Anthropogenic Burden Research Articles

Договор поминутной аренды транспортных средств (каршеринг)

The transformation of public relations under the influence of digitalization, as well as the intensification of property turnover, contributed to the formation of an economic model of sharing, which is often referred to through the prism of the English term "sharing". A striking example of such a model is carsharing, based on the idea of "mobility on demand" and being a predictable alternative to personal transport in the future. It is assumed that in the future, car owners, giving priority to car-sharing services, will give up ownership of a car, which will significantly accelerate urban traffic, free up parking spaces, and reduce the anthropogenic burden on the environment. Despite the prevalence of carsharing, especially in large and resort cities of Russia, its federal legal regulation has not yet been presented: to date, only regional experience of such regulation is known. At the same time, there are many issues in this subject area, some of which are solved by law enforcement practice. The key issue discussed in this scientific article is the choice of a contractual structure that could become an adequate model of carsharing relations.

N. N. Methodology of Calculating Compensation for Costs of Baltic Sea Ecosystem Restoration

The article provides a unique author’s methodology of calculating compensation for costs connected with the Baltic Sea contamination. It is based on studying the contribution of all countries of the Baltic basin to anthropogenic burden on ecosystems of the sea. Contribution of each country to degradation of the Baltic Sea ecosystem was estimated and on this basis the general anti-rating of countries of anthropogenic impact was made up, as well as the anti-rating of Baltic countries by factors of eutrophication and contamination by oil products. With the help of the data a conclusion was made that each country shall pay a certain amount of money to restore the degraded ecosystems of the Baltic Sea according to the principle ‘contaminator pays’. Countries’ shares for restoration of the Baltic Sea were estimated. The obtained results are practically important and can be used to substantiate contribution of each country to degradation of ecosystems of other domestic seas of the world.

Characterization of microbial communities in seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden using Next Generation Sequencing in Bogotá, Colombia

Wetlands represent key ecosystems due to their remarkable biodiversity, ecological functions and multiple ecosystem services provided. In Colombia, there are 31,702 wetlands, 13 of which are in Bogotá, capital of the country. Despite the fundamental socioecological support of these aquatic ecosystems, a tremendous loss and degradation of these ecosystems has been observed due to anthropogenic perturbations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the status of seven Bogotá wetlands with variable anthropogenic interventions by measuring organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological parameters, using commercial kits, highly sensitive equipment, and next-generation sequencing of the 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes. Our findings describe the status of seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden in Bogotá-Colombia where physicochemical and microbiology signals of contamination were observed. Additionally, some profiles in the composition of the microbial communities, together with certain physicochemical characteristics, may represent an insight into the environmental dynamics, where Beta Proteobacteria such as Malikia represent a potential keystone in aquatic ecosystems impacted by wastewater effluent discharges; the presence of nitrates and phosphates explain the abundance of bacteria capable of oxidizing these compounds, such as Polynucleobacter. Moreover, the presence of specific prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, such as Clostridium, Cryptococcus, Candida, and Naegleria, reported in one or more of the wetlands assessed here, could represent a possible pathogenic risk for human and animal health. This study performed a complete evaluation of seven Bogotá wetlands with different anthropogenic impacts for the first time, and our findings emphasize the importance of maintaining continuous monitoring of these water bodies given their remarkable ecological importance and potential spill-over of several pathogens to humans and animals.

Studying the properties of ash and slag waste for use in the manufacture of construction products

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the physical-chemical properties of ash and slag waste generated during the coal combustion at the Ekibastuz field in Kazakhstan, to determine the possibility of using waste as a secondary resource to reduce the negative human impact on the environment. Methods. The research uses the methods of X-ray phase and differential thermal analysis, as well as chemical analysis. The X-ray phase analysis makes it possible to determine the phase composition and structure of ash and slag wastes, while differential thermal analysis is used to study their behavior with temperature changes. A chemical analysis is performed to determine the composition of ash and slag. Findings. The chemical and granulometric composition of ash and slag waste from the Ekibastuz field coal combustion has been determined. Analysis of the ash chemical composition showed that its main components are silicon and aluminum oxides, as well as a significant amount of iron oxide. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using ash and slag waste as a secondary raw material to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Originality. It has been revealed that the thermal conductivity, ultimate strength and water-absorption of ceramic brick samples depend on the amount of ash added and the firing temperature. The possibility of obtaining building materials with minimum cement content has also been substantiated, which is a new and promising approach, given the high cost of cement as the main building material. Practical implications. The practical value of the research is in solving environmental problems associated with the use of ash and slag waste. Using these wastes as a secondary raw material, it is possible to reduce the anthropogenic burden on the environment, as well as the volume of ash dumps. In addition, vacant land previously occupied by ash and slag mixtures can be used for economic purposes.

REGULATORY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PROVISION OF AQUACULTURE AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The need for high-quality fish products of aquaculture, the need to reduce the anthropogenic burden in the production process on the environment require an appropriate modern regulatory framework for the sustainable development of aquaculture. The paper reflects key regulatory documents in the systemic transformation and enforcement of aquaculture production based on interdisciplinary research. Current aquaculture regulations are described. The experience of their application and options for their implementation in various areas of aquaculture production were considered.

Behavioural adaptation of domestic animals on the example of different breeds of domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus L., 1758)

The excessive increase in the anthropogenic burden on wildlife, namely the uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful nature management systems, a decrease in biodiversity due to intensive agricultural development, and more recently, war, affect the living conditions of both wild and domestic animals. In the new realities of the modern world, pets, losing their usual natural environment, are forced to either adapt to changes or cease to exist. The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of adaptation of the body (Felis silvestris catus L., 1758) of domestic cats in home conditions. Long-term methods were used to achieve this goal: daily visual observation, time budget, followed by the analysis of data on greater animal activity. The behaviours of cats were evaluated on a six-point scale: imitation of hunting – active play using toys (5 points) and territory inspection, jumping, scratching claws (4 points); communication with the owner – food search and bunting (3 points); self-cleaning – passive walk, toilet (2 points); rest – state of light sleep or napping (1 point), state of deep sleep (0). The selected samples were compared statistically using Kendall's rank correlation coefficient It is established that intra-breed and inter-breed differences in the duration of behavioural acts of obligate and facultative behaviours are largely determined by the temperament and character of the animals under study. The daily activity of cats of different breeds is described, which is determined by the imposition of the influence of genetically determined cycles on specific character traits and is formed during selection breeding. It is statistically proved that there is a substantial consistency between the traits under study in animals with different temperaments. If the temperament is similar, behaviour and motor activity do not correlate with each other, and the differences in the behaviour and activity of male and female purebred cats are poorly expressed. It is substantiated that the results obtained can serve as a basis for understanding the problems and difficulties that arise in purebred cats in the process of adaptation to life together with humans and, thereby, provide an understanding of the main manifestations of behavioural adaptation of domestic animals

Evaluation of the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment of dark petroleum products on the yield of fractions with boiling points up to 400°C

Objectives. The reduction of the anthropogenic burden on the environment is generally associated with the transition to alternative energy sources. However, some of these have only regional significance, while the effectiveness of others remains doubtful. On this point, innovative processes aimed at increasing the depth of oil refining may be equally important for reducing the carbon footprint. Wave-based technologies such as cavitation may also be included in these processes. Among the various methods for inducing such cavitation phenomena in oil refining, hydrodynamic approaches are especially promising. It has been shown that the treatment effectiveness increases with greater pressure or when augmenting the number of cavitation processing cycles. The aim of this work is to identify the factor (i.e., pressure gradient or number of treatment cycles) having the greatest influence on the change of the characteristics of the oil product.Methods. Cavitation phenomena were created by pumping dark oil products through a diffuser. The pressure gradient ranged from 20 to 50 MPa, while the number of cavitation processing cycles varied from 1 to 10. The influence of cavitation conditions on the change of fractional composition of petroleum products was analyzed. Target fractions are those having a boiling point up to 400°C.Results. It is shown that increased pressure generated in the diffuser leads to a linear increase in the yield of desired cuts. The dependence of the yield of these fractions on the number of processing cycles is described by the growth model with saturation. A proposed equation describes the influence of pressure and number of cycles on the yield of the fractions from initial boiling point temperature (TIBP) to 400°C following cavitation processing of dark oil products. Some of the coefficients of this equation have been associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock.Conclusions. An equation for predicting the maximum possible yield of the TJBP-400°C fraction as a result of cavitation processing under different conditions of the process is proposed according to the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock. The prediction error did not exceed 12%. The equation analysis and comparison of energy consumption between different process regimes shows that a higher yield of the target product is achieved by increasing pressure gradient rather than the number of processing cycles.

Applying distributed ledger technologies in megacities to face anthropogenic burden challenges

Distributed ledger technologies can support a rapid transition to smart cities and provide a high level of urban quality. Despite the large number of approaches to the problem of synthesizing smart city management systems, there is still no universal solution. One of the most promising areas is the construction of neural network control systems. The optimization module for a neurosimulator is developed that can operate in real time. The study of the neurosimulator on various data of anthropogenic load showed the possibility of obtaining high control accuracy.

Ship-Borne Observations of Atmospheric CH4 and δ13C Isotope Signature in Methane over Arctic Seas in Summer and Autumn 2021

Determining the sources of methane emissions in the Arctic remains a complex problem, due to their heterogeneity and diversity. Information on the amount of emissions has significant uncertainties and may differ by an order of magnitude in various literature sources. Measurements made in the immediate vicinity of emission sources help to clarify emissions and reduce these uncertainties. This paper analyzes the data of three expeditions, carried out in the western Arctic seas during Arctic spring, summer, and early autumn in 2021, which obtained continuous data on the concentration of methane and its isotope signature δ13C. CH4 concentrations and δ13C displayed temporal and spatial variations ranging from 1.952 to 2.694 ppm and from −54.7‰ to −40.9‰, respectively. A clear correlation was revealed between the surface methane concentration and the direction of air flow during the measurement period. At the same time, even with advection from areas with a significant anthropogenic burden or from locations of natural gas mining and transportation, we cannot identify particular source of emissions; there is a dilution or mixing of gas from different sources. Our results indicate footprints of methane sources from wetlands, freshwater sources, shelf sediments, and even hydrates.

Analysis of trans-environment transitions of elemental toxicants in linden flowers

Introduction. The contamination of heavy metals in medicinal plants is regional and depends on the plant’s antropogenic influence and biological properties. The purpose of the work was to study the trans-environmental transition of elemental toxicants in linden flowers by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with the influence of the Moscow region anthropogenic burden. Materials and methods. One hundred eight samples were used as objects of the research, including soil, leaves and flowers of wild and cultivated linden and broadleaf trees from 36 collection sites with different levels of anthropogenic impact. The transition of elemental toxicants from soil to linden flowers was assessed directly by comparing the gross content of elements in flowers and adjacent soils. The transition of element toxicants from the atmosphere was evaluated indirectly by comparing heavy metals concentration in the linden flowers with their contents in leaves. Results. Despite the significant influence of technogenic factors on the normalized elemental toxicants in flowers of lindens, their permitted concentrations are not exceeded. To assess the trans-environment transitions, the Spearman nonparametric correlation coefficient was calculated between the content of the analyzed elements in the morphological parts of the linden and adjacent soils. It was found that the enrichment of the morphological parts of linden with aluminium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, strontium, molybdenum, barium and lead occurs through the atmosphere; there is a fair correlation between the content of manganese, iron, arsenic, molybdenum and barium in the ground and morphological parts of the plant. Nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead pass from the environment to the morphological parts of the linden insignificantly, mercury is practically not absorbed by the linden. Limitations. The study was conducted in Moscow and the Moscow region during one vegetative period (June 2019). Conclusions. Linden flowers are more concentrators of manganese, copper, strontium, molybdenum, barium than leaves, and they can be used as indicators of atmospheric air pollution with these elemental toxicants.

A Detailed Insight into the Detrital and Diagenetic Mineralogy of Metal(oid)s: Their Origin, Distribution and Associations within Hypersaline Sediments

Hypersaline environments are among the most vulnerable coastal ecosystems and are extremely noteworthy for a variety of ecological reasons. Comprehensive assessment of metal(oid) contamination in hypersaline sediments from Sečovlje (Northern Adriatic, Slovenia) was addressed by introducing the detrital and diagenetic mineralogy and geochemical properties within the solid sediment material. Close associations between Fe/Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides with As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, and between organic matter with Cu, Pb and Zn were confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction, SEM-EDS and ICP emission spectrometry analysis. Possible incorporation or adsorption on the crystal lattices of clay minerals (As, Cr, Pb, Sn and Zn), halite (As) and aragonite/calcite (Cd, Cu, Pb, Sr and Zn) were also detected. All presented correlations were highlighted by various statistical analyses. The enrichment factor (EF) values showed a low degree of anthropogenic burden for As, Bi, Hg and Zn, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn and Sr originated from the geological background. These results emphasise that a detailed mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of solid (especially detrital and diagenetic) sediment particles is crucial in further understanding the metal(oid) translocation within the hypersaline ecosystems.

Inclusive Green Growth and Regional Disparities: Evidence from China

It is determined that inclusive green growth comprises processes of economic development and inclusiveness as a system of inclusions, taking into account the anthropogenic burden on the ecosystem, as well as the relational nature of socio-economic transformations. This article is an evaluation of this issue in the context of a contemporary Chinese society beset by regional inequalities that uses the Yangtze River basin as a case study. An index system has been constructed for inclusive green growth measurement, and kernel density and the Dagum Gini coefficient are used to analyze and describe characteristics regarding the distribution and spatial disparities within and between city clusters. The article then concludes that all city clusters are developing towards an inclusive green economy. There are still significant inequalities in inclusive growth among city clusters. Most city clusters are converging so slow that it will take a long time for weaker cites to catch up with stronger cites. City clusters also suffer major inner imbalances and gaps are widening. This paper argues that the profession needs to be more proactive in promoting strategic and targeted policies within such an unequal growth context.

Allergic disorders in children living in different climatic and oecological areas of the Kaliningrad region

The immune system responsible for genetic stability of internal environment, with its exceptional sensitivity, may provide biological indexes which reflect impact of various environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors, i.e., serve as an indicator system in the areas of environmental well-being and distress. A series of studies on the influence of climatic and environmental factors on immune reactivity states demonstrated that the immune system is also sensitive to both natural and industrial factors (chemical and physical). Apparently, this is due to formation of a population-based immunological reactivity adapted for specific environmental conditions. However, the distribution patterns of immunogram variability by geographical zones are still unclear. The article analyzes prevalence and structure of allergic disorders in children of 1-3 and 4-7 y.o. (early and first childhood)living in different climatic and ecological areas of Kaliningrad region (coastal and continental zones, “clean” and “dirty” cities, different for anthropogenic burden and environmental situation). The following cities were involved into the study: Svetlogorsk, Svetly, Kaliningrad, Sovetsk, Gusev and Neman. There were 3,321 children examined. Clinical and demographic data were taken from the following sources: “History of the child’s development” (Form No. 112/y), “Outpatient medical record card” (Form No. 025/y) and “Diagnostic card of immunological deficiency in children”, developed at the Institute of Immunology (Federal MedicalBiological Agency of Russia) which contained the patient’s data, seasonality of increased morbidity, vaccination history, acute infections). Disorders and reactions attributable to allergic syndrome were divided into three groups: skin diseases, respiratory system diseases, adverse response to various antigens. The revealed differences demonstrate high sensitivity of immune system to climatic and environmental factors acting at the sub-threshold level. We believe that the child’s immune system responds even to minor environmental factors, which, acting in combined manner, cause its functional shifts. In turn, these changes manifest at the level of immunobiological reactivity and, accordingly, influence clinical course and symptoms of the allergic disorders.

Geoecological aspects in assessing the recreational potential of the Osetr river basin as the basis for the development of ecological tourism

The active development of the tourism industry is accompanied by an increase in the anthropogenic burden on the environment. In this regard, the organization of tourist activities attracts even more recreational resources, which leads to the transformation of unique natural and historical-cultural landscapes and the loss of their pristine beauty. The work considers the most important geoecological approaches to the study of the tourist and recreational potential of the territory on the example of the Osetr river basin with subsequent assessment of the recreational load and capacity of the natural tourist complex. The results of the assessment of tourism and recreational potential for the development of environmental tourism based on the methods and approaches proposed in the study for the processing and analysis of obtained data will form the basis for the creation of a geoecological passport of the catchment area of the Osetr river basin.

Regional approach to soil pollution assessment and ecological sustainability of the town soils of Kursk region

The development of a unified approach to environmental assessment of soils is one of the most important goals of applied ecology. This article presents an attempt to implement the strategy of a comprehensive step-by-step ecological assessment of urban soils polluted by heavy metals of technogenic origin. Schematic maps of the spatial distribution of Pb and Cd in the humus-accumulative soil horizons of Kursk are presented (372 samples). The excess of the MAC of the superecotoxicants under analysis was noted in more than 50% of the soil samples of Kursk. It was revealed that in the industrial zones of Kursk, the excess of the MAC of Pb in soils reaches 1212.5 ppm, Cd ‒ 52.6 ppm. It was noted that in the soils of urban landscapes with powerful anthropogenic burden, heavy metals contaminated deep horizons and exceeded the relative regional standard for heavy metal content in a meter soil column by 3.7–19.3 times. In the course of approbation of the author’s integrated index of ecological comfort of soils (ECI), it was found that an uncomfortable and relatively comfortable ecological situation was typical for 54.6% of the key areas under analysis. The use of the proposed ECI index in the practice of ecological assessment of soils will allow to identify and predict environmental stress in landscapes affected by heavy metals as soon as it is reasonably possible.

Environmental Drivers of the Seasonal Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in the Gulf Ecosystem of Gujarat, India: Unravelling Its Diarrheal Enigma

Recurrent episodes of water borne diarrheal outbreaks is the pressing public health crisis in the Gulf of Khambat (GoK), Gujarat and its adjoining area. We aimed to identify seasonality of environmental signatures associated with the dynamics of Gulf enteropathogens and related health implications. A yearlong sampling data has been generated from the five sites across the GoK of high anthropogenic burden and contrasting hydrological settings. Hydro-chemical characteristics of water samples and bacteriological indices were analysed on field and laboratory condition respectively and robust statistics was applied to assess their interrelationship and associated health risks. Annual variation of hydro-chemical indices viz. temperature 26.4oC–36.7oC, pH 7.51–8.44, salinity 28.3–36.7 mS/cm, turbidity 3.6–995 NTU and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was recorded in the water samples. Extremely high turbidity (70.5-995) along with high salinity (28.3-34.8) is found to be the unique characteristic feature of Gulf water, which facilitates the abundance of various enteropathogenic bacterial species, specially the clinically important ones like V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus and E. coli. Surprisingly, an explosive annual preponderance of V. alginolyticus could be observed throughout all the study sites and existence of V. cholerae is restricted only in the high turbid water (>500NTU) of Gulf. Detection of E. coli is also a significant report from this high saline habitat, indicating faecal contamination. Seasonality of Vibrios and coliforms are highly influenced by precipitation rate and turbidity of water (p<0.05). DO level is found to be another crucial marker which regulates distribution of enteropathogens across the Gulf water as well as indicates the pollution level of Gulf attributed to environmental health risk. This is the first report of a longitudinal study of enteropathogenic load in GoK and its direct relationship with diarrheal incidence profile, which adds valuable knowledge for the formulation of ‘bio-environmental tool’ for effective water quality monitoring and disease prevention.

Mobile communication of the fifth generation and its place in the transformation processes of digitalization of the economy

The formation of the digital economy in the world is due to the development of a number of new breakthrough technologies that are unfolding in the process of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The basic of them is the fifth generation of mobile communication (5G), which provides the opportunity to implement a large number of new information and communication technologies, as well as hardware solutions and products for the economy and society. Countries that take the leadership in building 5G infrastructure and adopting fifth-generation mobile standards will be able to apply their successful expertise to deploy a new generation of communications in other countries, opening up ample opportunities to enhance technological, economic and geopolitical impact on them. The paper is devoted to the analysis of trends in the formation and development of mobile technologies of the fifth generation in the world and its impact on the processes of digitalization of the economy, as well as the identification of promising practices for their implementation in Ukraine. In the course of the analysis, it is defined that 5G, unlike the previous generations of communication, is peculiar to large-scale virtualization, which goes beyond exclusively hardware and infrastructural decisions, and the majority of its functionality is realized by a software way. That is why it is often called not a network, but a system or platform that enables the implementation of a significant number of services and solutions, in particular: high-speed data transmission, a wide range of Internet of Things services, storing large data sets in cloud storage, virtual reality services, smart automation and robotics of production, unmanned vehicles, etc. But 5G is also characterized by a number of shortcomings (due to the use of short radio waves with rapid attenuation) that actualize the challenges, associated with increasing consumption of raw materials and energy, increased anthropogenic burden, lack of study of this technology’s potential negative impact on human health and local ecosystems etc. It is defined, that 5G-technologies, being a new event, according to the concept of technology life cycle are in the lower part of the S-shaped technological curve. This stage of technology development is characterized by significant financial investments and small economic returns, associated primarily with sales of radio frequency resources. Measures are proposed to avoid in the future for Ukraine the role of a raw material appendage of technologically developed countries, in terms of creating a favorable national institutional environment and ensuring support and encouragement of the development of new digital communication technologies.

Characteristics of Trace Element Balance in Children with Pollution-Related Dental Diseases

Summary. Introduction: The necessity to assess, prevent and correct element-dependent diseases, increase the level of safety, predict and reduce the risk of exposures to industrial contaminants in the development of dental diseases in the child population is an important and promising area of modern hygiene. The objective of our study was to establish concentrations of trace elements in dental tissues of children exposed to various levels of industrial pollution. Materials and methods: We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure 13 trace elements in extracted healthy and carious primary teeth in two groups of children aged 7–11. The first group consisted of 56 children living in the area with a significantly high level of anthropogenic burden (Caveraged total = 1.17 units) and a high prevalence of caries (86.9 %) while the second group consisted of 68 children living in the area with a relatively high level of anthropogenic burden (Caveraged total = 0.68 units) and a mean prevalence of caries (77.1 %) according to WHO criteria. Results: Our findings indicate that accumulation of toxic microelements in hard dental tissues of children in the first group was higher than in children of the second group: concentrations of lead, bismuth, cadmium and strontium were 2.6, 1.8, 2.5, and 1.2 times higher, respectively. We also observed higher accumulation of environmental toxicants in carious teeth compared to healthy ones. Thus, lead, cadmium and bismuth levels in carious teeth were 3.04, 1.2 and 3.13 times higher than in healthy teeth, respectively, while the level of strontium was, on the opposite, 2.5 times lower. Conclusions: The study revealed specific features of the interaction of essential trace elements in children in the form of antagonistic effects between cadmium and zinc, copper and manganese, and synergism in the content of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, and cobalt in healthy teeth, the mechanism of which is based on competition for a bond with a carrier substance and replacement of one element with another. In addition, we established that changes in the microelement balance in the hard tissues of healthy and carious teeth are not unidirectional in nature, thus reflecting complex interactions between the child’s organism and anthropogenic factors. The results proved that accumulation of toxic trace elements in hard dental tissues promotes caries development and causes a sharp decrease in the content of essential trace elements, especially chromium, manganese, iron, and copper. The study showed that hard dental tissues are a depot for lead, cadmium, bismuth, and strontium in children environmentally exposed to high levels of industrial chemicals. Features of developing an imbalance of biotic concentrations of essential elements and accumulating toxic microelements in children with pollution-related tooth pathology were also established.

Green ICTs: potential and priorities for sustainable development. Analytical review

Digitalization and are the dominant global trends in the transformation of the world economy, which would largely define national competitiveness in the future. The use of energy-saving and decarbonizing effects from the introduction of ICTs is particularly important in the context of their implementation in industry, which has sufficient potential to ensure global qualitative changes. This raises the question of defining the compatibility and mutual influence of digitalization and sustainable development processes. Therefore, the paper proposes to expand the typology of ICTs impacts on the environment, as well as authors’ vision of green ICTs, which takes into account their systemic effect from the perspective of society as a whole, individual enterprises and end users, and, at the same time, incorporates concepts of greening of and greening by ICT. Based on the generalization of foreign experience in the ICT and ensuring sustainable development through the use of ICTs in industry, we have identified potentially promising areas of economic activity for implementing decarbonization measures through ICTs (construction, transport, energy and production), as well as the most effective groups of green smart technologies (smart energy networks, smart buildings, smart logistics, dematerialization, etc.). It is established that the recognized leaders in the field of ICT implementation in Ukraine are such economic activities as manufacturing industry and wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, which account for half of the demand for ICT products and services. However, the most common areas of ICTs’ use are traditional and low-cost: the use of e-mail, banking operations, monitoring of the market of goods and services, exchange of information with public authorities. More advanced digital technologies – e-Commerce, 3D printing, big data analysis, etc., which require additional investments in the development of intellectual capital, are less common. Analysis of anthropogenic burden on the has allowed us to establish some positive trends – increased use of green energy from renewable sources, reduction of energy intensity, compliance with the permissible level of greenhouse gas emissions (compared to the established quotas and international obligations of Ukraine). Legislative initiatives, directed on creation of an institutional framework in the field of waste management of electrical and electronic equipment, have been developed. However, the scale of positive qualitative changes remains insufficient to change the status of Ukrainian energy sector from carbon-intensive to environment friendly (sustainable). The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is due to the socio-economic crisis and has no confirmed links with the spread of green ICTs, progress in the implementation of the National waste management strategy in Ukraine until 2030 is insufficient, and the current state of the existing information base on e-waste management remains unsatisfactory. Solving these problems requires a clearer legal framework and organizational support in the field of ICTs and sustainable development, combined with the acceleration of the development of the national smart industry.

Assessing physical development and immunological parameters in adolescent girls with altered menstrual cycle

Gynecological morbidity particularly formation of menstrual function poses an important task because menstrual irregularities comprise a lead pathology among adolescent girls and considered as a marker of adverse environmental impact on female body [1, 2, 3]. The territories of the Orenburg Region [4] are known to be coupled to profound environmental and hygienic issues. We acknowledge the influence of anthropogenic stress on physical development and health in childhood by recording deviated physical development most frequently in children living in ecologically unfavorable territories [5]. Previously, we published the data on gynecological morbidity pattern in adolescent girls living in the Orenburg Region in territories with differed 7 year-monitored (from 2010 to 2016) anthropogenic stress [6]. Here we present the data on surveying girls aged 15-17 years with menstrual irregularities (MIs) living in the regions of the Orenburg region with varying anthropogenic stress assessed for their physical development, hormonal and immunological parameters. 2010- 2019 primary gynecological morbidity data were assessed based on available annual reports for various territories of the Orenburg Region. Subjects residing in the Western, Central and Eastern territories of the Orenburg Region were assesed based immune status data such as parameters of cell-mediated immunity, phagocytic indices, serum immunoglobulin class A, M, G as well as circulating immune complex levels. Hormone status was analyzed by assessing serum level of thyroid and sex hormones. It was found that oligomenorrhea in MIs was prevalent that tended to result in leptosomy and pachisomy in physical development. Most changes in adolescent girls were found in relative frequency of peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD19+ lymphocytes, phagocytic index as well as IgM, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone levels, LH, 17-OH-progesterone and cortisol. Our study demonstrated that adolescent girls living in the West and East of the region were featured with dominant oligomenorrhea in MIs associated with physical development tended to leptosomy and pachisomy. Assessing parameters of physical development in adolescent girls is of great importance and should be performed to diagnose potential menstrual irregularities. Thus, our data underline importance of negative impact of anthropogenic burden on gynecological health in adolescent girls.