Anthony's Hospital Research Articles

The Relationship of Knowledge about Patient Care with Family Anxiety Levels in Intensive Care Unit of Antonius Pontianak Hospital

In the intensive care unit of Santo Antonius Hospital Pontianak with p value = 0.00 Family members will experience anxiety when facing one of the family members who is admitted to the ICU. Anxiety in the family can interfere with the patient's treatment process, because anxiety can cause stress in the family that can affect treatment support. Method: This study is a quantitative research that uses a correlative descriptive design with a cross sectional design. Sampling sampling technique with Total Sampling of 41 people. Croncbach's Alpha validity test result of 0.901 and proven reliable with > result of 0.6 Result: Most of the respondents (56.1%) had good knowledge about treatment in the ICU of St. Antonius Hospital Pontianak. Almost half of the respondents (36.6%) experienced mild anxiety because their families were treated at St. Anthony's Hospital. The results of statistical tests using Chi Square and the level of significance (α) 0.05 were obtained There is a relationship between knowledge about patient care and the level of family anxiety in the intensive care unit room of St. Antonius Hospital Pontianak with a p value = 0.001. Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge about patient care and the level of family anxiety.

Anxiety Level of Inpatient Families in General ICU Room of St. Anthony Hospital Pontianak

The condition of patients who are treated in intensive care causes families to become depressed and feel anxious. This study aims to describe the level of anxiety of families of inpatients in the General ICU room of St. Antonius Hospital Pontianak, This research method is quantitative using a descriptive design, The population in this study is the family of patients treated in the General ICU room of St. Antonius Hospital Pontianak with a sample of 42 people and the sampling technique in this study uses accidental sampling. The results showed that almost half of the respondents, namely 17 people (41%) had mild anxiety, as many as 11 people (26%) were seriously anxious, a small percentage of 7 people (17%) were not anxious, a small part of 6 people (14%) were moderately anxious, and a small part of 1 person (2%) was panicked. Families of patients admitted to the ICU mostly have mild anxiety. Future suggestions for nurses to approach psychologically, as well as improve skills in conducting behavioral therapy to reduce anxiety.

1228: RAPID SEQUENCE INTUBATION MEDICATION PANEL: OPTIMIZING WORKFLOW AND SAFETY

1University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 2Seattle Cancer Care Alliance 3Centura Health St. Anthony Hospital

Predictors of Perforated Appendix among Children

Objective: This study explores whether nominal demographics, symptoms, signs and laboratory predictors can determine a perforated appendix in pediatric population at an urban community hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed including variables such as demographics, clinical signs, symptoms and laboratory predictors. The patient population consisted of all children between the ages of 0 and 18 years who were treated for acute appendicitis between January 2014-December 2014. Patients with perforated appendicitis were identified using coding data. Results: During the 1-year period, 74 patients were treated for appendicitis. Using correlation and logistic regression, nineteen variables were assessed for any relationship to a ruptured appendix in these patients. No substantial correlations were detected. Conclusions: There have been reports of racial and socioeconomic disparities with regards to perforated appendicitis in children. However, there is not enough evidence in the literature that supports the prediction of perforated appendix based on clinical and laboratory values. This study, at Saint Anthony Hospital, found no correlation between socioeconomic status, clinical presentation, laboratory values and ruptured appendix.

Successful Collaborative Model for STEMI Care Between a STEMI-Referral and a STEMI Receiving Center

Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) greatly benefit from a rapid door-to-balloon (D2B) time. For hospitals without a catheterization laboratory, it is imperative to establish partnerships with a STEMI receiving center (SRC). STEMI systems of care have been established to facilitate these relationships to improve rapid reperfusion. We describe the experience and benefits of such a relationship. A partnership between our 2 institutions was established in April 2011. Saint Anthony Hospital (SAH) of Chicago is an inner city hospital with interventional cardiologists on staff, but no catheterization laboratory. Before the partnership, STEMI patients were transferred 8 miles to a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital on the city's north side. Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) is an academic medical center with 24/7/365 PCI capability. SAH decided that a transfer relationship with a closer SRC would benefit patient care. The following steps were taken: both hospitals signed a STEMI transfer agreement for STEMI transfers regardless of insurance status; an education process occurred at both hospitals; agreement that transferred patients would follow-up at the STEMI referring hospital (SAH); a contract with a single ambulance provider was signed; a simple STEMI protocol was adopted. In 2010, SAH saw 20 patients with STEMI. Average time from patient arrival to leaving the emergency department (ED) [Door-in-Door-out (DIDO)] was 83 minutes, these times were not tracked carefully; approximate transfer time to SRC was 25 minutes; Door1-2-Balloon (D12B) time was not recorded. Since the new protocol, 44 patients transferred to RUMC for PCI to date. Median (inclusive minimum, maximum) time from ED arrival (D1) at referral hospital to SRC (D2) was 52 minutes (56, 192) for all PCI cases; 11 patients transferred did not have PCI; 1 patient expired upon arrival; and median time to first PCI device (D12B) was 86 minutes (53-167). Streamlining STEMI patient care to reduce D2B is a major priority. We have demonstrated that establishing a transfer program between a STEMI-Referral Hospital (SRH) and SRC can markedly improve time to reperfusion. This approach has resulted in D12B that match or exceeds the D2B for nontransfer patients at most STEMI-receiving hospitals.

The prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women living in a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria.

Malaria during pregnancy continues to be a major health problem in endemic countries with clinical consequences including death of both mother and child. In Nigeria, statistics shows that as many as 300,000 lives especially those of children and pregnant women are lost annually to malaria. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women living in Ojo local council, a suburb of Lagos Nigeria, which is characterized by unstable transmission of malaria. 50 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the popular saint Anthony Hospital and Maternity Home in Ojo local government area of Lagos were recruited for this study. This study was carried out April 2009 to September 2009 (Period of high malaria transmission). The result showed that malaria infection was prevalent during pregnancy. A total of 26 (52%) of the pregnant women were positive to and showed symptoms of malaria while 24 (48%) were negative and showed no symptoms of malaria. Primigravidae were more susceptible to the parasite especially Plasmodium falciparum with mean parasite density of 2112.50 ± 420.90 (parasite/ml) than the multigravidas with parasite density 446.70 ± 296.90 (parasite/ml). The results showed the prevalence of malaria infection especially P. falciparum infection in pregnant women living in the area and that the younger women were more at risk. Malaria should therefore be recognized as a global priority in health care more so in pregnancy. Key words: Malaria, pregnancy, prevalence, Lagos.

An Image from Oklahoma City

For the past thirty-one years, I have worked as a free-lance sports and commercial pho tographer based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Growing up in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, I learned about the world of photography from my father, who traveled everywhere for the Phillips Petroleum Company and brought back pictures that he had taken with his simple camera. While serving in the U.S. Navy, I bought my first camera, a Pentax Spot matic, and I was hooked on the field. On April 19, 1995, my focus changed at once and permanently?from taking sports shots to covering events related to the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Building and its aftermath. I must have learned on the fly to take pic tures in a photojournalistic style. One of the images that I took early on involved a rescue worker, Anthony Skip Fernandez III from Miami, Florida, and his golden retriever, Aspen. To explain how that picture came to be taken, I feel that it is best to go back to April 19, 1995, and write a little about that day and the week that followed. On April 19, 1995, at 9:02 a.m., when a bomb inside a Ryder rental truck exploded, life as I knew it changed forever. That morning, I was at work at a retail camera store as usual. Since I had just arrived, I was chatting with a couple of co-workers at our downstairs counter when our building, located about two miles northwest of the Murrah Building, started shaking from the shock wave of the explosion. Both of the doors started shaking, and the motion did not let up for what seemed like five to ten seconds. None of our windows blew in, and later I thought to myself that we were lucky. Photographers in Oklahoma City and others from throughout the United States who descended on our city began to show the world what had happened. On April 19, the only pictures I took were a series of photos of the building around 1:30 p.m. I wanted to see what the building looked like after the explosion. On that particular day, having noth ing previously scheduled and no idea what the day would bring, I had left my equipment at home. As a result, during my lunch hour I had to go home and get the photo equip ment I needed. In retrospect, there have been times when I wished I had grabbed a cam era and film from work and gone downtown right away. (Later I spoke with people who had been in that area; all they could talk about was the carnage they had seen.) But I did not go downtown that morning, and I now have no regrets about that. I had an idea for a good vantage point; I positioned myself on the southeast side of a six-story parking garage across the street directly south of St. Anthony Hospital. Using a

Synopsis of Operative Surgery. By H. E. Mobley, M.D., F.A.C.S., Chief, of Surgery at St. Anthony's Hospital, Morrilton, Arkansas. 8⅛ × 5 in. Pp. 375, with 339 illustrations, of which 39 are in colour. 1940. London: Henry Kimpton. 21s. net

Synopsis of Operative Surgery. By H. E. Mobley, M.D., F.A.C.S., Chief, of Surgery at St. Anthony's Hospital, Morrilton, Arkansas. 8⅛ × 5 in. Pp. 375, with 339 illustrations, of which 39 are in colour. 1940. London: Henry Kimpton. 21s. net

Neurorehabilitation of the multifaceted and complicated neurologic problems associated with lightning and electrical injuries

As a force of pure power and magnificence, nothing in nature surpasses lightning. As a force of importance to the workings and achievements of modern civilization, nothing outranks electricity. Both lightning and electricity, however, can be extremely dangerous and can cause devastating injuries. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the arenas of trauma and rehabilitation that can apply to the management of lightning and electrical injuries [1,2]. Most medical centers are equipped with both trauma centers and major rehabilitation services. This issue of NeuroRehabilitation is dedicated to current neurorehabilitation issues of lightning and electrical injuries. The authors are especially competent to write on their topics. This issue contains important information that cannot easily be found in a single publication. Neurorehabilitation of lightning injuries is essential in the treatment of many, if not most, of these patients. It is surprising, therefore, that there are only a few articles in the literature regarding neurorehabilitation in lightning injuries. As a matter of fact, a PubMed search of this subject yielded only one article solely devoted to this subject. This issue of the journal is dedicated to various neurorehabilitation aspects of this important matter. By contrast, the medical literature on rehabilitation of electrical injury burns and amputations is sizeable. Severe burns and muscle necrosis are much more likely to occur in generated electrical trauma cases than in lightning patients. The treatment of these severe burns often requires both surgery and rehabilitation. To open this issue, I present the spectrum of neurologic complications that can tragically ravage those individuals struck by lightning. The subsequent chapters are written by renowned national and international authorities in the field lightning injuries and electrical trauma. Daniel Lammertse, an internationally recognized authority on spinal cord injuries, is especially equipped to write the chapter on spinal cord injuries in lightning and electrical trauma. Dan is Medical Director of Craig Hospital, a renowned center for the treatment of spinal cord diseases. Dan is also a member of the Lightning Data Center. The article on Neurorehabilition of patients with cerebral damage is written by Philip Yarnell, who has extensive experience in treating head trauma and the neurologic complications of lightning/electrical injuries. Phil spent years as Director of Neurology at Denver General Hospital. For twelve years, he has been an active member of the St. Anthony Hospital Lightning Data Center, a referral facility for lightning and electrical trauma cases. Wolfgang Jost is Chief of the Department of Neurology of the Deutsche Kinik fur Diagnostik in Wiesbaden. He is an authority on the evaluation of autonomic nervous dysfunction in various neurologic dis-

Systemic manifestations in response to mydriasis and physical examination during screening for retinopathy of prematurity

Infant's distress during funduscopic examination has been demonstrated in previous studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether adverse effects manifested via vital sign changes during the screening examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are because of the pharmacologic properties of the eye drops or to physical manipulation of the eyes. The authors also investigated the relationship between distress during the screening process and the severity of prematurity of the infant. In a prospective observational study, all infants (n = 30) either weighing ≤1500 g or who were ≤32 weeks gestational age at birth and were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Northwest Texas Hospital or Baptist St. Anthony's Hospital from June 2002 to February 2003 were enrolled. Blood pressure, pulse, temperature, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded at different time intervals during the examination. Infants were excluded from the study if they were on the ventilator, considered acutely ill, born with significant birth defects, or currently taking inotropic drugs, or had received albuterol two hours before the examination. The authors found that oxygen saturation and pulse rate following physical manipulation of the eyes significantly varied from baseline values and the values obtained during the three instillations of topical mydriatics. No significant changes in blood pressure, temperature, or respiratory rate from their respective baseline values were observed throughout the ROP screening examination. Gestational age of the infant did not correlate with level of distress during the examination. The authors conclude that regardless of the severity of prematurity, infants seem to undergo significant distress during the eyelid speculum examination. Thus ophthalmologists should take into consideration the infant's discomfort caused by physical manipulation of the eyes and attempt to perform the examination as quickly and as safely as possible using topical anesthetic.—Valerie Biousse

The Case for Diethylstilbestrol

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Special Communication1 Jan 2003The Case for Diethylstilbestrol JOHN A. WHITESEL JOHN A. WHITESELJOHN A. WHITESEL More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64099-2AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Case for Diethylstilbestrol." The Journal of Urology, 169(1), pp. 290–291 References 1 : Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res1941; 1: 293. Google Scholar 2 Treatment and survival of patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The Veterans Administration Co-Operative Urological Research Group. Surg Gynecol Obstet1967; 124: 1011. Google Scholar 3 : The final analysis of the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Co-Operative Group phase III clinical trial (protocol 30805) comparing orchiectomy, orchiectomy plus cyproterone acetate and low dose stilboestrol in the management of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Eur Urol1995; 28: 273. Google Scholar 4 : European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) prostate cancer trials, 1976–1996. Urology1998; 51: 50. Google Scholar 5 : A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med1989; 321: 419. Google Scholar 6 : Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med1998; 339: 1036. Google Scholar 7 : Safety and efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate under sedoanalgesia. BJU Int2000; 86: 220. Google Scholar 8 Personal communication. Walgreen Drug Stores, Denver, Colorado. Google Scholar 9 Personal communication. Billing Department, Western Urology Surgery Center, Wheatridge, Colorado Google Scholar 10 Personal communication. Finance Department, St. Anthony Hospital, Denver, Colorado. Google Scholar 11 Personal communication. Union Square Pharmacy, Inc., Lakewood, Colorado Google Scholar 12 : A structured debate: immediate versus deferred androgen suppression in prostate cancer—evidence for deferred treatment. J Urol2001; 166: 508. Abstract, Google Scholar From the Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado© 2003 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySCHERR D and PITTS W (2018) The Nonsteroidal Effects of Diethylstilbestrol: The Rationale for Androgen Deprivation Therapy Without Estrogen Deprivation in the Treatment of Prostate CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 170, NO. 5, (1703-1708), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2003. Volume 169Issue 1January 2003Page: 290-291 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2003 by American Urological Association, Inc.Keywordsprostateneoplasm metastasisdiethylstilbestrolprostatic neoplasmsMetricsAuthor Information JOHN A. WHITESEL More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Reviews and Notes: Cardiology: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and Interpretations

Literature of Medicine1 September 1993Reviews and Notes: Cardiology: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and InterpretationsRonald R. Hope, MDRonald R. Hope, MDSt. Anthony's Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK 73106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00048 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and InterpretationsSecond edition. Mark E. Josephson. 839 pages. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993. $95.00.A generation ago, general medicine textbooks began to be accompanied by more specialized medical texts, which discussed subspecialties of medicine in greater depth and with greater authority. Subspecialty books were often written by one author but have since become multiauthored, monumental treatises themselves. This has become necessary with the vast development of general medical knowledge and the advancement of medical sciences.A general cardiology textbook is often more useful to an internist or general physician than to a cardiologist. The intense training of a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Anthony's Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK 73106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdrenergic Nervous System Influences on the Induction of Ventricular Tachycardia 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 444-445KeywordsArrhythmiaCardiac ablationCardiac electrophysiologyCardiovascular diseasesCathetersPacemakersSub-specialty careTachycardia Issue Published: 1 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

A Fifteenth-Century Lawsuit: The Case of St Anthony's Hospital

It is well known that the Council of Constance (1414–18) was concerned with reform, heresy and – above all – the ending of the Great Schism of the papacy. However, comparatively few realise how many personal and institutional suits were heard at tribunals there. Christopher Crowder has asserted with justifiable exaggeration that more ‘ecclesiastical carpetbaggers’ were in attendance than ‘ecclesiastical statesman’. This article, based on hitherto unused material, is a case study which presents the activities of certain ‘carpetbaggers’ and their agents in some detail. It is offered partly because it further documents Crowder's assertion, partly because it supports his conclusion that judicial procedures at the papal curia in the late Middle Ages operated with great continuity, and partly because it suggests how closely King Henry v could concern himself with the details of ecclesiastical business. It also throws unusual light on medieval English hospitals, especially on alien priory establishments. Furthermore, it exemplifies the inordinate amounts of time, documentation, money and gifts required in order to pursue cases at the papal curia; difficulties stemming from reliance on proctors there; the time lags and other problems related to international correspondence and financial transactions in the early fifteenth century; and connections between ‘carpetbaggers’ and ‘ecclesiastical statesmen’ that sometimes affected curia cases.

Femur fractures in alpine skiers.

From the years 1982 to 1989, 377 patients with alpine skiing-related injuries were admitted to St. Anthony's Hospital (a level one regional trauma center). Fifty femur fractures were recorded in 48 patients: 29 femoral shaft fractures (2 open), 15 hip fractures, and 6 supracondylar fractures (2 open). In the femoral shaft fracture group, the predominant fracture pattern was a short, transverse, comminuted fracture, illustrating the high kinetic energy of the accident. In this group, 11 patients returned to skiing, 7 of whom had hardware in place. Of the 10 Garden femoral neck fractures, 4 progressed to avascular necrosis. Three patients required press-fit total hip arthroplasties. Only 4 of these 10 patients returned to skiing. Median injury severity scores were 9.1 in 345 patients (94%), suggesting isolated trauma. Collisions with trees or poles accounted for 32% (15 patients) of all injuries. Follow-up data on return to skiing was available on 43 patients and of these 19 (44%) returned to skiing.

Prediction of breast-feeding attrition: Instrument development

satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Quality Assurance, 2(3), 1117. Carey, R., & Pascoe, E. (1982). Using patient information to identify areas for service improvement. Health Care Management, 7, 43-48. Cleary, J., & McNeil, S. (1988). Patient satisfaction as an indicator of quality care. Inquiry, 25, 25-36. Derdiarian, A. (1990). Effects of using systematic assessment instruments on patient and nurse satisfaction with nursing care. Oncology Nursing Forum, 17, 95-100. Donabedian, A. (1966). Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 44, 166-206. Erickson, L. (1987). Patient satisfaction: An indicator of nursing quality. Nursing Management, 18, 31-35. Fleming, G. (1981). Hospital structure and consumer satisfaction. Health Service Research, 16, 43-63. Grambo, M. (Ed.). (1986). Guest relations a source of revenue. In Hospital Guest Relations Report. Washington, DC: St. Anthony's Hospital Press. Hinshaw, A., & Atwood, J. (1982). A patient satisfaction instrument: Precision by replication. Nursing Research, 31, 170-175. La Monica, E., Oberst, M., Madea, A., & Wolf, R. (1986). Development of a patient satisfaction scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 9, 43-50. Oberst, M. (1984, May 15). Measurement of quality and satisfaction. Cancer, (Supp.), 2366-2373. Pascoe, G. (1983). Patient satisfaction in primary health care: A literature review and analysis. Evaluation and Program Planning, 6, 185-210. Petersen, M. (1988). Measuring patient satisfaction: Collecting useful data. Journal of Nursing Quality Assurance, 2, 2535. Risser, N. (I 975). Development of an instrument to measure patient satisfaction with nurses and nursing care in a primary care setting. Nursing Research, 24, 45-52. Seguin, L., Therrien, R., Champagne, F., & Larouche, D. (1989). The components of women's satisfaction with maternity care. Birth, 16, 109-113. Swan, J. (1985). Deepening the understanding of hospital patient satisfaction: Fulfillment and equity effects. Journal of Health Care Marketing, 5, 7-18. Ware, l., Davies-Avery, A., & Stewart, A. (1978). The measurement and meaning of patient satisfaction. Health & Medical Care Services, 1, 1-15.

Analysis of Posttraumatic Syndrome Following a Mild Head Injury

Medical, financial and legal implications of prolonged disability after mild head injury are significant. In this study, researchers examined symptoms and psychosocial sequelae of head trauma three and six months after mild head injury in a group of 75 adult patients admitted to the trauma service of St. Anthony Hospital, Denver, Colorado. Results support the following conclusions: (1) nursing observation plays a key role in identification of patients at risk for posttraumatic syndrome; (2) early intervention may facilitate the recovery process; (3) support from family and significant others is an important aspect of recovery; and (4) as expressed by patients and family during follow-up interviews, education by nurses is an important factor in lowering anxiety and frustration during recovery. Data collected identify patients at risk for difficulties in recovery. Symptoms most frequently seen and average length of recovery were also addressed in the study.

One approach to quantifying the CNS role.

GWEN BRIEGER, MSN, RN, CNRN, was a Neuro-Ortho Clinical Specialist and DUANNE FOSTER SMITH, MA, RN, CCRN, was a Cardiovascular Clinical Nurse Specialist and THERESA MEUNCHAU, MS, RN, CCRN, was a Pulmonary Clinical Nurse Specialist, all at St. Anthony Hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Currently, GWEN BRIEGER is the Neuro Clinical Coordinator at St. Anthony Hospital in Oklahoma City, DuANNE FOSTER SMITH is a Cardiovascular/Transplant Clincal Nurse Specialist at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota and THERESA MUENCHAU is a Pulmonary Clinical Nurse Specialist at Presbyterian Hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Model Private Review Agreement: Utilization Review Agreement Guidelines for Commercial Non-Delegated Review

17 pages, $50.00, available from: Colorado Prospective Payment Professionals, c/o Karla Henrich, St. Anthony Hospital, 4231 W. 16th Ave., Denver, CO., 80204.

English Glosses from British Library Additional Manuscript 37075 ed. by Thomas W. Ross, Edward Brooks, Jr.

REVIEWS THOMAS W. Ross and EDWARD BROOKS, JR., eds. English Glosses from British Library Additional Manuscript 37075. Norman, Okla.: Pil­ grim Books, 1984. Pp. xv, 160. $39.95. British Library Additional MS 37075 is "a massive manual of instruction" compiled in the late fifteenth century, almost certainly for the use of a schoolmaster in the education of young prospective clerks. From this Thomas Ross and Edward Brooks have extracted and printed several series of Latin-English vocabularies, including a nominale (fols. 309ff.). The interest ofsuch works is primarily linguistic, or as an indication oftedious medieval instructional methods, but the present word lists have some humorous touches- the addition of some glosses possibly occasioned by the suggestibility of the prurient schoolboy (or schoolmaster?) mind on folio 323v and the jotting down (twice) of a clever homosexual verse on folios 244 and 275. The entries are attractively presented, with such nonessential material as Latin principal parts omitted. A comparison of the frontispiece with the text reveals no errors oftranscription, though it is not clear why the editors should retain the indefinite article found in the manuscript for some English glosses and not for others, e.g., "costa, rybbe," "os, bone," "tibea, legge," yet "femur, crus, a thy," "scrutum, a trype," "diafragma, a mydrefe." The six-page introduction is rather slight. The editors appear to have been unaware of the long and detailed description of the manuscript in David Thomson, A Descriptive Catalogue ofMiddle English Grammatical Texts (New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1979), pp. 219-32. Some discrepancies exist between the twoaccounts; e.g., Additional 37075 has 385 paper leaves (Ross and Brooks), 413 paper and parchment leaves (Thomson). Thomson carefully lists the hands of the manuscript, which range between the mid- and the late fifteenth century; Ross and Brooks simply note the existence of several hands, "all... from the late fifteenth century," and do not clearly differentiate hands within the body of the edited text. Ross and Brooks suggest that at least a part of the manuscript was copied at Warwick, but Thomson is probably correct that the phrase "a Warrewyke" preserves the name of the scribe. The former associate the manuscript with Saint Anthony's School in London and note the occur­ rence of the name Claveryng, "a noted North Country family"; Thomson 237 STUDIES IN THE AGE OF CHAUCER recordsJohn Claveryng as the major scribe and assembler of the compila­ tion and would identify him as a rector of that name of three parishes in the London area in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Thomson also indicates a possible connection withJohn Carpenter, master of Saint Anthony's Hospital in 1441, when the grammar school was sanctioned, who was earlier associated with the foundation of Eton(pp. 17-18), and points out that the compiled manual of teaching materials belonged to the school rather than to the individual schoolmaster. I have a few quibbles about individual points in the introduction. Some of the nominates in Thomas Wright, ed., Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies, 2d ed., rev. Richard PaulWiilcker(London, 1884), are closer in organization and lexis to Additional 37075 than is the Promptorium parvulorum, which is suggested as a similar work (p. ix). Paddystolys "toadstools" is not a totally unrecorded word(pp. ix, 15); it is, rather, an otherwise unrecorded spelling with -i- ofpad(d)estol(see MED, s.v.pad(e n.; OED, s.v. pad sb.1; cf. English Dialect Dictionary, s.v. pad sb.3). Similarly,on p. xii, messelyne "mixed grain"is just anearlieroccurrenceof this spelling than hitherto known(see OED, s.v. mas/in sb.2; MED, s.v. mestelion n. and cf. mas/inn.); trefoldis an unrecorded substantive sense of threefold, rather than an unrecorded word; borowe "pledge" is in MED as a variant spelling of borgh n.; mantyll probably means "mantle" and not "mantel," for I can find no evidence for medieval Latin c!amis (classical Latin chlamys, from Greek) meaning anything other than "cloak" (in which case the word is amply represented from earlier sources in MED, s.v. mantel n.); maindyr may not be a new word but a total scribal corruption of some form of "adder," as...

Helicopter, other `air ambulances': time to assess effectiveness?

A sheaf of news releases on expanded or new hospital-based ambulance services has gone out in recent months as this type of service enters a high growth phase. Now that dedicated hospital-based programs have been in operation in this country a dozen years, some observers suggest, it may be possible to begin to assess their effectiveness. The main question is whether these programs— which at a starting cost of about $500,000 a year admittedly are very expensive to maintain—upgrade the delivery of emergency services enough to be worth the tab. Also to be answered is whether helicopter transport itself may, at least on occasion, put patients at increased risk of further injury. What appears to be the progenitor of all programs in the United States is at St Anthony's Hospital in Denver. Henry Cleveland, MD, one of its founders, is forthright in his assessment of air transportation for medical