Anthropometric Measurements In Women Research Articles

Milk protein concentrate supplementation improved appetite, metabolic parameters, adipocytokines, and body composition in dieting women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDairy consumption is associated with many health benefits. However, to our knowledge, no clinical trials examined the effects of milk protein concentrate (MPC) on metabolic health in overweight and obese adults. This study investigated the effect of supplementation with MPC on glycaemic status, lipid profile, biomarkers of inflammation, and anthropometric measurements in women with obesity under a weight loss diet.MethodsThis is a single-blind, open-labelled, parallel-group, randomized trial. Forty-four healthy women with obesity were randomized into a control (n = 22) or MPC (n = 22) group. Participants in the MPC group were supplemented with 30 g of MPC per day for 8 weeks. Both groups were on a calorie-restricted diet plan with 800 Kcal lower intakes than their needs. Blood samples, dietary intake, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsMPC group had a significantly lower body mass index (P = 0.009), waist circumference (P = 0.013), fat mass (P = 0.021), appetite score (P = 0.002), fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.027), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.025), and leptin (P = 0.014) levels and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001) and adiponectin (P = 0.032) compared to the control group after supplementation. Lean body mass, total cholesterol, and triglyceride did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).ConclusionDaily intake of 30 g of MPC for 8 weeks may improve several anthropometric and metabolic markers in women with obesity under a hypocaloric diet.

Postpartum life interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disease that seriously endangers life and health, but women with gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of postpartum lifestyle intervention on the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the effect of lifestyle intervention on glycemic outcomes and anthropometric measures. We searched PubMed and other databases to retrieve articles published before May 21, 2023, on randomized controlled trials of postnatal lifestyle interventions (diet and/or physical activity) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. We estimated the pooled odds ratios using fixed or random effects models and conducted a subgroup analysis of the different intervention methods to explore differences in the different lifestyle interventions. The review included 17 randomized controlled trials. Overall, lifestyle changes started after a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus an 11% (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74-1.07) reduction in diabetes risk; significant differences were found for weight (MD = -1.33; 95% CI: [-1.76; -0.89], P < 0.00001) body mass index (MD = -0.53; 95% CI: [-0.74, -0.32], P < 0.00001), and waist circumference change (MD = -1.38; 95% CI: [-2.12; -0.64], P = 0.0002) but not for fasting glucose (MD = -0.06; 95% CI: [-0.19; 0.06], P = 0.32), 2 h glucose (MD = -0.12; 95% CI: [-0.30; 0.06], P = 0.19), and hemoglobin A1c (MD = -0.11; 95% CI: [-0.23; 0.02], P = 0.09). Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences in the effects of different lifestyle interventions on the incidence of type 2 diabetes, blood glucose levels, and anthropometric parameters. Our comprehensive meta-analysis of lifestyle interventions can improve modifiable anthropometric measures in women with gestational diabetes. We need further research to provide more intensive lifestyle intervention, more scientific intervention methods, and to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with gestational diabetes.

The Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Anthropometric Measurements in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - A Narrative Review

The Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Anthropometric Measurements in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - A Narrative Review

The relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and energy and macronutrients intakes during pregnancy in women from Yucatan, Mexico

In this observational study, our aim was to analyse the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and adequacy rates of energy and macronutrient intakes in a sample of pregnant women from Yucatan, Mexico. From September to December 2019, we collected data on socioeconomic, pregnancy, and dietary characteristics, and took anthropometric measurements of women during household visits. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated from measured height and self-reported body weight. Energy and macronutrient intakes (obtained from three 24-h dietary recalls) were compared with the estimated trimester-specific requirements to calculate adequacies (%). Multiple linear regression models showed that after accounting for maternal socioeconomic characteristics and perinatal variables, each unit increase in pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with decreases of 2%, 2%, and 2.6% in energy, carbohydrate, and total fat intakes, respectively. These results were significant when under- and over-reporters were excluded from the analyses. Women who enter pregnancy with higher BMI values may voluntarily or involuntarily reduce their food intake. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already know about this subject? Some studies have analysed the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, and obesity) and diet quality during pregnancy, but few studies have focussed on quantitative energy and macronutrient intakes or their adequacies in relation to pre-pregnancy BMI. What do the results of this study contribute? In this sample of Mexican women belonging to a middle socioeconomic status, we found that after excluding under- and over-reporters from the analyses and accounting for maternal socioeconomic characteristics and perinatal variables, BMI was negatively associated with adequacy intake rates of energy, carbohydrates, and total fats during pregnancy. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Women who enter pregnancy with higher BMI values may voluntarily or involuntarily reduce their food intake. These results can be used to accordingly plan diet counselling during pregnancy.

The Relationship between Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern with Anthropometric Measures in Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

The increasing trend of obesity prevalence is a serious health warning for people worldwide. Evaluation of anthropometric measures is essential for explaining individual's health status. Studies have investigated the effect of diet on inflammation. Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) was recently developed to empirically create a score for overall inflammatory potential of diet. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EDIP with anthropometric measures in women with overweight and obesity. In a cross-sectional study, the EDIP score was calculated for 301 participants from their food frequency questionnaire, who referred to health centers in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Anthropometric measures was assessed through multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. 49% (95% CI: 40.8 - 57.2) had positive EDIP score. A significant relationship was found between EDIP quartiles with weight (P=0.004), BMI (P=0.012), FM (P=0.013), WC (P=0.003) and WHR (P=0.031). Those individuals in the lowest group of EDIP score had significantly lower weight, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, Waist Circumference and Waist to Hip Ratio, compared to those with highest inflammation score. A significant relationship was found between EDIP with anthropometric measures in women with overweight and obesity, supporting the hypothesis that an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with decreasing trend of weight, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, Waist Circumference and Waist to Hip Ratio.

Association of dietary patterns, number of daily meals and anthropometric measures in women in age of menopause.

To investigate the association of dietary patterns, number of daily meals and anthropometric measures among women in age of menopause. This was a transversal study with 320 women over 50 years old from Caxias do Sul, Brazil. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Multiple linear regression was performed. Three dietary patterns: regional, fruits and vegetables, and common Brazilian was identified by Principal Component Analysis. After adjustment, higher adoption of the regional dietary pattern was associated with increased BMI (β = 0.56 [CI95% = 0.03-1.08], p = 0.037) and WC (β = 1.28 [CI95% = 0.17-2,55], p = 0.047). The highest number of meals per day (>=5/day) was associated with reduced BMI (β = -1.18 [CI95% = -2.30 to -0.05], p = 0.041) and WC (β = -2.77 [CI95% = -5.41 to -0.13], p = 0.039), and a mid-afternoon snack BMI (β = -2.16 [CI95% = -3.66 to -0.65], p = 0.005) and WC (β = -5.76 [CI95% = -9.29 to -2.23], p = 0,001). The regional dietary pattern was inversely associated with have five or more meals per day (β = -0.51 [CI95% = -0.84 to -0.18], p = 0.002) and have a mid-afternoon snack (β = -0.63 [CI95% = -1.07 to -0.18], p = 0.006). The fruit and vegetables dietary pattern was positively associated with have five or more meals per day (β = 0.35 [CI95% = 0.02-0.69], p = 0.034). The regional dietary pattern has resulted in higher BMI and WC measures and contributes to decreased meals per day, behavior associated with higher anthropometric measures.

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality in women and men in the UK biobank: Comparisons with influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease.

Obesity is associated with severe COVID‐19 outcomes, yet, it is unclear whether the risk of COVID‐19 mortality associated with obesity is similar between the sexes. We used data from the UK Biobank to assess the risk of COVID‐19 mortality associated with various anthropometric measures in women and men. To put these results in context, we also compared these estimates with those for mortality from influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease (CHD). The analyses included 502 493 individuals (54% women), of whom 410 (36% women) died from COVID‐19, 549 (36% women) died from influenza/pneumonia and 3355 (19% women) died from CHD. A higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and waist‐to‐height ratio were each associated with a greater risk of death from COVID‐19, influenza/pneumonia and CHD in both sexes, with the exception of the association between higher BMI and the risk of influenza/pneumonia death in men. A higher BMI was associated with a stronger risk of COVID‐19 mortality in women than men; the women‐to‐men ratio of hazard ratios was 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.00; 1.43). This study demonstrates the role of obesity in COVID‐19 mortality and shows that the relative effects of a higher BMI on COVID‐19 mortality may be stronger in women than men.

Evaluation of The Effects of Raisins and Hazelnuts Added To the Diet on Lipid Profiles and Anthropometric Measurements in Women with Hyperlipidemia

Evaluation of The Effects of Raisins and Hazelnuts Added To the Diet on Lipid Profiles and Anthropometric Measurements in Women with Hyperlipidemia

The Impact of High Intensity Interval Training and Anthropometric Changes in Women

This mini review highlights three recent pilot studies that have shown promising results in women, specific to the impact of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and changes in anthropometric measurements in women.

Dietary determinants of obesity among Mexican women

Introduction Lifestyle and dietary habits in the Mexican population have dramatically changed in the last 20 years, reflected in an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in both urban and rural adult populations. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican adults is 38.8% and 32.4%, respectively. In adults, abdominal obesity is more prevalent among women than men (82.8% versus 64.5%, respectively). In women over 60 years of age, overweight and obesity rates are even greater—nearly 40% are overweight and 35.5% obese. A healthy diet has been shown to prevent weight gain. It is therefore important to investigate dietary factors that are most strongly associated with obesity in this highly obese population group. Dietary patterns are used to assess the overall diet. One approach to evaluate dietary patterns is to use a priori patterns which are based on dietary recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between the consumption of food groups and a priori defined dietary patterns and anthropometric measures in women from the CAMA study. Methods Our study population is based on 1062 women (35 to 69-years-old) from the control group of the CAMA study, which is a multi-centre population-based case-control study on breast cancer conducted in Mexico. Each woman was interviewed via personal interview during which dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. The indices used in the study are the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Diet Quality Index (DQI) score. To estimate associations of food groups and dietary patterns with anthropometric measures, generalized linear regression models were used and adjusted for potential confounders, such as age, centre and educational level. Results Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) among the participants were 51.1 (years), 30.5 (kg/m2), 99.4 (cm), 109.3 (cm) and 0.91, respectively. When individual food groups were examined, a higher consumption of legumes was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). Regarding dietary patterns, a higher adherence to MDS was associated with lower WC. We did not observe any significant association between other food groups or a priori dietary patterns and anthropometric measurements in models adjusted for confounders. Conclusions In this population of Mexican women, most of the a priori dietary scores appeared to be of limited value in predicting the association between diet and anthropometric measures. However, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower WC.

Maternal Nutrition during Early Pregnancy and Cardiometabolic Status of Neonates at Birth.

Objective To explore the impact of maternal body weight on maternal nutrition and micronutrient status in early pregnancy and potential impact on metabolic status in newborns. Methodology The EU FP7 project GIFTS was conducted from Jan 2012 to May 2014. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements of women in the first trimester of pregnancy were obtained. Blood samples were collected for OGTT, insulin, lipid profile, serum folate, ferritin, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and red cell folate. Newborn anthropometric characteristics were observed. Cord blood samples were collected after delivery for glucose, insulin, and lipid profile of newborns. Results A total of 301 pregnant mothers, 108 overweight, 63 underweight, and 130 normal weight were included. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) and low vitamin B12 (<190 ng/l) were high, 44% and 42%, respectively, in the first trimester. Anemic women (due to B12 or iron deficiency) were 79%, while 72% had low ferritin levels. Gestational diabetes was 16%. Differences were observed between underweight and overweight mothers (P < 0.05) for fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and serum ferritin were observed. No significant difference was observed between vitamin D, serum B12, and red cell folate levels. Conclusion Prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies was common among Pakistani women during early pregnancy despite the nonvegetarian diet that has important implications for pregnancy care in Pakistan and potentially in expatriate communities living abroad. This trial is registered with ISRCTN number 83599025.

Associations between Poor Sleep Quality, Obesity, and the Anthropometric Measurements of Women in Turkey

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that poor sleep quality is significantly associated with obesity. The aim of this study is to examine the association of sleep quality with obesity and specific anthropometric measurements. A total of 105 women aged 20–55 years with no chronic diseases participated in this study. They filled out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), their anthropometric measurements were taken, and their dietary data were collected with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). There was no significant relationship between sleep quality and BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thicknesses, body fat ratio (%), and body fat mass (p > .05), but high bread consumption was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (p < .05). The women with poor sleep quality consumed significantly more bread, but not other foods, than the women with good sleep quality. Sleep quality can thus be related to eating habits.

Zależność pomiędzy matczynym wskaźnikiem masy ciała a parametrami antropometrycznymi noworodka

Introduction. Excessive or inefficient body weight in pregnant women is a serious obstetric problem, associated with an increased risk of complications for the mother and child. Excessive birth weight of an infant carries the risk of emergency obstetric conditions, in turn, low birth weight of an infant may pose a risk of developmental disorders. Objectives. To evaluate the impact of nutritional condition of mothers on anthropometric parameters value of newborns. Material and methods. The study included 247 women and their newborns. The diagnostic survey method was applied. An original questionnaire was used and anthropometric measurements of women and newborns were taken. Results and Conclusions. Statistically significant differences were found in birth weight of newborns depending on the nutritional condition of women prior to pregnancy. The children of mothers with insufficient bodyweight had a significantly lower birth weight (p = 0.0079) than the children of mothers with normal weight, excessive weight and obesity. It was also demonstrated that the children of mothers with insufficient body weight had significantly lower (p < 0.0001) head circumference than the children of mothers with normal weight, excessive weight and obesity. The research revealed a correlation between maternal body mass index and neonatal anthropometric parameters. Mothers with insufficient weight gave birth to children with a significantly lower birth weight than the children of mothers with normal weight, excessive weight and obesity. Mothers with excessive weight and obesity gave birth to infants with significantly higher birth weight than mothers with normal or insufficient weight before pregnancy. Nursing Topics 2015; 23 (4): 490–495

Polycystic ovary syndrome patients achieve successful weight loss and decreased waist and hip circumference after 8-week low starch/low dairy diet

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 5 million women of reproductive age in the United States and is associated with increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer and infertility. Hyperinsulinemia worsens hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS and makes weight loss difficult. Research shows that carbohydrates from dairy and starch-based foods have greater insulinogenic properties than carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables and fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week dietary intervention eliminating insulinogenic foods results in successful weight loss and improved anthropometric measurements in women with PCOS.

Resistência à insulina em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos: relação com as variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas

To analyze the prevalence of insulin resistance, according to different biochemical and anthropometric measurements in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A total of 189 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Insulin resistance diagnosis was performed using fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, insulin sensibility index and glucose/fasting insulin ratio. Body mass index and lipid accumulation product were used. Data were analyzed statistically by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Tukey post-test, and Pearson's correlation. The polycystic ovary syndrome patients had a mean age of 24.9 ± 5.2 and a mean body mass index of 31.8 ± 7.6. The percentage of obese patients was 57.14%. Among the methods of insulin resistance investigation, the insulin sensibility index was the technique that most detected (56.4%) the presence of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The insulin resistance was detected in 87% of obese patients. The fasting glucose/fasting insulin ratio and insulin sensibility index were strongly correlated with lipid accumulation product. The prevalence of insulin resistance varied according to the method used, and it was greater the higher the body mass index. Lipid accumulation product was also related to insulin resistance.

Caregiving, gender, and nutritional status in Nyanza Province, Kenya: Grandmothers gain, grandfathers lose

Based on anecdotal and qualitative reports, a general assumption is that caregiving negatively impacts grandparents in Africa. The purpose of this article is to determine how caregiving and gender impact nutritional status over four waves of data from Luo elders. Luo elders, aged 60 and over (age 73.6 ± 7.9) were sampled. Participant recruitment was rolling and included 287 Luo grandparents in 2005, 396 in 2006, 389 in 2007, and 390 in 2009. A total of 689 elders participated in at least 1 year. Standard anthropometric measures were used to determine nutritional status. Impact of caregiving was examined using structural equation models. Caregiving positively associated with nutritional status among women. This main effect was mediated by caregiving intensity, which also positively associated with nutritional status. Among men, caregiving negatively associated with nutritional status, although caregiving intensity did not significantly associate with most anthropometric measures. Socioeconomic status (SES) positively associated with five of nine anthropometric measures in women and all measures in men. Several measures indicated that both men and women became larger over time but few of the variables tested predicted growth. The beneficial impact on grandmothers might indicate a coping strategy. These results indicated that researchers should shift away from comparing caregivers to noncaregivers and instead look at the multiple factors which may make some families resilient and others at risk. Human biologists can contribute to this literature by examining the ecological and cultural contexts under which caregiving represents a burden with physiological repercussions.

Assessment of pulmonary functions and anthropometric measurements in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives. The aims of this study were to compare pulmonary function tests of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) versus healthy women, and to investigate correlations between pulmonary function tests and anthropometric measurements of them.Materials and Methods. A total of 31 women with PCOS and 29 controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI) were enrolled into the study. Pulmonary function tests were performed with spirometer. Body fat percentage was calculated from the skinfold thicknesses using the formula. Biacromial, chest antero-posterior and lateral diameter measurements were carried out with anthropometric set.Results. There were no significant differences between patients with PCOS and healthy controls in the pulmonary function tests, body fat %, chest and abdomen region anthropometric measurements. There were moderate negative correlations only between forced expiratory volume per 1 s and BMI, abdomen circumference, body fat percentage in patients with PCOS. In the control group, however, there were moderate or strong negative correlations between anthropometric measurements (BMI, body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, chest lateral diameter) and at least three different pulmonary function tests.Conclusion. These results suggest that the upper body anthropometry and respiratory function relations might have impaired in patients with PCOS. We think that this situation might support the increased tendency for poor health status in patients with PCOS.

Impact of a home-based physical activity intervention upon exercise behaviors and anthropometric measures in women undergoing treatment for early stage breast cancer.

Abstract Abstract #1117 Women who gain weight after breast cancer diagnosis have a worse prognosis compared to women who avoid weight gain. Weight gain is especially common in women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, many of whom develop sarcopenic obesity which involves an increase in body fat and loss of lean muscle mass. This type of weight gain has been associated with increases in insulin and other metabolic hormones linked to breast cancer risk and prognosis. Studies have demonstrated that weight gain in breast cancer patients occurs, at least in part, due to decreases in physical activity during and after treatment.&amp;#x2028; Methods: In this single arm pilot study, sedentary women with early stage breast cancer participated in a home-based exercise intervention during adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation. The target activity goal was 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week. Participants underwent evaluation of anthropometric measures, fitness (measured by modified Bruce ramp protocol treadmill test), fatigue and quality of life at baseline and after the 12 week intervention. Change in these measures over time was assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank test of the change scores (post-pre values).&amp;#x2028; Results: Forty-one women were enrolled in the study and 33 (80%) completed the 12 week protocol. Average age of participants was 47, and women were an average of 4.5 months from diagnosis at the time of enrollment. All but one of the women (98%) received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Baseline and week 12 values for study variables are presented in table 1. Participants were sedentary at baseline, engaging in an average of 13 minutes of weekly activity. Physical activity increased significantly during the study period, with participants averaging 105 minutes of activity per week. Participants avoided weight gain and increases in body fat over the course of the study, and experienced significant improvements in fitness, quality of life and fatigue scores.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: Women who completed a 12-week home-based exercise intervention during adjuvant therapy significantly increased activity and avoided weight gain, which has been associated with poor prognosis in early stage breast cancer. This trial, in conjunction with other exercise studies in breast cancer patients, provides preliminary data to help guide the design of randomized trials examining the impact of exercise upon breast cancer outcomes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1117.

Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of inflammation and insulin resistance among immigrant women from the Middle East and native Swedish women: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundImmigrant women from the Middle East have elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a simple marker of intra-abdominal fat, predicts insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality in men. Its usefulness in immigrant women is however unknown. To investigate the predictive role of SAD compared to other anthropometric measures, we examined a random sample of native-Swedes and immigrant women from the Middle East living in Sweden.Methods157 women participated in the study; 107 immigrants and 50 natives. Anthropometric measurements (SAD, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC] and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]; all measured in supine position) and cardiovascular risk factors (C-reactive protein [CRP], insulin, glucose, insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], blood pressure and serum lipids) were assessed. The anthropometric measures were compared in their relation to cardiovascular risk factors using linear regression analyses.ResultsOverall, SAD showed a slightly higher correlation with most cardiovascular risk factors, especially insulin resistance, insulin, CRP, apolipoprotein B and triglycerides (all P-values < 0.01) than other anthropometric measures. BMI was however a better predictor of HDL cholesterol. SAD explained a greater proportion of the variation of insulin resistance and CRP levels, even independently of the other anthropometric measures.ConclusionSAD identifies insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation or raised serum lipids in a Swedish population with a large proportion of immigrant women from the Middle East. If these results could be confirmed in a larger population, SAD could be a more clinically useful risk marker than other anthropometric measures in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

The Effect of Periodization and Volume of Resistance Training in Women.

935 The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effects of periodization and volume of resistance training on strength and anthropometric measures in women. 34 healthy untrained women were randomly divided into 3 groups: a low-volume group [LVG;(N=12)], a high-volume group [HVG;(N=12)], and a control group (N=10). The subjects trained for 24 weeks, 3 times a week. The LVG performed one set to failure of 8-12 repetitions of both upper and lower body exercises, and the HVG performed 3 sets of each exercise. The repetitions performed by the HVG were periodized between 6 and 12 repetitions. Testing was performed before the start of training (T1), after 12 weeks (T2) and at the completion of training (T3). Testing included body mass (BM), percentage body fat (%BF), 1-RM bench press and leg press, lower body muscular endurance as measured by repetitions to failure at 70% of maximum for the leg press, Wingate test and resting serum cortisol. No significant (p≤0.05) differences between the groups were detected before the training and the control group did not significantly change throughout the study. Both the HVG and LVG demonstrated increases in their 1-RM strength in both the bench press and leg press from T1 to T2, but only the HVG demonstrated continued improvement from T2 to T3. Also the increase from T1 to T2 was greater in the HVG, although a statistical significance between the two groups at T2 was not achieved. Similar results occurred with the lower body muscular endurance, with both groups increasing from T1 to T2, but only the HVG continuing to show improvement from T2 to T3. In the Wingate test only the HVG demonstrated a significant improvement, with an increase in power production from both T1 to T2 and T2 to T3. The HVG demonstrated a decrease in resting cortisol from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. Both groups demonstrated a decrease in%BF from T1 to T2, with the HVG showing a further decrease from T2 to T3. No significant changes in BM were noted. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the use of a single set, low-volume workout, as recommended in the ACSM guidelines for strength training, does not provide an adequate physiological challenge to the body to allow for continued gains in strength in untrained women over longer periods of training.