Anthropometric Measurements In Patients Research Articles

The effects of replacing ghee with rapeseed oil on liver steatosis and enzymes, lipid profile, insulin resistance and anthropometric measurements in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a prevalent hepatic condition worldwide, is expected to develop into the leading reason for end-stage fatty liver in the forthcoming decades. Incorporating rapeseed oil into a balanced diet may be beneficial in improving NAFLD. The goal of this trial was to evaluate the impact of substituting ghee with rapeseed oil on primary outcomes such as fatty liver and liver enzymes, as well as on secondary outcomes including glycaemic variables, lipid profile and anthropometric measurements in individuals with NAFLD. Over 12 weeks, 110 patients (seventy men and forty women; BMI (mean) 28·2 (sd 1·6 kg/m2); mean age 42 (sd 9·6) years), who daily consumed ghee, were assigned to the intervention or control group through random allocation. The intervention group was advised to substitute ghee with rapeseed oil in the same amount. The control group continued the consumption of ghee and was instructed to adhere to a healthy diet. Results showed a significant reduction in the steatosis in the intervention group in comparison with the control group (P < 0·001). However, a significant change in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (–14·4 μg/l), γ-glutamyl transferase (–1·8 μg/l), TAG (–39·7 mg/dl), total cholesterol (–17·2 mg/dl), LDL (–7·5 mg/dl), fasting blood glucose (–7·5 mg/dl), insulin (–3·05 mU/l), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (–0·9), Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (+0·01), weight (–4·3 kg), BMI (–0·04 kg/m2), waist (–5·6 cm) and waist:height ratio (–0·04) was seen in the intervention group. The consumption of rapeseed oil instead of ghee caused improvements in liver steatosis and enzymes, glycaemic variables and anthropometric measurements among individuals with NAFLD.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is correlated with baseline anthropometric measurements in patients with obesity but not with weight-loss process after sleeve gastrectomy - An observational cohort study

Abstract Introductionː A strong connection between inflammation and obesity was repeatedly described, with the latter defined as a chronic low-degree systemic inflammatory state. This study analyzed the correlations between inflammatory blood indexes and both baseline anthropometric measurements and the weight–loss process after bariatric surgery. Methodsː An observational study was conducted on patients with obesity admitted for metabolic surgery in a private and a public hospital. The primary endpoints were to establish correlations between baseline inflammatory ratios i.e. neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) ratios, systemic inflammatory index (SII) and anthropometric measurements. Secondary endpoints were to find out if these ratios measured at baseline are predictive factors for weight loss after bariatric surgery. Results: In the present study, we included 191 patients, mean age 39.1±10,7 and mean BMI 42,2±6,5 kg/m2. There was a positive correlation between MHR and all anthropometric measurements taken at baseline; a direct correlation was also found for MLR in regards to initial weight and waist circumference. No statistical correlations were found between the above-mentioned indexes and the weight loss process (measured as a percentage of excess weight loss - %EWL) at different follow-up timeframes. Conclusionsː Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) was positively associated with baseline anthropo-metric measurements in patients with obesity. The above-mentioned inflammatory ratios did not correlate with the weight loss process after bariatric surgery, thus they should not be used as predictors of good postoperative results.

Semitendinosus Tendon Autograft Length and its Correlation with Anthropometric Measurements in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Hamstring Tendon Autograft in a Tertiary Care Centr

Introduction: There is limited data available regarding semitendinosus tendon length and its correlation with anthropometric parameters in Nepalese population. This study aims to find out mean semitendinosus tendon length in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and its correlation with patient’s height, femur length, and thigh girth. Methodology: An observational study was conducted following institutional review committee (IRC) approval (reference number: B&amp;BIRC-23-04). All Patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, were included. Those who had premature rupture of semitendinosus tendon during graft harvest were excluded. Semitendinosus tendon autograft was harvested, and length was measured. Then, triplicated graft diameter was measured. If harvested gracillis, quadrupled or pentapled, combined semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autograft diameter was measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation and student t test was used to test the significance. Results: Out of 102 included patients, 87(85.3%) were male and 15(14.7%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 30.5 ± 8.4 years. Semitendinosus tendon alone autograft was used in 26(25.5%) cases. and combined semitendinosus and gracillis tendon was used in 76(74.5%) cases. Mean semitendinosus tendon autograft length was 27.9±2.8 cm. There was significant positive correlation between semitendinosus tendon autograft length and patients’ height (r= 0.594, p=.000) and femur length (r=0.528, p=.000). Conclusion: Mean semitendinosus tendon autograft length in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is comparable to what reported in other international studies. Semitendinosus tendon length is significantly positively correlated with patients’ height and femur length.

Correlation of Anthropometric Measurements with Hamstring Graft Size in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Nepalese Population: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: The use of autologous hamstring tendon for arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is very common. The size of hamstring tendons varies significantly between individuals, and graft diameter is unpredictable. Anthropometric measurements may be a simple way to estimate hamstring tendon length and diameter. This study aims to determine the correlation between anthropometric measurements of patients with length and diameter of harvested hamstring autograft during ACL reconstruction.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out after ethical approval. All patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction from 1 March 2022 to 30 April 2023 in Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital were included. Fourty seven patients’ age, sex, height, weight and thigh length were recorded preoperatively. Hamstring tendons were harvested and length of the semitendinosus tendon and diameter of the quadrupled graft (doubled semitendinosus and doubled gracilis) was measured intraoperatively. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to observe the relationship between anthropometric measurements and graft variables.Results: Mean length of harvested semitendinosus tendon was 27.4 ± 1.8 cm and mean quadrupled hamstring autograft diameter was 7.4 ± 0.8 mm. A significant positive correlation between graft variables (semitendinosus tendon length and quadrupled hamstring autograft diameter) and patients’ height and thigh length was found.Regression equations for predicting Semitendinosus tendon length and quadrupled hamstring autograft diameter from thigh length in males and females are also derived.Conclusion: Height and thigh length of patients are useful parameters for predicting semitendinosus tendon length and quadrupled hamstring graft diameter before ACL reconstruction.

The effects of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Metabolic acidosis (MA) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with CKD, a systematic review was undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, of relevant articles published prior to September 2022. The summary statistics of effect size, nonstandardized weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare the effects of SB supplementation on anthropometric parameters vs. control group. To detect probable sources of heterogeneity, a series of predefined subgroup analyses were conducted. In total, 17 studies with 21 treatment arms, including 2203 participants (1149 cases, 1054 controls), met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. SB supplementation had no significant effect on body weight (BW), midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), or lean body mass (LBM) in patients with CKD. There was a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) (MD: 0.59 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.93, p = 0.001) after SB supplementation in the overall analysis. In subgroup analysis, LBM was increased in studies that were ≥ 24-week duration (MD: 1.81 kg, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81) and in participants with BMI lower than 27 kg/m2 (MD: 1.81 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81). SB supplementation may yield increases in BMI in predialysis CKD patients. However, our findings did not support the beneficial effects of SB supplementation on other anthropometric outcomes. There is an evident need for long-term high-quality interventions to confirm these findings.

Associations of Dietary Fructose and Sucrose Intake with HbA1c and Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of daily dietary intake of fructose and sucrose with HbA1c levels and anthropometric measurements in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Methods. A total of 64 individuals were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, eating habits, frequency of fructose and sucrose source consumption, and dietary intakes were assessed through questioning. Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height circumference (HtC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC), wrist circumference (WrC), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), were evaluated. The HbA1c level was categorized into two groups: good glycemic control (HbA1c≤ 7%) and poor (HbA1c&gt; 7%) glycemic control.&#x0D; Results. The mean daily fructose and sucrose intakes were 10.57 ± 8.28 g (2.38 ± 1.96%), and 29.21 ± 24.78 g (6.29 ± 5.35%), respectively. All the anthropometric measurements assessed were lower in the group with good glycemic control; however, only in case of BMI, MUAC, NC, and WrC, these differences were significant. Patients with good glycemic control were found to consume more fruit. Anthropometric measurements were not related to daily fructose intake, but positively associated with sucrose intake and HbA1c levels. Specifically, HbA1c levels were negatively associated with fiber intake and positively associated with sucrose intake. Moreover, HbA1c levels were positively affected by NC and consumption of non-alcoholic carbonated drinks, and negatively affected by WC and consumption of sugar-containing instant coffee.&#x0D; Conclusions. The mean daily fructose intake among diabetics was found to be moderate and sucrose intake was consistent with the recommended range. The level of HbA1c was shown to be associated with all the anthropometric parameters assessed, and it was found that sugar-sweetened beverages could affect the level of HbA1c. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate these relationships more comprehensively.

Effects of Cornus mas L. on anthropometric and biochemical parameters among metabolic associated fatty liver disease patients: Randomized clinical trial

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry, CM) fruits have been utilized for decades in numerous European and Asian countries as traditional cuisine and folk medicine. CM has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and hypolipidemic activities due to its rich bioactive compounds, and CM fruits and other parts have been used for the prevention and treatment of a diverse variety of diseases in folk medicine. Obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation are strongly associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), therefore, CM may be hope for MAFLD patients. Aim of the studyThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of lyophilized CM fruit powder with/without diet therapy on biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in patients with MAFLD. Materials and methodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 87 patients with MAFLD and 21 healthy individuals. Patients were randomly assigned into 4 groups: group-1 receiving 30 g/d lyophilized CM fruit powder plus diet therapy, group-2 receiving only diet therapy, group-3 receiving only 30 g/d lyophilized CM fruit powder, and group-4 had not undertaken any pharmacological treatment and diet therapy or lyophilized CM fruit powder for 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters, and anthropometric measurements at baseline and after the intervention were taken. ResultsAfter 8 weeks of intervention, a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, waist and hip circumferences, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hbA1c, liver enzymes, total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol were found in group-1, 2 and 3. ConclusionLyophilized CM fruit powder in addition to diet therapy and only diet therapy had a positive and similar effect on anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters in MAFLD patients. Furthermore, only lyophilized CM fruit powder improved glycemic parameters. Therefore, lyophilized CM fruit powder may be beneficial for adult patients with MAFLD.

Sexually dimorphic anthropometric measurements in patients with hypospadias and cryptorchidism.

Background: Inappropriate exposure or activity of sex hormones in-utero has been postulated as a leading cause for the development of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Anthropometric sexually dimorphic traits such as the 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D), anogenital distance (AGD) and the stretched penile length (SPL), have been associated with androgen and estrogen activity in-utero. Purpose: Evaluate anthropometric parameters in patients with hypospadias or cryptorchidism compared with healthy controls. Materials and methods: This is a case control study of male patients operated on between 2019 and 2020. Three groups were included: Hypospadias, cryptorchidism and a demographically similar control group. Anthropometric parameters 2D:4D, AGD and SPL were measured intra-operatively and compared between the groups. Results: Included in the study were 179 pediatric patients between the ages of 9-15 months (58 patients with hypospadias, 69 with cryptorchidism and 47 controls). There was no difference in AGD, 2D:4D and SPL between patients with cryptorchidism, hypospadias and controls. Conclusions: Anthropometric characteristics associated with androgen activity in utero were not different in patients with hypospadias and cryptorchidism compared with controls.

Serum visfatin levels are positively correlated with dietary carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

AimsTo investigate the relationship between dietary intake and biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements and serum visfatin concentrations. Study designA case-control study. MethodsThe study was carried out in 30 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30 sex, age and body mass index (BMI) matches healthy control subjects. Biochemical parameters (glycemic and lipid profile, insulin resistance), anthropometric measurements (weight and bioimpedance) and dietary intake evaluation were obtained. Visfatin was assayed with ELISA method. ResultsThe mean BMI of the case group was 31.36 ± 4.37 kg/m2 and 29.80 ± 3.53 kg/m2 in the control group (p = 0.134). The results revealed a significant increase in the weight, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, visceral fat ratio, fasting glucose level, HbA1c and fasting insulin as well as in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) among T2DM patients when compared with controls (p < 0.05). Serum visfatin levels were higher in the subjects with T2DM than healthy control subjects (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between visfatin levels and biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in patients with T2DM. Serum visfatin level was positively correlated with carbohydrate (CHO) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in T2DM patients (r = 0.406, p = 0.026; r = 0.404, p = 0.027, respectively). ConclusionT2DM patients compares with healthy control group increased serum visfatin levels. PUFA and CHO intake was found to be positively associated with visfatin levels.

Nutritional status of children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad: a case-control study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major life-long non-communicable illness correlated with obesity and chronic undernutrition. It is particularly important to monitor the nutritional status of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), as they are still growing and may be affected by the disease or associated conditions like celiac disease. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents with T1DM in Baghdad city and identify possible risk factors for undernutrition. A single-center, case-control study was conducted in Central Child's Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, over 9 months from November 2021 to July 2022. The study included patients with T1DM and healthy controls. Detailed history, clinical examination, and anthropometric measures were performed for all participants in the study. The mean age of the sample was 10.0 ±3.73 years and 8.68±3.1 years in diabetic patients and controls, respectively. Anthropometric measures in patients with type 1 diabetes were significantly lower than those of controls (P<0.001). All patients within the undernourished group were from large-size families compared with 75.76% of the normally nourished group, with a significant difference. The mean age of disease onset in the normal nourished group was 6.61 ± 2.78 years which was significantly earlier than that of the undernourished group (8.83 ± 2.89). Weight-for-age and BMI z-score had a significant negative correlation with HbA1c (r=-0.312, p=0.004, and r=-0.295, p=0.006, respectively). Patients with T1DM had significantly lower anthropometric measures than the normal population. Older children, female gender, large family size, and disease duration are independent predictors of undernutrition in T1DM. BMI and weight-for-age have a significant negative correlation with metabolic control of diabetes represented by HbA1c.

Difficult Airway Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea According to Sleep Endoscopy Scores

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the measures to evaluate difficult intubation and predictors of intubation difficulties in the preoperative period in patients undergoing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) surgery. With these measurements, both the modified Cormack Lehane score and obstructions during sleep endoscopy were evaluated. &#x0D; Material Methods: The study included 40 patients who presented at the outpatient clinic with the complaint of snoring, underwent polysomnography, and were diagnosed with OSAS between August 2018 and December 2019. Measurements were taken of the modified Mallampati Index, mouth opening, thyromental distance, and sternomental distance. The modified Cormack Lehane scoring system was applied after anesthesia induction.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: A statistically significant correlation was observed between thyromental distance and the Modified Cormack Lehane Scoring-system (MCLS) (p = 0.017) and between intubation time and MCLS (p = 0.012). As MCLS increased, the average intubation time increased. A statistically significant correlation was observed between external compression and MCLS (p = 0.001) and between the number of intubation trials and MCLS (p = 0.035). A positive correlation was found between MCLS and the desaturation index (p = 0.035, r = 0.343) and between the MCLS and the hypopnea index (p = 0.031, r = 0.342)&#x0D; Conclusion: There was found to be interdependence with the measurements related to difficult intubation according to both the sleep position and the apnea hypopnea index and hypopnea index

The novel predictor of metabolic risk in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: could it be the visceral adiposity index?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder in women of reproductive age, often accompanied by high androgen levels, irregular menstrual cycles and polycystic ovaries. In addition, patients with PCOS also present with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Recently, the gender-specific mathematical formulation called visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been widely used in assessing cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed at comparing the VAI values of patients with PCOS, patients with idiopathic hirsutism (IH) and a control group. We obtained demographic data, laboratory results and anthropometric measurements of patients from the hospital database. We retrospectively grouped all cases included in the study as PCOS (n = 52), IH (n = 57) and control (n = 58) according to the diagnoses. We also took venous samples for hormone and biochemical tests in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, at least 8-10 hours after fasting in the early morning hours. Finally, we evaluated the variables using SPSS 22.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). We included 167 female individuals in the study. Of these, 57 (34.1%) were diagnosed with IH, while 52 (31.1%) were diagnosed with PCOS. The control group comprised 58 (34.8%) healthy female individuals. The median age of the study group was 25 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 8 years]. The age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference values of the groups were similar. We found that the VAI values among the groups were significantly different (p = 0.028). Post-hoc analysis determined that this was due to the difference between the group with PCOS and the control group. In addition, we found significantly high HOMA-IR, fasting insulin and androgen levels in the group with PCOS (p < 0.001). After comparing data in groups with similar BMI levels, we found significantly high VAI values in patients with PCOS. The results reinforce the idea that VAI is a useful marker easily obtained in daily practice for assessing the cardiometabolic risk of patients with PCOS.

CORRELATION OF HAMSTRING GRAFT SIZE WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION AT CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE

Background: Injury to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) commonly occurs in knee injury usually requiring surgical intervention. Use of hamstring autograft for ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is commonly practiced. Many factors govern the selection of graft. Literature lacks studies showing correlation between anthropometric measurements of patients and the size of hamstring tendon graft in ACLR in Nepalese population. This study aimed to correlate anthropometric measurements to diameter and length of graft obtained. Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out from 17th April 2021 to 15th March 2022 and approved by CMC-IRC (Ref: CMC-IRC/078/079-094) and evaluating patients who have undergone surgery in Anthropometric measurements along with thigh length and circumference was measured pre-operatively. Length and diameter of prepared graft was measured intraoperatively before insertion. Forty (n=40) patients of mixed age, sex and ethnicity undergoing Arthroscopic ACLR were included. Statistical analysis was done to find correlation between anthropometric measurements and graft size harvested. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data collection was done in proforma. Data entry was done in Excel and and analysis was done in SPSS version 21. Results: Statistical analyses showed strong positive correlation between patient’s thigh length and graft diameter. Height shows positive correlation with graft length and diameter. Weight shows positive correlation with graft length. There was very low correlation of other variables with graft diameter and length which were statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Positive correlation factors (thigh length, height and weight) can be utilized to anticipate good quality graft and can be used during ACLR.

The Relationship between Bariatric Food Pyramid and Long-Term Anthropometric Measurements of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

The bariatric food pyramid is a standard for long-term healthy living and nutritional habits of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, taking their gastric capacity and special nutritional requirements into account. This study aimed to evaluate how the compliance with the pyramid affects the anthropometric change in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, depending on the period after surgery. 81 patients who have undergone bariatric surgery between August 2016 and September 2018 participated in the study. The patients were evaluated in the postoperative period and were divided into three groups according to the year they had the operation. Food consumption frequency information was obtained from the patients, and the amount of food consumed per day was recorded in grams. Protein, vegetable, fruit, grain, and oil consumption was calculated according to the pyramid and calculated as portions. A statistically significant difference was found for all three groups in terms of weight loss and body mass index (BMI) changes before and after surgery (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). It was observed that the amount of protein consumed by the patients was sufficient, cereal was high, and fruit was insufficient. Patients who consumed foods that were not recommended slowed in weight loss. In conclusion, it is estimated that increased consumption of grains and nonrecommended foods may cause weight gains. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to ensure that patients are fed in accordance with the pyramid and followed for many years.

Effect of Momordica charantia Administration on Anthropometric Measures and Metabolic Profile in Patients with Obesity: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) administration on anthropometric measures in patients with obesity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients with obesity. Twelve patients randomly received MC (2000 mg/day) for 12 weeks, and 12 patients received placebo. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, as well as clinical and laboratory determinations, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results showed that while reductions in BW, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage were observed in the MC group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Significant decreases in triglycerides (TG) (1.9 ± 0.6 mM vs. 1.7 ± 0.7 mM, P ≤ .05) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (0.4 ± 0.1 mM vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mM, P ≤ .05) levels were found after the intervention with MC. In contrast, significant increases in BW (83.0 ± 10.7 kg vs. 84.6 ± 9.1 kg, P ≤ .05) and BMI (31.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2 vs. 33.0 ± 1.3 kg/m2, P ≤ .05) were observed in the placebo group. In conclusion, no significant reductions in BW, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage were observed after MC administration; however, MC significantly decreased TG and VLDL levels. The protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04916379.

The NLRP3 inflammasome activation in subcutaneous, epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary by-pass surgery

Background and aimsEpicardial and pericardial adipose tissue (EAT and PAT) associate with atherosclerosis, however, discussed to have different inflammatory properties. We examined the NLRP3 inflammasome related pathway, playing a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, in EAT, PAT and subcutaneous AT (SAT), their relationship to cell types and anthropometric measures in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. MethodsBiopsies from EAT, PAT and SAT were collected from 52 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) (median body weight 85.0 kg) and 22 controls. RNA was extracted and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, Caspase-1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), IL-6, IL-6 receptor and gp130 were analyzed by RT-PCR. ResultsLimited differences in any genes between CHD patients and controls. IL-18 and IL-6 were 4-fold higher expressed in EAT versus PAT (p < 0.01, both) and SAT (p < 0.001, both), whereas caspase-1, IL-6R and gp130 were higher expressed in SAT compared to the other compartments (all p = 0.06-<0.001). Significant correlations between SAT and PAT gene expressions (r = 0.358–0.579, all p ≤ 0.01). Especially NLRP3 and TLR4 associated with the expression of macrophages in all compartments (all p < 0.001). In EAT IL-18 correlated inversely with the expression of macrophages and T-cells. In SAT and PAT most of the mediators associated with body weight. ConclusionsHigher expression of IL-18 and IL-6 was observed in EAT in our non-obese CHD patients, not related to inflammatory cells. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation in SAT that mirrored PAT, both related to anthropometrics, suggest that SAT samples, being easily available, to a certain degree, represent adipose tissue inflammation in general.

FEATURES OF COAGULOPATHY AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS AFTER COVID-19 INFECTION.

The aim: To determine the peculiarities of laboratory data concerning blood coagulation and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients in three months after discharge and recovery. The state of coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolytic systems, as well as their prognostic value having been well studied in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, their state three months after hospitalization, are not yet well understood. Materials and methods: Methods of randomization, anthropometry, ECG, standard clinical blood testing, immunoenzymometry, immunoanalysis, and primary statistical analysis were used in the study. Anthropometric measurements of patients (n=20), blood samples, blood serum samples, urine samples, and statistical data were the materials of the study. Results: Indices of coagulation and systemic inflammation in studied patients after COVID-19 were obtained (PTT, s ; PATPT, s; Fibrinogen, g/L; Platelets ×109 /L; PCT, ng/mL; DD, μg/L; СRP, mg/L; IL -6, pg/mL; IL -10, pg/mL; Cortisol (nM/L); CIC (IU/mL); Ig A (g/L). Conclusions: Summing up the results obtained, it is possible to assert micro- and macro-vascular thromboses to be common in COVID-19 cases; they are associated with poor prognosis for diseased patients and are not completely investigated; the role of thromboses in COVID-19 course and complications are to be studied as well as the strategies of fibrinolytic therapies for such condition are to be justified. The presence of specific rheological and serological changes in patients even three months after surviving COVID-19 needs further study to understand the necessity of anti-thrombolytic drug uptake for a relatively long time.

Ultrasonographic Determination of Portal Vein Diameter Among Adults with and without Chronic Liver Disease at Selected Referral Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.

BackgroundMeasuring portal vein diameter (PVD) is a feasible method of detecting portal vein hypertension, which is a primary and fatal complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) and is usually diagnosed very late. However, there is a paucity of morphometric information on portal vein diameter in the Ethiopian population. Hence, it is important to determine the portal vein diameter among adults with and without chronic liver disease.PurposeThe study aimed to identify how PVD is affected by age, sex, and anthropometric measurements in patients with and without CLD.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 participants (110 CLD patients and 110 controls) who have visited the radiology unit at selected Hospitals. Patients with CLD were selected consecutively as they present while controls were selected by a systematic sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Correlation and independent t-test were used to assess the relations. A statistically significant association was declared at P-value <0.05.ResultsMean portal vein diameter for CLD patients was 17.03±1.97 mm with a range of 12.8−20.8mm and 10.79±1.27mm with a range of 7.70–13.25mm for the control group. Age, weight, and body mass index had a positive correlation with portal vein diameter in both groups. The mean portal vein diameter increased by 21.34% during deep inspiration in the control group.ConclusionThe mean portal vein diameter among patients with CLD was higher than that of the control group. A significant gender-based difference was recorded in the portal vein diameter of the control group only. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive, readily available diagnostic tool for portal vein pathology.RecommendationIt is recommended for clinicians to take into consideration age, sex and anthropometric measurements while measuring PVD.

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin, is associated with significant reduction in weight, body mass index, fasting glucose, and A1c levels in Type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease: the SUPER GATE study

BackgroundEmpagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, yielded significant beneficiaries in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is particularly benefited the diabetic subjects with heart conditions.AimsWe aimed to obtain a real-world data about the effects of empagliflozin add-on treatment on metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, and anthropometric measures in patients with T2DM.MethodsType 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease whom empagliflozin added to their treatment were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measures, clinical and laboratory data, were obtained before and at the 6th month of the empagliflozin treatment. All data before and at the 6th month were compared.ResultsBody weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0.001), waist (p < 0.001) and hip (p < 0.001) circumferences, systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), heart rate (p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), and HbA1c (p < 0.001) levels were significantly reduced on 6th month of empagliflozin treatment compared to the baseline values. Estimated GFR (p = 0.66), serum creatinine (p = 0.8), uric acid (p = 0.40), total cholesterol (p = 0.053), triglyceride (p = 0.057), and HDL (p = 0.09) levels were not significantly changed.ConclusionsWe suggest that empagliflozin treatment may improve anthropometric measures, metabolic parameters, and blood pressure and does not cause deterioration in kidney functions in type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease.

The New Anthropometric Measures in Patients With Hypothyroidism

Backgrounds: We aimed to compare the new anthropometric measurements and traditional anthropometric measurements as body mass index which are used to display visceral adipose distribution in patients with hypothyroidism. We also aimed to investigate the new anthropometric measurements and Carotid intima media thickness as predictors of cardiovascular risk. Methods: We include patients with hypothyroidism and healthy controls. The patients were divided into 3 groups as overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and control groups. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, laboratory findings and CIMT of the patients and control group were also evaluated. Results: The mean ages of the patients in groups were 37.46 ± 8.89, 35.03 ± 13.06 and 38.79 ± 10.46 years respectively (p=0.876). The average of waist circumference in overt hypothyroidism group was statistically higher than control (p&amp;lt;0.01). The averages of waist circumference/height circumference in the hypothyroidism groups were statistically higher than the control. There was a strong correlation according to body adiposity index, abdominal volume index, and body roundness index as new anthropometric measurements and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/height ratio (r&amp;gt;0.750 p&amp;lt;0.001 for all values). The mean value of carotid intima media thickness of the overt hypothyroidism group was significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusions: We found strong correlations between new anthropometric and traditional anthropometric measurements in patient with hypothyroidism. Cardiometabolic risk has increased in patients with hypothyroidism, and routine use of new anthropometric measurements displaying body fat distribution and central obesity will be useful for early detection and treatment of cardiovascular complications.