To compare quality of surgical steps in pediatric cataract surgery performed by pediatric ophthalmology fellows in various stages of training by applying the International Councilof Ophthalmology-Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (ICO-OSCAR). Two experienced pediatric ophthalmologists analyzed video recordings of fellows performing pediatric cataract surgery at our institution between August 2019 and March 2020; fellows were scored according to the ICO-OSCAR with respect to the six key surgical step, namely, (1) wound construction, (2) anterior capsulorrhexis, (3) irrigation and aspiration, (4) intraocular lens implantation, (5) primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC)/anterior vitrectomy (AV), and (6) wound suturing. Cohen's kappa was used for inter-rater agreement. Fellows were categorized by months of training as stage 1 (first 6months), stage 2 (7-18months), and stage 3 (19-24months). We analyzed 79 procedures performed by 11 pediatric ophthalmology fellows. The inter-rater agreement ranged from 85% to 96%; κ ranged from 0.64 to 0.91. Fellows in stages 2 and 3 of their training required less time and demonstrated superior technical proficiency in PPC and AV compared with fellows in stage 1 (median score, 4 vs 3). Objective scoring of cataract surgeries performed by fellows at various stages of training highlighted the steep learning curve for PPC and AV and confirmed that execution improves with experience.