Antenna For Satellite Communications Research Articles

Design of a Ku-band broadband circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna for satellite communications

ABSTRACT In this paper, a broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array with stable radiation pattern is proposed for satellite communication applications. The antenna array consists of a 2 × 2 planar antenna array and a feeding network. Based on the magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna structure, the electric dipoles are modified, and a pair of shorting pins are introduced to adjust the surface current. The bandwidth problems of circular polarization are effectively improved. Then the 2 × 2 broadband CP antenna array is designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 56.3% from 11.1 to 19.79 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 32.1% from 11.72 to 16.20 GHz. The 3 dB gain bandwidth of 44.2% from 11.10 to 17.40 GHz, and the peak gain is 11.07 dBi. Owing to the above excellent performance, the proposed antenna array can be a candidate for satellite communications.

A 3D printed low‐profile wideband circularly polarised elliptical integrated lens antenna

AbstractThe authors presents a low‐profile wideband circularly polarised (CP) millimetre‐wave (mmWave) elliptical integrated lens antenna (ILA) fabricated by dielectric 3D printing technology. The proposed lens is integrated with a dielectric polariser and an air cavity for phase compensation, which can transfer incident waves from linearly polarised (LP) to planar CP waves over a wide bandwidth. Compared to the classic bifocal ILA, the proposed lens has a low profile. The phase compensation is performed by introducing a specifically shaped air cavity, which greatly reduces the length and weight of the lens. The polariser causes the two electric field components Ex and Ey to degenerate with an orthogonal phase difference, which results in the wideband characteristics of the antenna. The polariser, air cavity and lens can be conveniently and precisely fabricated by low‐cost 3D printing technology. Measurements show that the proposed ILA has a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 21.9–32.6 GHz, while the gain reaches 22.54 dBic with a 38% size reduction and a 60.7% weight reduction. Benefiting from the low profile, high gain, wide bandwidth and low cost, the proposed ILA has great potential to be the candidate antenna for 5G applications and satellite communications.

Shared-Aperture Design of the Cellular Antenna and Satellite Communication Antenna with Circular Polarization in S-band for Metal-Bezel Smartphones

Shared-Aperture Design of the Cellular Antenna and Satellite Communication Antenna with Circular Polarization in S-band for Metal-Bezel Smartphones

A 2-D Circularly Polarized Fixed-Frequency Beam-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Satellite Communication

A 2-D Circularly Polarized Fixed-Frequency Beam-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Satellite Communication

Asymmetrical CPW-Fed Circularly Polarized Two-Port MIMO Antenna for Satellite and Wi-Fi 6E Communication

A circularly polarized compact two-port MIMO antenna is presented along with asymmetrical CPW feed and a novel decoupling structure. The asymmetric CPW feed of the antenna is improving the impedance matching significantly and shifting the operating band towards the lower frequency. The novel inverted Z-shaped decoupling is used to enhance the isolation which mitigates the surface wave effectively between two antennas. The triangular-shaped inductive stubs are unified in the inverted Z-shaped decoupling structure which is used to perturb the surface wave movement and to influence the circular polarization (CP) behaviour in the two-port antenna. MIMO antenna obtains the 10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) from 6.38 GHz to 6.84 GHz along with minimum port isolation of 30 dB. The 3-dB axial ratio (AR) is obtained from 6.59 to 6.84 GHz frequency which is 52.1% of the total 10 dB IBW of the antenna. The proposed work can be prominent for super-extended C-band of satellite communication and Wi-Fi 6E U-NII6 and U-NII7 communication.

Coding Metasurface Integrated Dual-Band Antenna for Vehicular Communications

This paper presents an ultracompact dual-band vehicular antenna for simultaneous satellite, terrestrial and in-car communications. The antenna consists of 16 dual-band units and a double layer coding metasurface (CMS) which can transmit and reflect electromagnetic (EM) waves in the sub-6 GHz and X-band, respectively. The CMS is located underneath the antenna array, which is not only used as the reflector to increase gain and to transform the polarization for the higher frequency band, but also acts as a bandpass lens to realize the beam-forming for the lower frequency band. The proposed antenna has a very low profile (8.5 mm) and the bandwidth is sufficiently large to meet the need of vehicular communications. The simulated and measured results show that the -10 dB impedance bandwidth is from 5.58 to 5.85 GHz for the lower band and is from 9.79 to 10.09 GHz for the higher band. The maximum gain at 9.88 GHz (for satellite), at 5.73 GHz (for terrestrial) and at 5.83 GHz (for in-car) are more than 19.54 dBic., 14.03 dBi and 5.35 dBi, respectively.

Electromagnetic coupling suppression of eight-ports MIMO antenna for satellite communication with neutralize block and parasitic elements

In this article, eight elements multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) antenna for satellite communication with neutralize block, parasitic elements and Defective ground structure (DGS) is proposed. The proposed design is printed on FR4 low cost material with the size of 60 mm × 60 mm × 1.6 mm. The presented MIMO antenna contain four unit cells, four parasitic elements and DGS; each unit cell contain two radiating elements and neutralize block. Parasitic elements, DGS and neutralize block are used to minimize mutual coupling, neutralize block and parasitic elements are used on front side and DGS is on back side of the design. The reflection coefficient <−10 dB in the range of 14 GHz–18 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz and isolation >25 dB in the given bandwidth. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.008, diversity gain (DG) > 9.96 dB and peak gain is equal to 6.32dBi. Furthermore the fabricated prototype was tested in anechoic chamber; measured results was analyzed and found similar to simulated results.

Performance Evaluation of Slotted Star-Shaped Dual-band Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication and 5G Services

Performance Evaluation of Slotted Star-Shaped Dual-band Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication and 5G Services

Demonstration of a Wideband Multipolarization Transmitarray Antenna for Satellite Communication

To meet the requirements of satellite communication (SATCOM), in this paper, a wideband high stability transmitarray antenna (TA) for SATCOM is proposed. The TA is composed of 225 metal-only unit cells that comprise three metallic layers with an air spacer in between. High stability is capable by adopting a simple metallic square loop and two pairs of orthogonal stubs with a 1 mm thickness of the layer, which ensures lower assembly complexity and higher integration. The proposed unit cell can also support linear polarization (LP) wave excitation and circular polarization (CP) wave excitation simultaneously. Meanwhile, the metal-only unit cell can operate without dielectric loss, which leads to higher working efficiency. By adjusting feature sizes, eight different kinds of the unit cell are designed to realize a 3-bit TA which enables obtaining a gain of 23.53 dBi. Finally, four TA prototypes have been fabricated and tested successfully. The measured result shows a 28.5% 3 dB gain bandwidth from 30 GHz to 40 GHz, which is in good consistency with the simulated design. This compact and mechanical robustness design provides an alternative proposal for SATCOM.

DESIGN OF WIDE BAND ANTENNAS WITH CPW FEED FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

An Antenna is a metallic structure that transmits and receives radio waves. Antennas come in all shapes and sizes from tiny microstrip antenna for biomedical applications to very big parabolic reflector antennas for satellite communications. A Super Wideband Square Monopole Antenna is designed on Arlon AD260A and FR4 Epoxy with CPW-feed structure. Notched bands are obtained by embedding inverted E-shaped stub, using C-shaped parasitic element above radiating patch and etching rotated U- shaped slot in the ground plane. Proposed Antenna has the capability of operating in Ultra Wide band frequency range of (2.534-3.244)GHz with a minimum S11 value of -14.9846dB, (4.414-6.300)GHz with S11 value of -31.9643dB, (6.728-7.150)GHz with S11 value of - 12.3336dB and (13.481-15.870)GHz with S11 value of - 21.9915dB. The maximum gain obtained is 5.86dB in 3-D Omni directional pattern. The minimum VSWR obtained is 1.05. Key Words: Super Wideband, Ultra Wideband, CPW, X- Band, Ku-Band. 1.INTRODUCTION

Wideband Circularly Polarized mm-Wave Array Antenna Using H-Shaped Low-Axial-Ratio Apertures

An H-shaped all-metal radiating element comprising an active and a coupled slot has been proposed to design wideband high-efficiency circularly-polarized antenna arrays. The proper excitation of several modes on the coupled slot enables a wide axial ratio bandwidth with high circular polarization purity. In order to feed an array of such radiating elements, a simple and scalable two-layer corporate network, implemented in groove gap waveguide technology, is conceived. Those good frequency properties have been confirmed by the fabrication of a prototype, whose experimental results report a 1-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 22%. In addition, a peak radiation efficiency of 97% with good pattern stability, and an impedance bandwidth of 21% with high return loss, have been measured. The high circular polarization purity demonstrated by these wideband apertures makes them particularly suitable for Ka-band satellite communications antennas.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Cavity-Backed Circularly-Polarized Antenna for Satellite Communication

This article presents the methodology to design a single-fed circularly-polarized antenna with low front-to-back ratio (FBR). A circular-patch (CPatch) antenna has been incorporated within the rectangular-cavity, made of, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The size of the CPatch and the SIW cavity has been chosen appropriately, in a manner, that the both resonators dominant mode coincide. This arrangement has been adopted to realize the basic radiating unit with no surface-wave and the significantly lower FBR. The circularly polarization has been excited through shorting the periphery of CPatch radiator to the “one of the two metallic grounds” of this SIW cavity. The patch periphery has been shorted from two distinct points, separated by the quarter wavelength—over center frequency of working band. The antenna has been designed and manufactured over Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant (εr) of 2.2, loss-tangent (tan δ, at 10 GHz) of 0.0009, and substrate height of 0.508 mm. Southwest® end launcher (SEL) along with SIW-to-GCPW (Grounded Co-Planar Waveguide) transition has been used here to facilitate the measurement of antenna’s electrical and the radiation performance. The designed antenna’s impedance bandwidth and the 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth is 9.5% and the 2.3%, respectively. It’s simulated and the measured peak gain, within working frequency band, is higher than 8.5dBic. The proposed antenna’s FBR is antenna is significantly lower than the conventional circularly-polarized antennas. Through comparative study, with work in open literature, it has been demonstrated that the designed antenna, based on proposed method, can a potential candidate for applicable in satellite and in the other spaceborne communication system’s module—at ground and in the space station.

Four‐channel GaAs multifunction chips with bottom RF interface for Ka‐band SATCOM antennas

AbstractReceiver and transmitter monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) multifunction chips (MFCs) for active phased‐array antennas for Ka‐band satellite communication (SATCOM) terminals have been designed and fabricated using a 0.15‐μm GaAs pseudomorphic high‐electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) process. The MFCs consist of four‐channel radio frequency (RF) paths and a 4:1 combiner. Each channel provides several functions such as signal amplification, 6‐bit phase shifting, and 5‐bit attenuation with a 44‐bit serial‐to‐parallel converter (SPC). RF pads are implemented on the bottom side of the chip to remove the parasitic inductance induced by wire bonding. The area of the fabricated chips is 5.2 mm × 4.2 mm. The receiver chip exhibits a gain of 18 dB and a noise figure of 2.0 dB over a frequency range from 17 GHz to 21 GHz with a low direct current (DC) power of 0.36 W. The transmitter chip provides a gain of 20 dB and a 1‐dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 18.4 dBm over a frequency range from 28 GHz to 31 GHz with a low DC power of 0.85 W. The P1dB can be increased to 20.6 dBm at a higher bias of +4.5 V.

A novel design of triangular-shaped hexagonal fractal antenna for satellite communication

A novel design of triangular-shaped hexagonal fractal antenna for satellite communication

Optimized design of wide band polarization diversified compact microstrip transponder antenna for satellite communication

AbstractA major limitation of microstrip antenna is its narrow impedance bandwidth (1%–5%) which makes it unsuitable for the operation over C band, used for various satellite communications, Wi‐Fi devices, some surveillance, and weather radar systems. Furthermore, increasing bandwidth (BW) can cause a reduction in radiation efficiency and antenna gain making it unsuitable for some particular applications. Nonplanar and defected ground structures may provide enhanced BW but it also creates distorted radiation pattern, unwanted loss of power, and mechanical mounting hazard. Polarization diversity also gives flexibility in use for various applications. A unique compact dual band and Ultra‐Wide Band (viz., 4.29–5.32 and 6.04–8.77 GHz) and polarization diversified (viz., circular and dual polarization) perturbed square microstrip patch antenna has been proposed here overcome the above shortcomings. Innovative corner parasitic loading and shorting via implementation ensures the fulfillment of the above features with improved 24.45% and 33.75% BW.

Design of a Wideband CPW Fed Fractal Antenna for Satellite Communication

A novel ‘T’ square wideband fractal antenna is proposed for satellite communication. The Wideband is achieved through the ‘T’ square fractal design and CPW feed. At first, a conventional square-shaped patch antenna is designed. Then the square-shaped patch is replaced by a Type-I fractal to achieve wideband. Finally, a Type-II fractal with an L-Shaped boundary is used to enhance the bandwidth to a greater extent. The gain of the proposed antenna ranges from 4 dB to 6.3 dB for the entire frequency range of 6.2 GHz to 14 GHz. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is noticed up to 84%. The fractal antenna resonates well throughout the entire frequency range with a VSWR of less than 2. The antenna having such a wide band characteristic can be found suitable for a wide range of applications like earth exploration satellites, fixed satellites, radiolocation, maritime radio navigation, and aeronautical radio navigation. A metal reflector is also introduced at the bottom of the antenna to produce a unidirectional radiation pattern. This increases the gain up to 9.8 dBi and a front-to-back ratio is noticed above 20 dB. The design is fabricated and the measurement results are found to be in good agreement with the simulation results.

MM-Wave High Isolated Dual Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for In-Band Full-Duplex Systems

A novel high-isolation dual-polarized in-band full-duplex (IBFD) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for satellite communications using a decoupling structure is proposed. Good isolation between transmit and receive ports is achieved by placing two identical linearly polarized resonators orthogonal to each other. Each resonator consists of a main rectangular dielectric resonator of the dielectric constant of 10 and is loaded by a thin dielectric slab of lower permittivity of 5 to broaden the matching bandwidth further. The isolation is further improved by loading an absorber and etching several slots in the ground plane. Finally, the proposed DRA is fabricated and measured to validate the concepts. Measurement results show high isolation of more than 50 dB over the desired operating bandwidth from 23.04 GHz to 24.08 GHz (ka-band) with a peak gain of about 8.93 dBi and 8.09 dBi for Port 1 and Port 2, respectively. In addition, the proposed IBFD DRA provides 11.87 GHz and 4.84 GHz isolation bandwidths over 25 dB and 30 dB, respectively, making it a potential candidate for mm-wave terrestrial applications.

Design of Compact Bow-Tie Slotted Antenna for Satellite Communication

A printed antenna using the slot-loading technique is adapted in the design to achieve multiband. A rectangular microstrip (printed) antenna with a Bow-Tie shape slot embedded on the radiating patch using a glass epoxy substrate with dimensions 3.34 x2.47 x 0.16 cms. The antenna is simulated using high-frequency structure simulator software and fabricated using a photolithography process. Experimental results are measured using a vector analyzer. the proposed antenna is resonating at three different frequencies 4.62 GHz, 8.14 GHz, and 12.41 GHz with a return loss of -20.00 dB, -25.09 dB, and -26.45 dB respectively. The antenna is resonating between 4.62 GHz to 12.41 GHz frequency which covers applications in the field of satellite (space to earth)5.441 and mobile communication 5.463.

A Dual Ka/Q-Band Reflectarray

Introduction. Duplex satellite communication is commonly arranged using two spaced frequency bands, with one band receiving and the other band transmitting signals to a satellite. The main task of a communications satellite antenna system consists in providing an identical coverage area across all involved frequency bands, which is often a challenging task for conventional parabolic reflector antennas. Reflectarrays allow an independent control of the reradiated wave phase in spaced frequency bands, which can be used to create efficient multi-band antenna systems for modern communication satellites.Aim. To develop a Ka/Q-frequency range phase-correcting element and to create on its basis a dual-band reflectarray for operation with orthogonal circular polarizations and identical gains in a given sector of angles in significantly spaced frequency ranges.Materials and methods. Numerical studies were carried out using the finite element analysis method. Radiation patterns were measured using the near field scanning method.Results. A single-layer dual-band phase-correcting reflectarray element was developed for operation with orthogonal circular polarizations with low losses and a weak dependence of the relative position of the elements on the phase characteristic. On the basis of the proposed element, a reflectarray consisting of 24 465 two-frequency elements was synthesized and manufactured. The developed prototype of a single-layer dual-band reflectarray demonstrated good characteristics, with the efficiency reaching 56 and 36 % in the Ka- and Q-frequency ranges, respectively, and an almost identical minimum gain in the ±0.75° angle sector.Conclusion. The research results confirm the potential of the developed reflectarray to successfully replace conventional parabolic reflectors installed both on modern communication satellites and as part of ground-based satellite terminals in the millimeter wavelength range.

Design of a Compact Reconfigurable Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Antenna for 5G and Satellite Communications

Reconfigurability is one of the key features of 5G/6G radiofrequency systems. The possibility to adapt the working frequency depending on the application or the status of the nodes is important, especially in Smart Radio Environments. In this regard, the design of antennas operating at different frequency bands is challenging since strict requirements on the footprints and the radiation properties are introduced. Among other geometries, fractals present unique features in terms of small electrical lengths: they have been used for years by researchers to shrink antenna dimensions in a very effective way. An interesting perspective of these antennas is the possibility to switch the working frequency among several bands connecting/disconnecting the fractal cells. The aim of this paper is the design and the optimization of an electrically reconfigurable Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna. Four different states are obtained: in the first the device works at 27 GHz (mmWave), in the second at 16 GHz, in the third at 11 GHz (Ku-band), and in the fourth at 3.5 GHz (Sub-6GHz). The antenna operates efficiently in all the bands of interest.