Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis Research Articles

Interim use of Hyrax Screw Assembly for Single-Step Closure of Small Alveolar Cleft before Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) is often used for the correction of maxillary retrognathia in select cleft lip and palate cases. The restoration of alveolar arch continuity is desirable before the initiation of AMDO in these cleft maxillary deformities; however, AMDO is technically difficult in a patient with coexisting alveolar cleft where there is a discontinuity of the defect that presents a challenge in terms of adequate vector control of the movement of the anterior segment and the potential risk of tipping of teeth, which already have compromised anchorage/bone support on the cleft side. The treatment becomes more challenging when ongoing management is compounded by failed previous alveolar cleft grafting procedures, along with the patient’s reluctance to undergo further grafting of alveolar clefts. This technical note demonstrates a novel application of the modification of the Hyrax screw where an initially fully opened Hyrax screw was utilised as an interim assembly for accomplishing the single-step closure of a small alveolar cleft before the commencement of anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis. This technique may prove to be feasible for patients presenting with alveolar cleft defects of smaller widths of up to 5 mm and relatively well-aligned upper arches. Keywords: Distraction Osteogenesis; Cleft Palate; Cleft Alveolar; Maxillary Osteotomy; India.

Orthodontic Challenges and Management In Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis In Cleft Lip And Palate

Orthodontic Challenges and Management In Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis In Cleft Lip And Palate

Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis With Bone-borne Intraoral Buccal Devices for Maxillary Hypoplasia With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) surgery for cleft lip and palate involves distraction of a segment of the anterior maxilla and advancement using 2 intraoral buccal bone-borne distraction devices. The anterior part of the maxilla is advanced anteriorly with less relapse which increases maxillary length and does not affect speech. We aimed to evaluate the effects of AMDO, including lateral cephalometric changes. Seventeen patients who had undergone this procedure were included in this retrospective study. The distractors were activated by 0.5mm twice a day after a 3-day latency period. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated preoperatively, after distraction and removal of distractors, which were compared using the paired Student's t test. Anterior maxillary advancement was obtained in all patients with a median of 8.0mm. Complications included nasal bleeding and loosening of distractors; however, there was no tooth damage or abnormal movement. The mean sella-nasion-A point (SNA) angle increased significantly, from 74.91° to 79.66°, the A point-nasion-B point angle from -0.38° to 4.34°, and the perpendicular line from nasion to Frankfort Horizontal (NV)-A point from -5.11 to 0.08mm. The mean anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine length increased significantly from 50.74 to 55.10mm, and the NV-Nose Tip from 23.59 to 26.27mm. The mean relapse rate of NV-A was 11.1%. AMDO with bone-borne distractor resulted in less relapse and effectively corrected the maxillary retrusion.

Easy low-cost surgical guide for anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis with intraoral buccal devices

Easy low-cost surgical guide for anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis with intraoral buccal devices

Minimally-invasive anterior maxillary distraction technique in patients with cleft lip and palate and maxillary deficiency: an evaluation of 106 patients.

Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a minimally-invasive surgical technique for anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis to correct maxillary hypoplasia in patients with clefts. A modified Y distractor was placed intraorally in 106 patients with cleft- associated maxillary deficiency to facilitate protraction of the maxilla. Subsequently the patients had an anterior maxillary osteotomy through a minimally invasive incision, followed by activation of the appliance at the rate of 0.8mm/day until positive overjet was achieved. The patient's lateral cephalograms were evaluated preoperatively (T1), after activation (T2), and one year postoperatively (T3). Collected data were assessed with the paired t test, and probabilities of < 0.001 were accepted as significant. A mean (SD) of 10.4 (2.58) mm anterior maxillary advancement was obtained in all patients after 10-13 days of distraction. The sella-nasion-point A (SNA) angle increased from 75.37° to 83.01°. When we compared the cephalometric variables at T1 and T2, the mean maxillary length and overjet at T2 were significantly higher (p<0.001). The comparison of mean values at T2 and T3 was not significant. Minimally invasive anterior maxillary distraction with the modified Y distractor resulted in changes after activation that were consistent one year postoperatively, making it a conservative, less traumatic, and effective treatment of cleft-related maxillary deficiency.

Relapse rate after surgical treatment of maxillary hypoplasia in non-growing cleft patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate is a complex deformity. Despite surgical improvements, postoperative relapse persists. This systematic review was performed to determine the mean horizontal relapse rates for the surgical techniques used to treat maxillary hypoplasia: Le Fort I osteotomy with rigid fixation, Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis, and anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis. This study followed the PRISMA statement. The PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were searched through to June 2018. Studies on non-growing cleft lip and palate patients who had undergone one of the three surgical procedures and who had postoperative horizontal maxillary changes assessed at >6 months post-surgery were included. Stata SE was used to estimate pooled means, heterogeneity, and publication bias. The search strategy identified 326 citations, from which 24 studies were selected. Relapse rates following Le Fort I osteotomy with rigid fixation, Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis, and anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis were 20%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. Relapse rates with and without bone grafting were 19% and 66%, respectively. The relapse rate following distraction osteogenesis with internal distraction was lower than that with external distraction. Study limitations were heterogeneity, which was above moderate, the low number of high-quality studies, and unidirectional assessment of postoperative maxillary movement.

Nasolabial and Interincisal Angle Evaluation in Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis: A Case Study:

Maxillary hypoplasia is a common developmental problem in cleft lip and palate deformities. These deformities have traditionally been corrected by means of orthognathic surgery. Management of skeletal deformities in the maxillofacial region has been a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique that uses body's own repairing mechanisms for optimal reconstruction of the hard and soft tissues. We present four cases of anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis with tooth-borne distraction device— Hyrax, which were analyzed retrospectively using cephalometrics. Changes in nasolabial angle and interincisal angle after distraction of anterior maxillary segment were studied to conclude that there was no much change in the the nasolabial angle while the interincisal angle showed marked improvement.

Nasopharyngoscopic Analyses through Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis for Adolescent Patients With Cleft Palate

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) is a novel technique for correcting hypoplastic maxilla by sagittal expansion of the maxilla. Recent reports suggest that AMDO does not have an effect on fragile velopharyngeal function in patients with cleft palate. Furthermore, no studies have evaluated the impact of AMDO on velopharyngeal function.We adopted AMDO to correct severe hypoplastic maxilla in adolescent patients with cleft palate and evaluated its impact on velopharyngeal space and function in 8 patients aged 12 to 21 years who underwent AMDO from 2006 to 2014. All the patients had received treatment for cleft palate; however, they still exhibited marginal velopharyngeal insufficiency. The mean activation of the distractor was 10.9 ± 0.9 mm.We determined changes in velopharyngeal closure ratio and closure pattern via nasopharyngoscopy. Additionally, skeletal changes were evaluated using lateral cephalograms.The mean horizontal advancement in the cephalogram obtained 1 year after the distraction was +6.4 mm. Nasopharyngoscopic examination revealed that no deterioration of velopharyngeal gap had occurred after AMDO in all 8 patients. The velopharyngeal closure pattern changed from coronal to circular in 1 patient.Our results indicate that AMDO achieved correction of hypoplastic maxilla without deterioration in velopharyngeal gap and function. Therefore, AMDO is an effective and optimal approach for correcting hypoplastic maxilla especially in patients with fragile velopharyngeal function, such as those with cleft palate.

Cephalometric evaluation of patients treated by maxillary anterior segmental distraction

Background: Maxillary hypoplasia secondary to repaired cleft lips and palates is common. The extent of hypoplasia is dependent on several factors. It is not possible to correct maxillary hypoplasia by conventional orthodontics and relapse is common after orthognathic advancement of the maxilla with or without grafts. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) offers a promising alternative for the management of congenital and acquired facial deformities that require bone lengthening. It is less invasive than traditional surgical techniques, requires less surgical time, and eliminates the need for a donor site operation. In addition, simultaneous soft-tissue expansion may improve long-term skeletal stability. DO allows the body's natural healing mechanisms to generate new bone for augmenting or lengthening bone. The purpose of this study was to enumerate and compare dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue changes, and postoperative stability using cephalometric analysis following anterior maxillary DO in cleft patients. Aims and Objectives: (i) The aims and objectives of this study were to enumerate and compare dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue changes, and postoperative stability using cephalometric analysis following premaxillary DO and (ii) to draw clinical inference from the above results. Methods: Seven female patients underwent anterior maxillary DO with a mean age of 19 years, and the anterior movement of premaxillary segment was generated by tooth-borne distractor with a rapid maxillary expansion screw. The distraction of the premaxilla was stopped after achieving a positive profile and sufficient space to align the maxillary dentition. After the consolidation period, the distractor was removed and orthodontic treatment was started with fixed appliances to level the teeth. Cephalometric data of patients were collected before treatment (T1), after distraction (T2), and 6 months after distraction. Comparison between time periods T1–T2, T1–T3, and T2–T3 were done to evaluate the dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue changes brought by DO. Results: In all the patients, the treatment objective was achieved with a positive overjet and improved profile without changing the position and intermaxillary relation of the posterior. There was a significant horizontal increase of the premaxilla with a definite gain in the maxillary dental arch length for alignment of the maxillary dentition with a downward and backward movement of the mandible. Conclusion: Maxillary DO offers an effective technique to transpose the maxilla forward and downward in moderate-to-severe maxillary retrusion. DO offers better stability due to the gradual expansion and lengthening of the soft tissue in response to the gradual traction. It avoids the complication of acute reconstructive surgical methods and minimal trauma when compared to other alternative surgical methods. It also shortens the overall treatment time due to reduced need for comprehensive treatment time.

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis for cleft lip and palate patients - A case series

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis for cleft lip and palate patients - A case series

Residents' journal review

Residents' journal review

Management of Cleft Maxillary Hypoplasia with Anterior Maxillary Distraction: Our Experience.

Maxillary hypoplasia is a common developmental problem in cleft lip and palate deformities. Since 1970s these deformities have traditionally been corrected by means of orthognathic surgery. Management of skeletal deformities in the maxillofacial region has been an important challenge for maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that uses body's own repairing mechanisms for optimal reconstruction of the tissues. We present four cases of anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis with tooth borne distraction device-Hyrax, which were analyzed retrospectively for the efficacy of the tooth borne device-Hyrax and skeletal stability of distracted anterior maxillary segment.

Distraction osteogenesis for dental implants

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a useful technique for the reconstruction of deficient alveolar ridges. In addition to recreating bone, soft tissues including keratinized gingiva are created. DO affords the clinician the opportunity to “overgrow” the bone, thus allowing osseous recontouring at the time of device removal and implant placement. The technique of DO can easily be mastered, yet the technique does require attention to detail, especially in device trajectory. Yet pitfalls and complications can be encountered. Mastery of these complications as well as the basic DO technique will be discussed in this course. Additionally, special case presentations such as anterior maxillary DO for esthetic implant reconstruction for patients status post avulsion of anterior teeth and bone, treatment of distal saddle deformities using DO and a posterior hinge, monocortical DO for knife edge ridges, evolving technology including the use of smaller, multi-vector distraction devices, DO for treatment of alveolar clefts as well as the use of DO-PRP sandwich technique and “immediate” DO for special cases will be offered. References Chin M: Distraction osteogenesis for dental implants. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 7: 1999 Jensen OT, Cockrell R, Kuhike L, et al: Anterior maxillary alveolar distraction osteogenesis: A prospective 5-year clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 17: 2002 Gaggi A, Schultes G, Rainer H, et al: The transgingival approach for placement of distraction implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60: 2002