Anthropometric Indices Of Obesity Research Articles

Association between inflammatory potential of diet and anthropometric indicators of adiposity among a sample of Turkish university

Purpose The inflammatory potential of diet may play a role in the regulation of low-grade chronic inflammation derived from obesity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and anthropometric indicators of adiposity among Turkish adults. Design/methodology/approach The study sample consisted of 833 young adults (mean age = 23 ± 5.2 years). The inflammatory potential of the diet was evaluated with a DII. Data on dietary intake were collected by a single 24-h dietary recall, and DII was estimated from 25 dietary components. Also, the Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) adherence screener was applied using the 14-item assessment tool. Findings The proinflammatory diet was statistically associated with young (p < 0.001), singles (p < 0.001), high school degree (p = 0.011), students (p < 0.001), not working or unemployed (p < 0.001), eating outside (p = 0.016) and lower adherence to a Med-Diet (p = 0.027). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between the DII score and body weight (BW), waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (r = 0.107; p = 0.002, r = 0.092; p = 0.008, r = 0.115; p = 0.001, respectively). Besides, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between MED score and BW, WHtR and neck circumference (r = −0.101; p = 0.004, r = −0.084; p = 0.016, r = −0.175; p = 0.000, respectively). Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first Turkish study to assess the association between the anthropometric indicators of obesity and DII or adherence to Med-Diet in young adults. Lower DII scores and higher adherence to Med-Diet are related to the better status of anthropometric indicators of adiposity.

The frequency of selective functional foods consumption is related to improved anthropometric obesity indices: A cross-sectional study in Greek and Cyprian adults

Background: Obesity remains a public health problem. Recent, novel strategies suggest thefrequent inclusion of functional foods for better management of adiposity markers and obesityprevention. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate specific naturalfunctional foods of the Mediterranean Diet and innovative processed foods, enhanced withbioactive compounds, that they may present a possible beneficial role on this approach. Methods: In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, 319 Greeks and Cyprians, aged 18-75years were voluntary recruited in personal interviews. A validated Functional Food Frequency ofConsumption (FFFQ) was filled out, recording the frequency of selective functional foodsconsumption, following by anthropometric and body composition evaluations. Data collectionand statistical analysis were conducted, to assess the possible association of functional foodsfrequency of consumption with adiposity markers. Results: Olive oil is a main part of the daily diet of the representative sample of Greek andCyprian population and its frequency of intake was inversely related to body weight, taking intoaccount the lifestyle pattern and social parameters. Considering general habits andsociodemographic characteristics, Body Mass Index (BMI) was directly associated with thefrequency of consumption of split peas, turmeric, cinnamon, honey, whole wheat- and gluten-free pasta, as well as of gluten-free and enhanced bakeries. These functional food groups areconsumed by majority in a monthly basis, except of honey which is weekly consumed by themajority of the study population. Conclusion: The results suggest that the daily intake of olive oil, as the main characteristic ofMediterranean Diet, may be effective on body weight management. The frequency rise ofspecific spices, honey, functional pasta and bakeries consumption, may lead to increases inmarkers of adiposity. Further research is needed to safely conclude to these claims and theimplementation of nutritional treatment programs with functional foods may prove effective inthe prevention and management of obesity. Keywords: epidemiological study; functional foods; frequency of consumption; obesity;adiposity association; Greeks; Cyprians

Association of FoxP3<sup>+</sup> T regulatory lymphocytes with epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with coronary heart disease

Background. Increase ofthe epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness isassociated with development of inflammation and cardiovascular complications, however, there is no data on the relationship between EAT thickening and the number of immunosuppressive regulatory T lymphocytes.The aim. To study the number of circulating T regulatory lymphocytes and nuclear translocation ofthe FoxP3 transcription factor in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) depending on the epicardial adipose tissue thickness.Materials and methods. We examined 30 patients with chronic stable CHD. The EAT thickness was measured by echocardiography. Patients were divided into groups depending on the presence and absence of EAT thickening above 5 mm (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Imaging flow cytometry was used to determine the number of T regulatory lymphocytes and the level of FoxP3 nuclear translocation. The concentration of cytokines and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood serum.Results. Anthropometric indicators of obesity and the severity of atherosclerosis were comparable between groups. In group 2, there was an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (p = 0.043), ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol tohigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.017) and the concentration ofhsCRP (p = 0.044) andIL-1β (p = 0.005), adecrease in the number and relative count of Tregulatory lymphocytes (p = 0.020 andp = 0.026, respectively), aswellas thenumber of cells withFoxP3 nuclear translocation (p = 0.018) compared togroup1. According tomultiple logistic regression, the concentration ofhsCRP, IL-1β and T regulatory lymphocytes relative count in total were the predictors of EAT thickening (accuracy 80 %; sensitivity 75 %; specificity 84,6 %; AUC = 0.89).Conclusions. Thickening of epicardial adipose tissue inpatients withcoronary heart disease is associated with a decrease in the number of T regulatory lymphocytes andFoxP3 nuclear translocation inthem in presence of comparable anthropometric parameters of obesity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

Association of Anthropometric and CT-Based Obesity Indices with Subclinical Atherosclerosis.

Few studies have compared the strength in the associations of anthropometric and computed tomography (CT)-based obesity indices with coronary artery calcification (CAC), aortic artery calcification (AoAC), and aortic valve calcification (AVC). We assessed cross-sectcional associations of anthropometric and CT-based obesity indices with CAC, AoAC, and AVC. Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip ircumference, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and waist-to-height ratio in 931 men (mean age, 63.7 years) from a population-based cohort. CT images at the L4/5 level were obtained to calculate the areas of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), total adipose tissue (TAT), VAT-to-SAT ratio (VSR), and VAT-to-TAT ratio (VTR). CAC, AoAC, and AVC were quantified using the Agatston score based on CT scanning. CAC, AVC, and AoAC were present in 348 (62.6%), 173 (18.6%), and 769 (82.6%) participants, respectively. In multivariable models adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, and CT types (electron beam CT and multidetector row CT), anthropometric and CT-based obesity indices were positively associated with CAC (p＜0.01). Conversely, VAT-to-SAT ratio and VAT-to-TAT ratio were positively associated with AoAC (p＜0.01). Any obesity indices were not associated with AVC. The strength of the associations of obesity indices with subclinical atherosclerosis varied according to the anatomically distinct atherosclerotic lesions, among men.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity, cardiovascular risk, and anthropometric obesity indices in hemodialysis patients: A case-control study

Dietary total antioxidant capacity, cardiovascular risk, and anthropometric obesity indices in hemodialysis patients: A case-control study

Impact of Anthropometric Indices of Obesity on the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Adults with Prehypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study

This study aimed to investigate the impact of anthropometric indices of obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist hip ratio, and body fat percentage) on the incidence of hypertension in adults with prehypertension. A longitudinal study design using secondary data form the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study was employed. The study included 1,838 adults with prehypertension tracked every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical analyses, including frequency assessments, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox's proportional hazards regression, were conducted using SPSS version 25. Over the observation period (15,783.6 person-years), 1,136 individuals developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the obesity groups defined by BMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33), waist circumference (HR = 1.34), waist hip ratio (HR = 1.29), and body fat percentage (HR = 1.31) compared to the non-obese group. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypertension associated with obesity as measured by these indices. The study underscores the importance of avoiding obesity to prevent hypertension in individuals with prehypertension. Specifically, BMI, waist circumference, waist hip circumference, and body fat percentage were identified as significant risk factors for hypertension. The results suggest the need for individualized weight control interventions, emphasizing the role of health professionals in addressing the heightened hypertension risk in this population.

Does myo-inositol supplementation influence oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Myo-inositol (MI) is a carbocyclic sugar polyalcohol. MI has known to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MI supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 51 newly diagnosed obese patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either MI (4 g/day) or placebo supplements accompanied by dietary recommendations for 8 weeks. Oxidative stress biomarkers, nutritional status, as well as liver enzymes and obesity indices were assessed pre- and post-intervention. A total of 48 patients completed the trial. Although anthropometric measures and obesity indices decreased significantly in both groups, the between-group differences adjusted for confounders were non-significant for these parameters, except for weight (p = .049); greater decrease was observed in the MI group. Iron and zinc intakes decreased significantly in both groups; however, between-group differences were non-significant at the end of the study. No significant between-group differences were revealed for other antioxidant micronutrients at the study endpoint. Sense of hunger, feeling to eat, desire to eat sweet and fatty foods reduced significantly in both groups (p < .05), while the feeling of satiety increased significantly in the placebo group (p = .002). No significant between-group differences were observed for these parameters, except for desire to eat fatty foods; a greater decrease was observed in the MI group (p = .034). Serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in both study groups (p < .05); however, the between-group differences were non-significant at the end of the study. Furthermore, the between-group differences were non-significant for other oxidative stress biomarkers, except for serum nitric oxide (NO) level; a greater decrease was observed in the MI group. MI supplementation could significantly improve weight, desire to eat fatty foods, serum levels of NO, as well as the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio.

Alzheimer's Disease: Causal Effect between Obesity and APOE Gene Polymorphisms.

Currently studies on the correlation between obesity and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still unclear. In addition, few indicators have been used to evaluate obesity, which has failed to comprehen-sively study the correlations between body fat mass, body fat distribution, and AD. Thus, this study innovatively utilized bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the key targets of obesity-induced AD, and investigate the causal associations between different types of obesity and key targets. The common targets of obesity and AD were screened using the GeneCards database, and functional and pathway annotations were carried out, thereby revealing the key target. MR analysis was conducted between body anthropometric indexes of obesity and the key target using an IVW model. Bioinformatics analysis revealed Apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the key target of obesity-induced AD. MR results showed that body mass index (BMI) had a negative causal association with APOE2, while body fat percentage (BFP) and trunk fat percentage (TFP) had no significant causal association with APOE2; BMI, BFP, and TFP had a negative causal association with APOE3, and none had any significant causal association with APOE4. In conclusion, there is a correlation between obesity and AD, which is mainly due to the polymorphism of the APOE gene rather than adipose tissue distribution. APOE3 carriers may be more susceptible to obesity, while the risk of AD caused by APOE2 and APOE4 may not be induced by obesity. This study sheds new light on current disputes. At the same time, it is suggested to regulate the body fat mass of APOE3 carriers in the early stage, and to reduce the risk of AD.

Metabolic Profile of Liver Transplant Recipients and Determinants of their Body Fat Distribution

Obesity and diabetes mellitus epidemics exert a measurable impact on the liver transplant (Ltx) population. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of Ltx recipients and its association with body fat distribution. Adults who underwent de novo elective cadaveric-donor Ltx were eligible. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on the adapted International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. We recruited 100 patients with a mean age of 54 years, of whom 70% were men. Overall, 54% met the criteria for MS, most of which comprised new-onset cases. Excessive fat accumulation in liver donors was found to be associated with an increased metabolic risk in liver recipients. Haemoglobin A1C (OR: 8.962, 95% CI: 2.188–84.545, p = 0.013), ferritin (OR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.005–1.054, p = 0.038), and de novo hypertriglycaeridemia (OR 27.957, 95% CI: 2.626–752.121, p = 0.014) were found to be independently associated with de novo MS. After a step-wise multivariate analysis, only the anthropometric obesity indices were significantly associated with abdominal fat distribution in Ltx recipients. Metabolic complications were common in liver recipients. Both pre- and post-Ltx factors impacted MS development in liver recipients and determined abdominal fat distribution.

Dietary intakes of methionine, threonine, lysine, arginine and histidine increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese population: does the mediation effect of obesity exist?

BackgroundPublished studies have shown positive associations of branched chain and aromatic amino acids with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the findings remain consistent. However, the associations of other essential and semi-essential amino acids, i.e., methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and histidine (His), with T2DM remain unknown. Obesity is an important independent risk factor for T2DM, and excessive amino acids can convert into glucose and lipids, which might underlie the associations of amino acids with obesity. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the associations between dietary intakes of these 5 amino acids and T2DM risk, as well as the mediation effects of obesity on these associations, in a Chinese population.MethodsA total of 10,920 participants (57,293 person-years) were included, and dietary intakes of 5 amino acids were investigated using 24-h dietary recalls. Anthropometric obesity indices were measured at both baseline and the follow-up endpoints. Associations of amino acids with T2DM were estimated using COX regression models, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were shown. The mediation effects of obesity indices were analyzed, and the proportion of the mediation effect was estimated.ResultsHigher intakes of the 5 amino acids were associated with increasing T2DM risk, while significant HRs were only shown in men after adjustments. No interaction by gender was found. Regression analyses using quintiles of amino acids intakes showed that T2DM risk was positively associated with amino acids intakes only when comparing participants with the highest intake levels of amino acids to those with the lowest intake levels. Adjusted correlation coefficients between amino acid intakes and obesity indices measured at follow-up endpoints were significantly positive. Mediation analyses showed that mediation effects of obesity indices existed on associations between amino acids intakes and T2DM risk, and the mediation effect of waist circumference remained strongest for each amino acid.ConclusionsWe found positive associations of dietary intakes of Met, Thr, Lys, Arg and His with increasing T2DM risk in general Chinese residents, on which the mediation effect of obesity existed. These findings could be helpful for developing more constructive guidance in the primary prevention of T2DM based on dietary interventions.

Association between visceral fat mass and arterial stiffness among community-based screening participants.

Obesity and arterial stiffness are important risk factors for disease development. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness remains unclear. We examined the relationship of visceral fat area (VFA) and anthropometric obesity indices with arterial stiffness. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2 789 participants (50% women) who underwent both VFA and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements during health checkups. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI) were assessed. Visceral fat area was quantified using abdominal computed tomography. In women, VFA and all anthropometric indices positively correlated with age. In men, VFA, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI positively correlated with age; BMI inversely correlated with age; and WC did not correlate with age. Visceral fat area significantly correlated with anthropometric indices, but its correlation with ABSI was modest. In women, baPWV showed modest correlations with VFA and anthropometric indices and little correlations with BMI. In men, baPWV modestly correlated with VFA, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI, but inversely correlated with BMI and did not significantly correlate with WC. The multivariable-adjusted model showed that VFA and anthropometric indices, except ABSI, were inversely associated with baPWV; however, they were positively associated with metabolic syndrome components, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. A body-shaped index weakly associated positively with baPWV, but misclassified individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome components. Visceral fat area and most anthropometric obesity indices were positively associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, but inversely associated with baPWV. Visceral fat area and anthropometric indices, except a body-shaped index, were inversely associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity but positively associated with metabolic syndrome components, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia.

Causal relationship between obesity and iron deficiency anemia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have suggested an association between obesity and iron deficiency anemia, but such studies are susceptible to reverse causation and residual confounding. Here we used Mendelian randomization to assess whether the association might be causal. Data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms that might be associated with various anthropometric indicators of obesity were extracted as instrumental variables from genome-wide association studies in the UK Biobank. Data on genetic variants in iron deficiency anemia were extracted from a genome-wide association study dataset within the Biobank. Heterogeneity in the data was assessed using inverse variance-weighted regression, Mendelian randomization Egger regression, and Cochran's Q statistic. Potential causality was assessed using inverse variance-weighted, Mendelian randomization Egger, weighted median, maximum likelihood and penalized weighted median methods. Outlier SNPs were identified using Mendelian randomization PRESSO analysis and "leave-one-out" analysis. Inverse variance-weighted regression associated iron deficiency anemia with body mass index, waist circumference, trunk fat mass, body fat mass, trunk fat percentage, and body fat percentage (all odds ratios 1.003-1.004, P ≤ 0.001). Heterogeneity was minimal and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was found. Our Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that obesity can cause iron deficiency anemia.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis are strongly associated with estimated 10-years cardiovascular risk in people living with severe obesity

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Cardiometabolic health, diabetes and obesity research network IUCPQ Foundation. Background Obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] over 30 kg/m2) is associated with metabolic disturbances that promote the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the association between anthropometric indices of obesity (BMI, Waist Circumference [WC], Waist-to-Hip ratio [WHR] or Neck Circumference [NC]) and CVD risk factors has not always been observed in people living with severe obesity (BMI &amp;gt;35 kg/m2). Among obesity-related metabolic disorders, non-alcoholic ateatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with an increased risk of CVD and cardiac events. NASH has been shown to correlate with a degree of obesity, as defined by BMI or WC. The association between anthropometric parameters, NASH and CVD risk factors has not been explored yet in people living with severe obesity. Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between CVD risk score, anthropometric parameters and the presence of NASH (hepatic steatosis and fibrosis) in a population with severe obesity. Method A total of 2257 patients with severe obesity, who underwent bariatric surgery with concomitant liver biopsy were included. All biopsy specimens were classified according to the Brunt grading system. Pre-operative demographic and anthropometric data (age, sex, weight, height, BMI, WC, WHR, NC) were recorded. Comorbidities were assessed (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). The 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated preoperatively in each patient using the Framingham risk score (FRS). Dependent variable FRS was compared using Kruskal Wallis H test and Chi2 exact test. Associations were tested using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In this specific population (mean age of 46.2 years old, mean BMI of 47.8 kg/m2, 69.1% female), FRS did not significantly increase with weight, BMI and WC, but was positively correlated with WHR and NC (p&amp;lt;0.05). A total of 47.3 % of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of NASH had a moderate-to-high FRS. Among NASH patients with histopathological evidence of grade-4 fibrosis, 69.3% had a moderate-to-high FRS. Presence of NASH and fibrosis were more strongly correlated with a moderate-to-high FRS (OR of 1.61 and 1.37, respectively), compared to all other anthropometric parameters (p&amp;lt;0.05), except WHR (OR of 1.99). Conclusion In people living with severe obesity, the presence of NASH and hepatic fibrosis is strongly associated with a high FRS but not more than WHR. Further research is needed to identify the best predictors of CVD and cardiac events in people living with NASH and severe obesity.

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ASSOCIATED RISK PREDICTORS AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure (HBP) is a most common non-communicable disease. Childhood HBP is a major public health problem worldwide as it tracks to adulthood. HBP was associated with obesity. Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of high blood pressure in Indian adolescents and its association with various anthropometric obesity indices. Methods: The study was conducted among school students aged 11-17 years. Blood pressure was measured using digital oscillometric blood pressure monitor. Anthropometric parameters like height, weight, Neck circumference, Waist circumference and Hip circumference were assessed using standard methods. BMI, Neck height ratio and waist height ratio were calculated. Blood pressure status was evaluated on the basis of American Academy of Pediatrics guideline. SBP and/or DBP &gt; 95th percentile in children below 13 years and 130/80 or above in adolescent 13 years or older was considered as high blood pressure. The association between BP and anthropometric parameters were examined. Results: A total 1272 students of class V-XII were participated in this study out of which 56.3% were female and 43.7% were male. 26.8% boys and 13.1% girls were under HBP category. Signicant positive correlation was observed between BP and body fat indices. Overweight and obesity were signicantly associated with risk of hypertension among boys and girls. Central obesity and upper body obesity were also associated with high blood pressure. Conclusion: Prevalence of high blood pressure in adolescent is alarming. Hypertension was signicantly associated with general obesity, abdominal obesity and upper body obesity. Thus screening of risk of high BP should be carried out in adolescents and initiate intervention to control the consequences of it.

Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on obesity indices and adipokines in adults: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

In the present study, we explored the effect of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on anthropometric indices of obesity, leptin, and adiponectin. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to August 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of curcumin/turmeric on obesity indices and adipokines were included. We applied the Cochrane quality assessment tool to evaluate the risk of bias. The registration number is CRD42022350946. Sixty eligible RCTs, with a total sample size of 3691 individuals were included for quantitative analysis. We found that supplementation with curcumin/turmeric significantly reduced body weight (WMD: -0.82 kg, 95% CI: -1.30, -0.35; p=0.001), body mass index (WMD: -0.30 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -0.53, -0.06, p=0.013), waist circumference (WMD: -1.31 cm, 95% CI: -1.94, -0.69, p < 0.001), body fat percentage (WMD: -0.88%, 95% CI: -1.51, -0.25, p=0.007), leptin (WMD=-4.46 ng/mL; 95% CI: -6.70, -2.21, p < 0.001), and increased adiponectin (WMD=2.48 μg/mL; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.62, p < 0.001). Overall, our study shows that supplementation with curcumin/turmeric significantly improves anthropometric indices of obesity and adiposity-related adipokines (leptin and adiponectin). However, due to high between-studies heterogeneity, we should interpret the results with caution.

Comparison of triglyceride-glucose index and anthropometric obesity indices in predicting severe grades of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among non-diabetic obese individuals

Comparison of triglyceride-glucose index and anthropometric obesity indices in predicting severe grades of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among non-diabetic obese individuals

Body Mass Index is The Most Associated Anthropometry Indicators of Obesity with Insulin Resistance in Female College Students

Background: Dysfunction of body tissues due to excessive food consumption is often referred to obesity. Excess storage of visceral fat can develop insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can illustrate the early risk of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to identify the association between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 163 female students aged 19-24 years who live in Semarang. This is a cross sectional study with a purposive sampling method using the "google form". Anthropometric data that were collected in this study include weight, height, waist cirrcumference, hip, sagittal abdominal diameter. Biochemical data that were collected include blood sugar and insulin levels. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test.Results: Anthropometric indicators with high risk were 72.4% for Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR); 22.1% for Waist Hip Ratio (WHR); 35.6% for Body Mass Index (BMI); 12.2% for Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD) and 55.2% for waist cirrcumference. Meanwhile, subjects with high Fasting Blood Glucose levels was 16.6%, subjects had the Conicity Index (C-Index) at risk was 74.8% and based on the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) it was 23.9% of the participants were at risk of obesity and high Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 74.2%. Anthropometric indicators of obesity, including Conicity Index, Relative Fat Mass, WHtR, WHR, BMI, SAD, and waist and hip ratio were all positively associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, multivariate analysis showed that an increase in body mass index is an indicator that is most associated with the insulin resistance (p&lt;0,001).Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with insulin resistance.

Cut-off points for anthropometric indices to screen for hypertension among Iranian adults of the Bandare-Kong cohort: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundObesity is one of the major determinants of blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the optimal sex- and age-specific cut-off points of anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), wrist circumference (WrC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR), to screen for hypertension (HTN) in a cohort of Iranian adults aged 35 to 70 years, and to compare the predictive performance of the indices based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.MethodsThis population-based study was carried out on the participants aged 35 to 70 years of the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort Study, a part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). Using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Youden's J index, optimal sex- and age-specific cut-off points of the anthropometric indices in association with HTN were calculated.ResultsThis study included a total of 2256 females and 1722 males. HTN was diagnosed in 736 females (32.6%) and 544 males (31.6%). The optimal cut-off of WC for HTN was 90 cm in males and 95 cm in females, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.60 and 0.64, respectively. For HC, the optimal cut-off was 95 cm for males and 108 cm for females (AUROC = 0.54 for both). Moreover, WrC optimal cut-offs were 17 cm for males (AUROC = 0.56) and 15 cm for females (AUROC = 0.57). As for BMI, the optimal cut-off was 25 kg/m2 in males and 27 kg/m2 in females (AUROC of 0.59 and 0.60, respectively). Also, a cut-off of 0.92 was optimal for WHR in males (AUROC = 0.64) and 0.96 in females (AUROC = 0.67). On the other hand, WHtR optimal cut-offs were 0.52 for males and 0.60 for females (AUROC of 0.63 and 0.65, respectively).ConclusionsWHR and WHtR, as anthropometric indices of obesity, were demonstrated to be significant predictors of HTN. Further, we suggest using WHR (cut-off point of 0.92 for males and 0.96 for females) and WHtR (cut-off point of 0.52 for males and 0.60 for females) as measures of preference to predict HTN among the southern Iranian population. Further multicenter longitudinal studies are recommended for a more accurate prediction of HTN.

Pararenalfat Tissue: Rate of Pararenal Obesity and Relation with Anthropometric Indices of Obesity

Aim. To study a rate of excessive pararenal fat tissue (PRFT) thickness and its relationship with anthropometric obesity indices.Material and methods. 372 patients (152 men and 220 women) were included in the study, the average age was 63.5±13.3 years. There were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), WC/height ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), body fat percentage (BFP), body surface area (BSA), body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral obesity index (VAI). All subjects underwent abdominal multispiral computed tomography. PRFT thickness was detected on a single slice at the level of the left renal vein.Results. 27% of the examined group had BMI&lt;25 kg/m2, 28% – excessive body mass, 45% – obesity. The median PRFT thickness was 1.61 (1.03; 2.46) cm. There were correlations between PRFT thickness and glucose (r=0,64, p&lt;0,05) and uric acid (r=0,46, p&lt;0,05) levels. The threshold of referential PRFT thickness was 1,91cm. The rate of pararenal obesity was 9,9% among those with normal body mass, 29,3% in excessive body mass, 66,1% – in 1 class obesity, 67,7% – in 2 class, and 90,1% – in 3 class. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the PRFT thickness and obesity indices with exception of VAI and BAI: with BMI (r=0.43, p&lt;0.05), WC (r=0.57, p&lt;0.05), SAD (r=0.58, p&lt;0.05), BFP (r=0.48, p&lt;0.05), WC/height ratio (r=0.46, p&lt;0.05), and BSA (r=0.58, p&lt;0.05).Conclusion. Excessive PRFT may be detected isolated without any external anthropometric signs of obesity, wherein it is an active component of metabolic disorders typical for obesity. The most significant indices for the detection of pararenal obesity may be WC, SAD, and BSA.

Atherogenic lipoprotein profile associated with anthropometric indices of obesity and their association with cardiometabolic risk markers: a cross-sectional study in community

Abstract Background Obesity, especially abdominal fat accumulation, is strongly associated with various metabolic comorbidities. Whether simple anthropometric measures are independently associated with atherogenic lipoproteins is not completely clear. Methods We randomly recruited 505 participants (51.5% women; mean age: 48.8 years) from the Flemish community, who had undergone lipoprotein particle measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and conventional lipid measurements. Each lipoprotein fraction was subgrouped into large, medium, and small subclass. Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and defined BMI obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and WHR obesity as WHR ≥0.85 (women) or 0.9 (men). Results In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, total very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle and its subclasses were positively associated with BMI obesity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for total VLDL: 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–3.31) and WHR obesity (OR for total VLDL: 2.06 [95% CI: 1.55–2.73]). The level of total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle and its subclass was negatively associated with BMI (OR for total HDL: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.45–0.90), but not with WHR (P≥0.11). None of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles was associated with the two types of obesity (P≥0.092). BMI was inversely associated with the size of LDL and HDL particles, whereas high WHR was significantly associated with smaller VLDL and HDL sizes. For conventional lipid measures, both BMI and WHR were independently associated with high triglyceride and remnant cholesterol, both mainly driven from VLDL particles, and low HDL cholesterol (P≤0.008). These associations were confirmed in multivariable linear regression analysis, except the association of BMI with HDL number and the association of WHR with HDL size. With partial least squares analysis, the lipoprotein profiles of BMI and WHR were significantly associated with a high 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score, the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and C-reactive protein. Conclusion BMI and WHR were independently associated with high triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, decreased HDL cholesterol. The size of LDL and HDL was more consistently associated with BMI than WHR. The lipoprotein alterations may link obesity with high cardiometabolic risk. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): The European Research Council; the European Research Area Net for Cardiovascular Diseases