Anthropometric Markers Of Obesity Research Articles

Serum Levels of Adipolin and Adiponectin and Their Correlation with Perinatal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the serum level of adipolin and adiponectin in healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the second trimester, the prepartum period, and in the newborns of these patients. Methods: A total of 55 women diagnosed with GDM and 110 healthy pregnant women were included in this study. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association of adipolin and adiponectin with anthropometric markers of obesity (body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), tricipital skinfold thickness (TST)), inflammation markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)), and maternal glucose homeostasis parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, C peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Insulin Resistance-Homeostatic Model Assessment (IR HOMA)). Results: There were no statistical differences between the adipolin value in patients with GDM compared to healthy patients (p = 0.65 at diagnosis and p = 0.50 prepartum) and in newborns from mothers with GDM compared to healthy mothers (p = 0.24). Adipolin levels are significantly higher in patients with GDM who gave birth via cesarean section (p = 0.01). In patients with GDM, the adipolin level correlates positively with HgA1c in the prepartum period. We found a positive correlation between the maternal adipolin values at diagnosis and prepartum and neonatal adipolin (respectively: r = 0.556, p = 0.001; r = 0.332, p = 0.013). Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with GDM at diagnosis and prepartum (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.02), but their levels increased prepartum (5267 ± 2114 ng/mL vs. 6312 ± 3150 ng/mL p = 0.0006). Newborns of mothers with GDM had lower adiponectin levels than newborns of healthy mothers (p < 0.0001). The maternal adiponectin value correlates negatively with maternal BMI, MUAC, and IR HOMA in both groups at diagnosis and prepartum. There were no differences between the groups in terms of cesarean rate (p > 0.99). The relative risk of occurrence of adverse events in patients with GDM compared to healthy ones was 2.15 (95% CI 1.416 to 3.182), and the odds ratio for macrosomia was 4.66 (95% CI 1.591 to 12.69). Conclusions: There was no difference in adipolin levels between mothers with GDM and healthy mothers during the second trimester and the prepartum period. Adipolin is known to enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation, but unlike adiponectin, it does not appear to contribute to the development of GDM.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Anthropometric Markers of Obesity for Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Prediabetes is a significant public health concern due to its high risk of progressing to diabetes. Anthropometric measures of obesity, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have been demonstrated as key risk factors in the development of prediabetes. However, there is a lack of clarity on the diagnostic accuracy and cut-off points of these measures.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of these anthropometric measures for their most effective use in identifying prediabetes.&#x0D; Methodology: A systematic review (SR) with metanalysis of observational studies was carried out. The search was conducted in four databases: Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. For the meta-analysis, sensitivity and specificity, together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were calculated.&#x0D; Results: Among all the manuscripts chosen for review, we had four cross-sectional studies, and three were classified as cohort studies.&#x0D; The forest plots showed the combined sensitivity and specificity for both cross-sectional and cohort studies. For cross-sectional studies, the values were as follows: BMI had a sensitivity of 0.63 and specificity of 0.56, WC had a sensitivity of 0.59 and specificity of 0.58, and WHtR had a sensitivity of 0.63 and specificity of 0.73. In the cohort studies, the combined sensitivity and specificity were: BMI at 0.70 and 0.45, WC at 0.68 and 0.56, and WHtR at 0.68 and 0.56, respectively. All values are provided with 95% confidence intervals.&#x0D; Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of BMI, WC, and WHtR in identifying prediabetes. The results showed variations in sensitivity and specificity, with WHtR having the highest specificity in cross-sectional studies and BMI having improved sensitivity in cohort studies.

The association of obesity with thyroid carcinoma risk.

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity and an increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma (TC) threaten public health in parallel on a global scale. Sufficient evidence supports excess body fatness in thyroid carcinogenesis, and the role and anthropometric markers of obesity have been causally associated with the rising risk of TC.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed. Studies focused on the effect of obesity in TC.ResultsThis review mainly discusses the global incidence and prevalence of obesity‐related TC. We also review the role of obesity in TC and potential clinical strategies for obesity‐related TC.ConclusionsExcess body fatness in early life and TC survival initiate adverse effects later in life.

Neck Circumference, a Screening Tool for Obesity in Newly Pubescent Children-A Case Study

“Childhood Obesity and its co-morbidities is considered as a prime health hitch that lay up consideration among the public health society. Obesity and above the over weight has bagged the fifth position in the global risk for mortality. The obesity shows a very early onset in life which has laid the utmost importance in the prevention of it among the children. Neck circumference is being considered as the marker of upper body subcutaneous tissue distribution.&#x0D; Aim: The main objective is to evaluate the association between neck circumference and obesity among the children.&#x0D; Methodology: This is a cross sectional study conducted between the periods of august 2019 - September 2019, among 150 male + 129 female students, aged 11 to 18 years. Anthropometric markers of obesity- body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), waist hip ratio (WHR), neck circumference (NC) were collected. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to compute the neck circumference with other obesity indices.&#x0D; Results: The mean BMI was 27.70±1.27 kg/m² and 27.72±2.12 kg/m², mean neck circumference was 35.42±2.26 cm and 32.85±1.92 in above the over weight /obesity boys + girls respectively. The hip circumference in boys was found to be greater than girls, which is higher in above the over weight /obesity students with P&lt;0.001. Neck circumference shows a strong positive correlation with other anthropometric measures BMI, WC, HC in boys and girls (P&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study showed that the weight increase in school children and need to aware the parents.

Neck Circumference, a Novel Predictor of Overweight/ Obesity in School Children in Pokhara

Background: Calculating BMI in an individual is a standard anthropometric procedure to estimate overweight/obesity. But it has been observed to be a bad predictor of central obesity. On the other hand, waist circumference, in many studies, has been found to be a good predictor of central obesity but not so frequently used because of tendency to vary throughout the day. In the recent years, NC has been found to have a good correlation with both BMI and WC. The aim of this study was to find out whether neck circumference is a good predictor of Overweight/Obesity or not.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out among the school children, aged 12 to 15 years, in Pokhara city, Nepal. In total, 408 students, 238 males and 170 females were screened. Anthropometric markers of obesity measured: included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and compared with neck circumference (NC) of the same subjects. Pearson’s correlation test was used to see the correlation between NC with BMI and WC, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best cut off value of neck circumference in predicting high BMI.&#x0D; Results: Among 408 students, 238 (58.3%) were male and 170 (41.7%) were female. Among them 37 (9.1%) were overweight and 32 (7.8%) were obese. All the anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in cases, except height in male, than in controls. NC was significantly correlated with age, BMI, and waist circumference in both boys and girls. The best cut-off value of neck circumference by ROC to identify boys with a high BMI was 29.5 with sensitivity of (76%), specificity (54%), and for girls was 28.5 with sensitivity of (97%), specificity (48%).&#x0D; Conclusion: Statistically significant positive correlation was found between NC with BMI and WC. The value of NC as a screening tool has been found comparably lower in compare to WC.

Neck circumference measurement as a screening tool for obesity in children

Background: Childhood obesity is a rising epidemic and a major public health problem with the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders in later life. Neck circumference (NC), a marker of upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution can predict higher metabolic risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between neck circumference (NC) and obesity.Methods: This cross-sectional prospective observational study was conducted in Bangalore in the month of October 2016. 172 male and 161 female students, aged 13-17 years were screened. Anthropometric markers of obesity measured included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and compared with neck circumference (NC) of the same subjects. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between neck circumference and other obesity indices, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best cutoff value of neck circumference in predicting high BMI. Results: Overall, 13.2% boys and 9.9% girls were found overweight/obese. The mean BMI was 25.27±2.09kg/m2 and25.17±2.23kg/m2, mean neck circumference was 33.43±2.3cm and 31.50±1.4 in overweight/obese boys and girl respectively. All of the anthropometric parameters were found to be significantly higher in overweight/obese children than with their normal weight peers and higher in boys compared to girls. The neck circumference in boys was significantly greater than girls and higher in overweight/obese with P&lt;0.001. The best cut-off value of neck circumference by ROC to identify boys with a high BMI was 32cm with sensitivity of (81.82%), specificity (89.06%), and for girls was 30cm with sensitivity of (84.85%), specificity (87.5%). Neck circumference had a strong positive correlation with other anthropometric measures BMI, WC, waist hip ratio in both boys and girls (p &lt;0.001).Conclusions: Neck circumference significantly correlated with other indices of obesity. It can be used with great reliability to screen overweight and obesity in children. NC can be considered as a simple, time saving and inexpensive clinical tool for detection of obesity in large population-based studies in children and adolescents.

Association of Serum Thyrotropin with Anthropometric Markers of Obesity in the General Population.

Except from associations study with body weight, there are few longitudinal data regarding the association between thyroid function and anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or waist-to height ratio. This study aimed to investigate the association of thyrotropin (TSH) at baseline with changes in different anthropometric markers between baseline and follow-up in the general population. Data were used from four population-based longitudinal cohort studies and one population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 16,902 (8204 males) subjects aged 20-95 years from the general population were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were measured. Multivariable median regression models were calculated adjusting for the following covariates: age, sex, baseline value of the respective anthropometric marker, smoking status, follow-up-time period, and study site. In cross-sectional analyses, serum TSH within the reference range was positively associated with waist circumference (β = 0.94 cm [confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.32]) and waist-to-height-ratio (β = 0.029 [CI 0.017-0.042]). These associations were also present for the full range of TSH. In the longitudinal analyses, serum TSH at baseline was inversely associated with a five-year change of all considered anthropometric measures within the prior defined study-specific reference range, as well as in the full range of serum TSH. High TSH serum levels were positively associated with current anthropometric markers, even in the study-specific reference ranges. In contrast, high TSH serum levels were associated with decreased anthropometric markers over a time span of approximately five years. Further research is needed to determine possible clinical implications as well as public health consequences of these findings.

Serum Levels of Copeptin are Decreased in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Copeptin, the c-terminal part of pro-Arginine vasopressin, has recently been introduced as a novel risk factor to develop facets of the metabolic syndrome. However, regulation of copeptin in pregnancy-associated metabolic disease, i. e., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), has not been fully understood, so far. For this study, 74 GDM patients and 74 healthy, pregnant, age-, body mass index-, and gestational age-matched controls were recruited. Serum levels of copeptin were quantified by an illuminometric assay. Furthermore, copeptin concentrations were correlated to biochemical and anthropometric markers of obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism, renal function, and inflammation. Median [interquartile range] serum copeptin levels were significantly lower in subjects with GDM (3.5 [2.0] pmol/l) as compared to controls (4.4 [3.2] pmol/l) (p<0.05). Furthermore, GDM remained an independent predictor of circulating copeptin in multivariate regression analysis (p<0.05). Moreover, copeptin was independently associated with gestational age at blood sampling (p<0.05). Copeptin serum levels are significantly lower in GDM as compared to healthy pregnant controls. Further studies are needed to better clarify the pathophysiological role of copeptin in GDM.

Correlation of neck and wrist circumference with waist circumference

Background and aims: Body mass index, waist and hip circumference have been using for measurement of obesity, however practically it’s difficult to get these measures accurately because of the various reasons, so an alternative to this could be neck and wrist circumference measurement. As there is scarce report on such anthropometric studies from Nepal, we aimed to find out the correlation between neck and wrist circumference with waist circumference for obesity measure.Method: A cross sectional observational study of total 297(147 male and 150 female) participants, aged above 18 years conducted on 2013 at Kathmandu valley. Anthropometric markers of obesity were measured, including body weight, height, waist, hip, neck and wrist circumferences.Results: A strong positive Pearson correlation of neck circumference with waist circumference was found in both male and females(r=0.64 in male and r=0.86 in female). Neck circumference had strong positive correlation with waist circumference in obese female than in male(r=0.5 in male and r=0.82 in female).Similarly, neck circumference had positive correlation with body mass index(r=0.53in male and r=0.79 in female),hip(r=0.54in male and r=0.76in female), weight(r=0.59in male and r=0.77in female) except waist hip ratio(r=0.59in male and r=0.10in female). Neck circumference cutoff for abnormal waist (&gt;=90cm for male and &gt;=80cm for female) was 34.4cm for male and 32.5 cm for female. Similarly wrist circumference had also positive correlation with waist circumference(r=0.58 and r=0.64 in female) and with weight(r&gt;0.6) in both sexes.Conclusion: Neck circumference which can be relatively easily measured has shown strong correlation with waist.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;3(2):47-51.

Anthropometric markers of obesity and mortality in white and African American adults: The pennington center longitudinal study

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between anthropometric measures of obesity and all-cause mortality in white and African American men and women. The sample included 14,343 adults 18 to 89 years of age. Height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the BMI (kg/m2), body adiposity index (BAI = ([hip circumference in centimeters]/[height in meters])1.5–18), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were computed. Vital status of the participants was determined from linkage with the National Death Index through 2009. Cox regression was used to assess the association between anthropometry and all1cause mortality, adjusting for age, sex, year of baseline examination, study code, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Hazard ratios (HR) are expressed per standard deviation of each variable. A total of 438 deaths occurred during 120,637 person-years of follow-up. All anthropometric markers demonstrated significant associations with all-cause mortality in white subjects. In multivariable-adjusted models, BMI (HR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.19 - 1.50), waist circumference (1.41; 1.25 - 1.60), BAI (1.34; 1.17 - 1.53), WHtR (1.46; 1.28 - 1.65) and WHR (1.40; 1.23 - 1.61) all demonstrated significant relationships with mortality in white participants, but not in African Americans. In categorical analyses, there was a significant association between BMI status and mortality in whites but not African Americans. However, the risk associated with elevated waist circumference was almost identical in whites (1.49; 1.15 – 1.94) and African Americans (1.60; 1.06 – 2.40). In summary, this study has demonstrated race differences in the association between anthropometry and all-cause mortality.

Comparison among Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Percent Body Fat (%BF) as Anthropometric Markers for the Clustering of Metabolic Risk Factors in Japanese

To compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat (%BF) as markers for the clustering of metabolic risk factors in Japanese. Age-adjusted correlation coefficients (Rs) were calculated between the three anthropometric markers of obesity and metabolic risk factors in 2,444 men and 1,442 women among Japanese. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of BMI, WC, and %BF were calculated for diagnosing the clustering of 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, and 4 risk factors among increased blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, increased triglycerides, and decreased HDL cholesterol and for the clustering of 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, and 6 risk factors among the upper four risk factors as well as increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and increased LDL cholesterol. The Rs were not significantly different among BMI, WC, and %BF except for the difference between the R of BMI (0.217) and that of %BF (0.283) with LDL cholesterol in men (p=0.014). The AUCs of BMI, WC, and %BF for diagnosing any of the risk factor clustering patterns defined above were not significantly different in both men and women. The AUCs for diagnosing the clustering of metabolic risk factors were not significantly different among BMI, WC, and %BF.

Impact of parity on anthropometric measures of obesity controlling by multiple confounders: a cross-sectional study in Chilean women

Aim:To find out whether there is an association between parity and obesity, evaluated through body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Chilean...

The G1422A variant of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) is associated with abdominal adiposity in obese men

Since recent data suggest that the endocannabinoid system controls food intake through central, and lipogenesis via peripheral CB1 receptors, we hypothesized that genetic variation at the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) locus could have an effect on adiposity. We investigated, whether a specific CNR1 G1422A genotype is associated with anthropometric markers of obesity and fat distribution in adult obese individuals. A total of 1,064 obese subjects (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) without diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or other endocrine diseases and 251 healthy control persons were genotyped for the G1422A variant (rs1049353) with a TaqMan assay. Anthropometric measures as body weight, BMI, waist and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed by classical methods. Fat mass (FM) was measured by bio-impedance. The prevalence of the G1422A variant was not significantly different between cases and controls (OR = 1.056; P = 0.626). In obese women, no meaningful associations between CNR1 genotype and anthropometric parameters were found. In obese men, CNR1 1422 A/A genotype was significantly associated with higher WHR (P = 0.009) and waist circumference (P = 0.008) after adjusting for age and BMI. Fat mass percentage showed an association (P = 0.011) which disappeared after adjusting for age and BMI. A trend for an association was seen for fat mass (unadjusted P = 0.099; adjusted P = 0.033). Our data indicate that the G1422A polymorphism in the CNR1 gene is associated with increased abdominal adiposity in obese men.

Association Between Anthropometric Measures of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in a Self-Selected Group of Indigenous Australians

Anthropometric markers of obesity are simple means that may be used as markers of cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance. We compare body mass index, waist circumference and waist hip ratio as tools to screen for insulin resistance in 81 overweight Indigenous Australians using ROC curve analysis. Body mass index and waist circumference emerged as better predictors of insulin resistance compared with waist hip ratio.

CRP may be Superior to Anthropometric Markers of Obesity

CRP may be Superior to Anthropometric Markers of Obesity