Anthropometric Device Research Articles

Relationship of Feeding Patterns and History of TB and Diarrhea in Children 2-5 Years Old and Stunting in Sukahayu Village, Sumedang, West Java, April 2019

Stunting is when children under five years old (toddlers) have a height-for-age index below minus two standard deviations based on the WHO standard. Stunting was a chronic nutritional problem caused by socioeconomic, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, nutritional intake during infancy, and infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relations between feeding patterns and a history of Tuberculosis or diarrhoea in children aged 2-5 years with stunting. The type of this research was observational with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using a total sampling method of 34 samples. The study was conducted in April 2019 in Sukahayu Village, West Java. Data were collected by interviewing, measuring height and filling out the questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used Spearman's rho test. The results showed that stunting toddlers age the most at 25-36 month (50%), gender was equal between boy and girl (50%), 82.4% of stunting toddlers had a good pattern of feeding, had a history of TB 14.7% and had a history of diarrhoea 76.5%. The results of the Spearman's rho test showed no correlations between feeding patterns (p=0.22), history of TB (p=0.55) and history of diarrhoea (p=0.37) with stunting in Sukahayu Village. This study advises governments and health agencies to improve the nutritional status of stunting children and in the provision of standard anthropometric devices. The community is expected to get quality education and provide balanced nutrition to improve the health of children.
 Keywords: Stunting, feeding pattern, history of Tuberculosis, history of diarrhoea

Assessment of shoulder mobility in women over 60 years of age after one-sided mastectomy

The overall risk of contracting various diseases, including breast cancer, increases with age. An on-going process of population ageing challenges modern physiotherapy with the need to have functional capacity in older people appreciably enhanced. The issue of anthropometric assessment of the range of motion and shoulder muscle strength is presently much underrated in the physical rehabilitation management of women patients after radical one-sided mastectomy. The study aimed to assess the functional mobility of a shoulder expressed as a range of motion, in conjunction with the assessment of shoulder muscle strength, in women patients over 60 years of age after radical one-sided mastectomy. The study comprised 24 patients (mean age 65 years) recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce. All patients had undergone modifi ed radical mastectomy using the Madden technique, and an adjuvant therapy. The shoulder range of motion, i.e. flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, was evaluated by a goniometer. Elevation, protraction and retraction movements were evaluated using an anthropometric device. A dynamometer was applied to assess the strength of select muscle groups within the shoulder during elevation, protraction and retraction motions. Statistical analysis was made with the aid of STATISTICA 12.0 software, having adopted a 0.05 alpha level as statistically signifi cant. The movements of fl exion, abduction and external rotation of the upper extremity were signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. The range of motion and muscle strength during shoulder elevation, protraction and retraction were significantly diminished on the operated side (12% - 14%), compared to the non-operated one. 1. Functional mobility of the shoulder was signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. 2. Results of the present study highlight the need to extend the scope of rehabilitation regimens offered to older women after radical one-sided mastectomy.

Monitoring elbow isometric contraction by novel wearable fabric sensing device

Fabric-based wearable technology is highly desirable in sports, as it is light, flexible, soft, and comfortable with little interference to normal sport activities. It can provide accurate information on the in situ deformation of muscles in a continuous and wireless manner. During elbow flexion in isometric contraction, upper arm circumference increases with the contraction of elbow flexors, and it is possible to monitor the muscles’ contraction by limb circumferential strains. This paper presents a new wireless wearable anthropometric monitoring device made from fabric strain sensors for the human upper arm. The materials, structural design and calibration of the device are presented. Using an isokinetic testing system (Biodex3®) and the fabric monitoring device simultaneously, in situ measurements were carried out on elbow flexors in isometric contraction mode with ten subjects for a set of positions. Correlations between the measured values of limb circumferential strain and normalized torque were examined, and a linear relationship was found during isometric contraction. The average correlation coefficient between them is 0.938 ± 0.050. This wearable anthropometric device thus provides a useful index, the limb circumferential strain, for upper arm muscle contraction in isometric mode.

Capacitação em antropometria como base para o fortalecimento do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Apresentar recomendações acerca do planejamento de capacitações em antropometria em âmbito local na Atenção Primária à Saúde, a fim de subsidiar a geração de informações nutricionais de boa qualidade e fortalecer a vigilância nutricional. MÉTODOS: Diante da ausência de documentos oficiais que normatizem periodicidade, metodologia, conteúdo e outros aspectos relevantes ao adequado planejamento e execução de capacitações em antropometria em âmbito local, as recomendações apresentadas são baseadas em experiências bem-sucedidas de um Laboratório de Antropometria com vocação para formação de recursos humanos, pertencente a uma instituição federal do Rio de Janeiro. RESULTADOS: Reciclagens periódicas devem integrar de forma permanente a agenda dos serviços de saúde, sendo desenvolvidas ao menos uma vez por semestre, em pequenos grupos. Os equipamentos antropométricos devem estar disponíveis em todos os momentos, e para uma capacitação abordando peso, estatura e perímetro da cintura, deve haver, no mínimo, 1 balança, 1 antropômetro e 2 fitas antropométricas para cada 6 participantes. Uma capacitação contemplando até 3 medidas corporais deve ter carga horária mínima de 4 horas, sendo metade direcionada para sensibilização, troca de experiências e revisão das técnicas, e o restante para treinamento, identificação e correção de erros, avaliação da qualidade das medidas e discussão dos resultados. Essas atividades devem se constituir em espaço de troca de experiências que favoreça o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas considerando o contexto de atuação e dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais em sua rotina. Deve-se dar ênfase na prática supervisionada das medições, pois permitem identificar e corrigir erros, assim como avaliar a precisão e exatidão dos profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: O aperfeiçoamento e uniformização das capacitações em antropometria poderão favorecer o aprendizado e desenvolvimento do profissional, bem como garantir o alcance dos objetivos de promoção e vigilância em saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Assessment of radiant temperature in a closed incubator

In closed incubators, radiative heat loss (R) which is assessed from the mean radiant temperature (overline{T}_{r} ) accounts for 40–60% of the neonate’s total heat loss. In the absence of a benchmark method to calculate overline{T}_{r} —often considered to be the same as the air incubator temperature—errors could have a considerable impact on the thermal management of neonates. We compared overline{T}_{r} using two conventional methods (measurement with a black-globe thermometer and a radiative “view factor” approach) and two methods based on nude thermal manikins (a simple, schematic design from Wheldon and a multisegment, anthropometric device developed in our laboratory). By taking the overline{T}_{r} estimations for each method, we calculated metabolic heat production values by partitional calorimetry and then compared them with the values calculated from dot{V}_{{{text{O}}_{ 2} }} and dot{V}_{{{text{CO}}_{ 2} }} measured in 13 preterm neonates. Comparisons between the calculated and measured metabolic heat production values showed that the two conventional methods and Wheldon’s manikin underestimated R, whereas when using the anthropomorphic thermal manikin, the simulated versus clinical difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, there is a need for a safety standard for measuring overline{T}_{r} in a closed incubator. This standard should also make available estimating equations for all avenues of the neonate’s heat exchange considering the metabolic heat production and the modifying influence of the thermal insulation provided by the diaper and by the mattress. Although thermal manikins appear to be particularly appropriate for measuring overline{T}_{r} , the current lack of standardized procedures limits their widespread use.

Design and development of anthropometric device for the standardization of sizes of knee-ankle-foot orthoses

An anthropometric device (AD) was designed and developed to collect data on foot and knee of locomotor disabled people. The aim was to standardize the sizes of knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) in a standard modular form so that they can be mass produced to cater for fitting to a large number of locomotor disabled people. The anthropometric data collected on large numbers of locomotor disabled people were processed, with the help of a computer programme, to arrive at standard sizes for three modules, i.e. a foot plate (seven sizes), knee pieces (six sizes) and a lateral upright in a universal size. These modules were produced by plastic injection moulding and compression moulding processes using glass-reinforced polypropylene. KAFOs were assembled and fitted to locomotor disabled people. Feedback obtained was encouraging and this vindicated the concept, design and utility of the AD.

Anthropometric Optical Surface Imaging System Repeatability, Precision, and Validation

Disciplines using human body surface dimensions require accurate, repeatable measurements. This study presents a design for the analysis of repeatability, precision, and validation of a new anthropometric device. This model enables estimation of the proportion of the total variation attributable to each level of data collection. This model is applied to an analysis of repeatability, precision, and validation of the Cencit Imaging System, a new optical surface scanner. Twenty-seven facial landmarks were marked on 10 men and 10 women at two measurement sessions. Two images were scanned during each session, and each image was digitized twice. The Cencit Imaging System results were compared with a previously validated digitizer. The Cencit Imaging System was found to produce accurate, highly repeatable images. Much of the error in this study is attributable to human error in marking landmarks on the subjects. The new imaging system will prove useful in a variety of anthropometric applications.

Anthropometric devices for mass prophylactic examinations

Anthropometric devices for mass prophylactic examinations

Spinal Pantograph—A Noninvasive Anthropometric Device for Describing Postures and Asymmetries of the Trunk

A simple noninvasive device, "spinal pantograph," has been developed in order to describe and document the sagittal curves of the spine. The device and the method of evaluating the kyphosis and lordosis are explained. The accuracy of the reproducibility and the comparison with X-ray film findings are discussed. Even the balance of the trunk can be estimated. The sagittal curves in different positions--relaxed standing, maximally erect, and forward bending--can be studied and compared, thus describing the flexibility of the spine. This technique is demonstrated in some cases with different shapes of the sagittal curves of the spine--normal posture and round back deformities, including juvenile kyphosis and structural scoliosis. The effect of flexion braces in juvenile kyphosis and structural scoliosis is discussed.

An anthropometric device for automatic data selection and data recording

AbstractA new concept in anthropometry, that of automatic electronic data selection, is presented and a labor‐saving device using this concept is described. It was constructed for applications with dental models and the detailed descriptions of the system algorithms reflect that. It should be emphasized, however, that the concept is much more general than is the device described and given a few hardware modifications, the procedure may be applied to any irregular bounded surface from which measurements at regular intervals are desired.