following guiding research question, such as: what is the extent of corruption in South Africa? The qualitative study utilised secondary sources through the literature review of articles and document review of annual/official reports to gather relevant information. The information was further assessed using document analysis. The findings show that corruption is spreading at every level of government, and even public and private sectors are getting exposed to cases of misconduct. The country has established various legislative frameworks to combat corruption. The objectives of anti-corruption frameworks are operationalised through the establishment of anti-corruption organistaions. Some of them are Corruption Watch; National Anti-Corruption Advisory Council; Financial Intelligence Centre; Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse; and National Anti-Corruption Hotline. The findings show that although there are anti-corruption measures in place, the inadequate compliance may create implementation gaps, hence corruption keeps on spreading at political level, bureaucratic offices, and even in municipalities. The study suggests policy measures to minimise the scope and spread of corruption.

Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector: Causes, Consequences and Sustainable Solutions

Corruption in Nigeria's public sector has long hindered the nation's development, stability, and prosperity. It permeates various facets of governance and society, leading to detrimental consequences, including economic stagnation, social injustice, and the erosion of public trust. Historical factors, such as the legacy of colonial exploitation and successive post-independence governments' mismanagement, have entrenched a culture of corruption. Despite efforts to combat it, including the establishment of anti-corruption agencies like the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), corruption remains pervasive. This study adopts a qualitative research design to explore the complex dynamics of corruption in Nigeria's public sector. Using Albert Bandura's social learning theory as the theoretical framework, and it explores how corrupt behaviors are observed, imitated, and reinforced within the public administration. The research identifies multiple causes of corruption, including institutional weaknesses, economic pressures, and cultural norms, which create an environment conducive to corrupt practices. The consequences of corruption are enormous: It undermines economic growth and development, deters foreign direct investment, exacerbates poverty and inequality, erodes public trust in government, and fuels political unrest and instability. Addressing corruption requires a comprehensive approach involving the strengthening of institutional frameworks, promoting transparency and accountability, improving public sector management, and fostering a culture of ethical leadership. Sustainable solutions to combat corruption include; enhancing the capacities of anti-corruption agencies, to be independent of the executive body, implementing public procurement reforms, ensuring budget transparency, and enforcing stringent anti-corruption measures.

The Politics of Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria

This study on the Politics of Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria examined the intricate relationship between money politics and economic development in Nigeria. The economic development variable used in the study was proxied by Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) and the politics of poverty variable was proxied by the poverty rate in Nigeria while other variables used in this study were government spending and population growth. The data used for this study was obtained from the World Development Indicator and CBN Statistical Bulletin (2022). Also, the period under review was from 1980 to 2022. The study adopted secondary and annual data for the empirical analysis using the autoregressive distributed lagged model for investigating the relationships among the variables. The findings revealed a negative relationship between poverty and economic development in Nigeria. Also, government spending has a negative and statistically significant impact on poverty in Nigeria. The study therefore proposed actionable recommendations such as strengthening political institutions, enforcing anti-corruption measures, and ensuring that economic policies are designed and implemented with a focus on poverty reduction and inclusive growth. These measures are essential for fostering transparency, accountability, and sustainable development in Nigeria's political and economic spheres.

Has the Anti-Corruption Campaign Decreased Environmental Pollution? Evidence from China

Whether anti-corruption efforts help reduce environmental pollution is a hot topic in academia. This paper analyzes the impact of anti-corruption on the emissions of environmental pollutants using panel data from 31 provinces (municipalities) in China from 2015 to 2022. By using the 2018 supervision system reform as an exogenous policy shock, a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model is employed to examine the impact of the anti-corruption campaign on environmental pollutant emissions. The results show that the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures has strengthened over time, especially after the 2018 system reform, although these reforms exhibit a lag effect before significantly reducing pollution levels. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that due to the high-pollution, high-energy-consumption industrial structure, the pollution reduction effect of anti-corruption measures is more pronounced in resource-based provinces than in non-resource-based provinces. Our findings emphasize the importance of strengthening anti-corruption measures and establishing a sound legal framework to effectively curb corruption and enhance environmental protection.

Assessment of the Current Situation and Solutions to Attract Australian FDI Capital to Vietnam in the Context of International Integration

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a pivotal role in Vietnam’s economic transformation, significantly contributing to industrialization, job creation, and export growth. Since the introduction of the Law on Foreign Investment in 1987 and Vietnam’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2007, the country has emerged as a leading destination for foreign investors in Southeast Asia. Key sectors attracting FDI include manufacturing, real estate, and services, which have driven economic development and facilitated Vietnam’s integration into the global economy. Despite these successes, challenges remain that hinder FDI’s full potential, including administrative inefficiencies, complex regulations, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure. The shortage of highly skilled labor, especially in technology-driven fields, also limits the country's ability to attract higher-value FDI projects. Moreover, there are regional disparities in FDI distribution, with major urban centers like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi receiving most investments, while rural areas are often overlooked. The impact of new-generation Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), is also examined. These agreements enhance market access, legal protections for investors, and reduce trade barriers, making Vietnam increasingly attractive for high-tech and service industries. This paper assesses the current FDI landscape in Vietnam, identifying opportunities and challenges for foreign investors. Recommendations include simplifying business procedures, implementing anti-corruption measures, improving infrastructure, and enhancing workforce training to address skills gaps. By adopting these reforms, Vietnam can attract higher-quality investments, strengthen ties with global supply chains, and foster sustainable economic growth. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of building stronger partnerships between FDI enterprises and local firms to ensure the widespread distribution of investment benefits across the economy. With a more favorable investment climate, Vietnam can reinforce its position as a premier destination for global investors and enhance its role in the international market.

Blockchain Technology and Anti-corruption Measures in the Setting of Public Administration in Nigeria

Blockchain Technology and Anti-corruption Measures in the Setting of Public Administration in Nigeria

Health outcome convergence and the roles of public health financing and governance in Africa.

Progress in health outcomes across Africa has been uneven, marked by significant disparities among countries, which not only challenges the global health security but impede progress towards achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 10 (SDG 3 and SDG 10) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This paper examines the progress of African countries in reducing intra-country health outcome disparities between 2000 and 2019. In other words, the paper investigates the convergence hypothesis in health outcome using a panel data from 40 African countries. Data were sourced from the World Development Indicators, the World Governance Indicators, and the World Health Organization database. Employing a non-linear dynamic factor model, the study focused on three health outcomes: infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, and life expectancy at birth. The findings indicate that while the hypothesis of convergence is not supported for the selected countries, evidence of convergence clubs is observed for the three health outcome variables. The paper further examine the factors contributing to club formation by using the marginal effects of the ordered logit regression model. The findings indicate that the overall impact of the control variables aligns with existing research. Moreover, governance quality and domestic government health expenditure emerge as significant determinants influencing the probability of membership in specific clubs for the child mortality rate models. In the life expectancy model, governance quality significantly drives club formation. The results suggest that there is a need for common health policies for the different convergence clubs, while country-specific policies should be implemented for the divergent countries. For instance, policies and strategies promoting health prioritization in national budget allocation and reallocation should be encouraged within each final club. Efforts to promote good governance policies by emphasizing anti-corruption measures and government effectiveness should also be encouraged. Moreover, there is a need to implement regional monitoring mechanisms to ensure progress in meeting health commitments, while prioritizing urbanization plans in countries with poorer health outcomes to enhance sanitation access.

The eu’s policy towards modernizing the legislative framework on anti-corruption anti-corruption reforms in bulgaria

This article explores the EU’s anti-corruption legislation and policy framework, with a focus on Bulgarian reforms. It reviews key EU directives and institutions involved in combating corruption, and assesses Bulgaria’s progress and alignment with EU standards. The study examines the successes and challenges of Bulgarian anti-corruption measures through comparative analysis and case studies, offering insights into the effectiveness of these initiatives. Key EU bodies such as the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) are highlighted. Key terms include EU legislation, anti-corruption policy, Bulgaria, judicial reforms, and EU directives.

Analyzing the impact of anti-corruption reforms on wealth and power distribution in Roman Iberia: a historical and statistical perspective

Using historical analysis and statistical data, this study examines the impact of anti-corruption reforms on the distribution of wealth and power in Iberian Rome. Corruption in the Roman Republic posed serious challenges to just governance, and this led to reform initiatives to restore public trust and reduce the influence of corruption. This research examines the historical context of corruption and emphasizes its negative effects on wealth distribution and social equality. Important reforms implemented in the early imperial period, especially under Augustus, aimed to address these issues and temporarily improve economic conditions, especially in urban centers such as Taraco and Córdoba. However, the effectiveness of these reforms varied considerably across regions, with rural areas typically benefiting less due to the influence of elite interests. Statistical analyzes show that there is a complex relationship between anti-corruption measures and wealth concentration, such that despite initial successes, many regions have returned to pre-reform levels of inequality over time. The findings emphasize the need for continued political commitment and systemic change to ensure the sustainability of anti-corruption initiatives. By examining the Roman experience, this study provides valuable insights for contemporary anti-corruption efforts and emphasizes the importance of paying attention to power dynamics and strengthening social participation to promote equity and long-term transparency in governance.

Anti-corruption and firm innovation: political path dependence perspective

ABSTRACT Drawing on the concept of political path dependence, we hypothesise a positive impact of anti-corruption measures on firm innovation, illustrating how businesses can benefit from both eliminating illegal political ties (‘cleaning house’) and cultivating lawful relationships with the government (‘hosting new guests’). By analysing a sample of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2015 using the PSM-DID model, we demonstrate that anti-corruption campaigns enhance innovation performance. Specifically, anti-corruption efforts sever the nexus of interests between government and businesses, curbing corporate expenditures on rent-seeking activities. Firms located in regions with stringent governmental oversight have experienced significant improvements in innovation outputs following the implementation of anti-corruption policies, particularly private-owned enterprises. This study provides empirical support for the benefits of anti-corruption from the perspective of political path dependence, offering valuable insights for governments aiming to bolster firm innovation through improved public governance and legal frameworks.

Правове регулювання запобігання корупційним проявам в діяльності державної прикордонної служби в Україні в умовах воєнного стану

The article analyzes the legal regulation on the prevention of corruption in the activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine (SBSU) during martial law. Corruption poses a significant risk to national security, the efficiency of public resource management, economic development, and the stability of government. The legal definition of corruption refers to the use of official powers to obtain an unlawful benefit. In the context of martial law, the DPSU faced increased threats of corruption, in particular when controlling the state border. The article analyzes the main categories of anti-corruption legislation, including the prevention, prevention, prevention and counteraction of corruption, and also examines measures that can effectively reduce corruption risks in public administration. The main initiatives for the prevention of corruption cover a wide range of legal, organizational and educational measures aimed at eliminating the causes and conditions that can contribute to the commission of illegal actions.Effective management and control of state borders becomes especially important during martial law, when national security depends on the reliability of anti-corruption measures. In this context, the improvement of the legislative framework regulating the activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine, in particular regarding granting it the status of administrator of the Unified State Register of conscripts, conscripts and reservists, is important for strengthening control and reducing corruption risks at the border. Such changes will not only ensure more effective monitoring and compliance of border crossers with military and legal obligations, but will also help prevent the illegal movement of people across the border. These measures play a key role in ensuring the country’s internal stability and defense capability, especially in the face of military threats. Updating the legislation will also strengthen the legality of border service actions and increase their transparency, which is necessary to maintain citizens’ trust in state institutions.

Боротьба з корупцією в українському публічному секторі: оцінка ефективності антикорупційних стратегій та шляхи подальшого вдосконалення

The article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of anti-corruption strategies in the Ukrainian public sector and the determination of ways of their further improvement. The main problems that hinder the successful fight against corruption in the state structures of Ukraine are investigated, and the existing strategies and their results are analysed. Based on the collected information, specific recommendations are offered to improve the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures in the public sector. One of the main factors complicating the fight against corruption in Ukraine is the insufficient effectiveness of the legal system, the weakness of law enforcement agencies, and the lack of a clear political will to carry out reforms. Insufficient coordination between various authorities and insufficient control over their activities is often observed, which makes it difficult to detect and punish corruption offences. In the context of anti-corruption strategies in Ukraine, several legislative acts were adopted and specialized agencies, such as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau and the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office, were established. However, some of these measures have not produced the expected results due to insufficient financial support, political pressure or ineffective management. To further improve anti-corruption strategies, it is important to pay attention to several aspects. First, it is necessary to ensure greater transparency and openness in the activities of state bodies, in particular, by implementing a system of electronic document circulation and public reporting. Secondly, it is important to strengthen the mechanisms of control over the activities of public officials and ensure their independence frompolitical influence. Thirdly, it is necessary to reformthe judicial systemto ensure objective examination of corruption cases and imposition of appropriate punishments.

Ethical Issues Confronting Indonesia: An In-Depth Analysis of the Hambalang Corruption Case and its Impact on Anticorruption Measures and Governance

This study conducts a nuanced examination of ethical challenges confronting Indonesia, centering on the Hambalang corruption case. Through an indepth analysis, the study scrutinizes the intricate ethical dimensions of the scandal and investigates its broader ramifications on anti-corruption measures and governance in the nation. The research aspires to offer nuanced insights into the complex interplay between ethics, governance, and corruption, aiming to contribute to the ongoing discourse on ethical governance and anti-corruption strategies in Indonesia.

Tackling Corruption in the Public Sector: Innovative Approaches and Policy Reforms

Corruption in the public sector remains a significant challenge that undermines governance, economic growth, and public trust. This paper examines innovative approaches and policy reforms aimed at addressing corruption in public institutions. By exploring case studies from various countries, the research identifies successful strategies that incorporate technology, transparency, and accountability. Digital solutions such as blockchain, e-governance systems, and data analytics have emerged as effective tools in reducing corrupt practices by improving transparency in public procurement, financial transactions, and service delivery. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of fostering a culture of integrity within public institutions through ethical leadership, whistleblower protections, and comprehensive legal frameworks. Policy reforms, including the implementation of anti-corruption agencies, stronger regulatory oversight, and international cooperation, are also discussed as essential components in the fight against corruption. The findings suggest that a multi-faceted approach combining technological innovations, institutional reforms, and public participation is critical to curbing corruption in the public sector. This study contributes to the broader discourse on governance and offers actionable insights for policymakers seeking to implement effective anti-corruption measures.

Structural Analysis for Assessing the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Strategies on Public Trust

Anti-corruption initiatives are critical tools in the fight against unethical behavior, selling transparency and integrity in both the public and commercial sectors. This study explores the efficacy of anti-corruption techniques on public trust in organizations. Using a dataset comprising 300 employees from a legal aid center, the research assesses the impact of diverse anti-corruption measures on Public Trust Score (PTS). Data turned into collected through surveys measuring the Transparency Index (TI), Accountability Index (AI), Effectiveness of Oversight Bodies (EOB), Public Awareness Level (PAL), and Quality of Anti-Corruption Training (QACT). SPSS was employed for analysis, consisting of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Pearson correlation was used to assess the significance and direction of the correlation between each independent variable and the dependent variable, and Multiple Linear regressions (MLR) was used to assess the influence of numerous independent variables. Simultaneously at the dependent variable. The findings imply that more advantageous transparency, accountability, and powerful oversight significantly enhance public acceptance, while public recognition and training quality have a notable but lesser impact.

Mennyire lehet eredményes egy compliance program, ha a dolgozókat frusztráció vagy bosszú- és megtorlásvágy vezérli?

The author provides a comparison of German and Hungarian anti-corruption measures, in particular, compliance programs.

The Rate of Corruption in Local Municipalities Harshly Offsets Revenue Enhancement Strategies on Property Clearances and Transfers of Properties: A Case of Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality

Corruption within local municipalities remains a significant obstacle to economic development and public trust, particularly in the context of property clearances and transfers. This study examines the extent to which corruption within the Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality undermines revenue enhancement strategies designed to streamline property clearances and transfers. By employing a mixed-methods approach, this research highlights the discrepancies between policy intentions and actual practices. The findings suggest that corruption significantly hampers the effectiveness of these revenue enhancement strategies, leading to inefficiencies and public dissatisfaction. The study draws on primary data collected from municipal employees, property owners, and real estate professionals. Interviews and surveys reveal a pervasive culture of bribery and nepotism that undermines formal procedures. Additionally, an analysis of municipal records uncovers irregularities in property clearance and transfer processes, suggesting systemic issues that require urgent attention. Addressing corruption in the Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality is crucial for restoring public trust and enhancing revenue from property transactions. The study proposes several policy recommendations, including stricter enforcement of anti-corruption measures, enhanced transparency, and improved accountability mechanisms. These strategies are essential for ensuring that property clearances and transfers are conducted fairly and efficiently, ultimately benefiting the local economy and community.