Antenna For RF Energy Harvesting Research Articles

A dual ultra-wideband rectenna with a compact conical antenna for RF energy harvesting from S and C bands

The current research introduces a novel dual ultra-wideband rectenna that has been specifically devised for the S and C bands. The rectenna configuration being presented demonstrates the potential to efficiently capture energy from 1.5 GHz to 4.65 GHz, and 5.55 GHz–7.85 GHz. It is noteworthy to mention that the bandwidths (BW) corresponding to these frequency ranges are 3.15 GHz and 2.3 GHz, correspondingly. The envisioned rectenna is designed to cater to a selection of five distinct commercial bands. The frequencies under consideration include 1.8 GHz, UTMS 2.1 GHz, 5G 3.5 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, which fall within the mid band range for 5G technology. Notably, the extended S-band and C band are also included within this range, catering specifically to 5G applications. For the purpose of rectification, a solitary HSMS 2850 Schottky diode has been selected. The maximum recorded Conversion Efficiency (CE) achieved at 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz corresponds to CE values of 67 %, 65 %, 77 %, 71 %, and 71 %, respectively. These CE measurements were obtained under varying input power levels (IPL) of −6 dBm, 4 dBm, 4 dBm, 2 dBm, and 9 dBm, respectively. The rectenna under consideration is designed to operate across five distinct frequency bands. Notably, the CE exceeds 65 % across all of these frequency bands. Consequently, the rectenna exhibits a higher output power. As a result, this modification makes it appropriate for supplying energy to low-power electronic equipment.

Metasurface-Assisted Broadband Compact Dual-Polarized Dipole Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

In this letter, a low-cost dual-polarized broadband dipole antenna is studied for RF energy harvesting applications. The 2×2 antennas are arranged with a rotational symmetry over an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface to capture the ambient RF energy from both the Horizontal (H) and Vertical (V) polarizations in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment. The antenna is then integrated with a single-series rectifier circuit network in a series fashion. In the final step, an LED is connected as the common load to demonstrate the process of capturing the RF energy, thereby glowing the LED.

A Miniaturized Wearable Textile UWB Monopole Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

A Miniaturized Wearable Textile UWB Monopole Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

A Broad Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting and Data Transmitting.

An implantable antenna, operating at the dual Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands of 902–928 MHz and 2.4–2.48 GHz, is presented for RF energy harvesting and data transmission. By introducing multiple radiating branches and etching a C-shaped slot, multiple resonant frequencies were generated to produce the wide dual bands. The proposed antenna has compact dimensions of 7.9 × 7.7 × 1.27 mm3. The simulated impedance bandwidths of the antenna are 0.67–1.05 GHz (44.2%) and 2.11–2.96 GHz (33.5%), and the peak gains are −28.9 dBi and −29.5 dBi, respectively. The lower band can be applied in RF energy harvesting, while the upper band is designed for data transmission with external medical equipment. Furthermore, to convert RF power into DC power, in RF energy harvesting, a voltage-doubled rectifier was positioned under the ground plane of the proposed antenna. The rectifier circuit can achieve a maximum conversion efficiency of 52% at an input power of 5 dBm. Furthermore, the integrated scheme of the implantable rectenna was fabricated and the numerical performance of the wireless power transfer was verified with the measurement results.

Design and simulation of a novel 3-point star rectifying antenna for RF energy harvesting at 2.4 GHz

The rectenna as a device, is critical for achieving long-distance wireless power transfer. The centrality of this study is focused on adding to the collective knowledge of the subject matter, by providing a new perspective in terms of an alternative design for the antenna component of the rectenna. Essentially, this study features a novel “3-point star” design which was simulated in comparison with the conventional square microstrip patch antenna design. Both designs (i.e., operating at the Wi-Fi band 2.4 GHz), were assessed in terms of simulated performance parameters: gain, directivity, return loss, radiation pattern, and efficiency. From the simulation results, the proposed “3-point star” design, though slightly less efficient exhibited improved performance over the conventional square patch alternative, in terms of gain, directivity, and return loss. For the rectifying component, a greinacher voltage-doubler (with two HSMS2820 diodes), was designed separately and simulated over a range of input power levels (10dBm—34dBm), for 220-Ω, 380-Ω and 810-Ω load resistances, respectively. A maximum conversion efficiency of 88.02% was achieved at 28dBm for an 810 Ω load resistance. All design simulations were executed using Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

CPW Fed Triangular Shaped upper Strip Patch Monopole Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

CPW Fed Triangular Shaped upper Strip Patch Monopole Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

A wideband rectifier array on dual‐polarized differential‐feed fractal slotted ground antenna for RF energy harvesting

This article reports a novel wideband rectenna for RF energy harvesting applications. A wideband fractal slotted ground antenna (SGA) is adopted. The operating frequency bands of the antenna are GSM, UMTS, Wi-Fi, and LTE2600/4G bands. The antenna is fed by a dual-polarized and differential-feed (DP-DF) microstrip lines disposed with an angle of 90° each relative to the other. The feed lines are etched on the bottom side of the substrate and connected to an array of four wideband RF-to-DC rectifiers. A nonuniform transmission lines filter ensures wideband behavior for each rectifier. The rectenna performances are simulated and measured. The experiments show an output DC voltage of 1 V at a power density of 26.6 μW/cm2 over the frequency band of operation with a peak efficiency of 50%. The proposed rectenna is suitable for energy harvesting applications in urban environments.

Design and Implementation of a Dual-Band Rectifier Antenna for Efficient RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have observed an exponential amount of growth in the recent past. The energy associated with the sensor nodes is limited which is a major bottleneck for the WSN technologies. The sensor nodes in WSN need to be continuously charged and thus an efficient RF energy harvesting needs to be explored. In the proposed design, a dual-band rectifier antenna for RF energy harvesting has been developed for 900 MHz and 2.45 GHz frequencies as RF energy is mainly available in the range of 900 MHz–2.45 GHz. The antenna proposed is microstrip U slot antenna with S11 parameter below −10 dB at 2.45 GHz and 0.8 GHz with a gain of 5.1 dBi and 10.1 dBi at 900 MHz and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The circuit for the rectifier uses Schottky Diode HSMS-285C for the purpose of rectification. The rectifier circuit used is a Greinacher Voltage Multiplier. Impedance Matching of the rectifier has been processed out to improve the performance of the circuit. Simulations of rectifier have been done on Advanced Design System (ADS) Software. The conversion efficiency at 900 MHz and 2.45 GHz is found to be 78.7% and 51.768%, respectively. The proposed design can find its uses in large number of energy harvesting applications under wireless power transmission such as powering of Wireless Sensor Nodes.

A dual band rectifying antenna for RF energy harvesting

This paper presents a compact dual band rectenna consisting of an open ended microstrip line antenna useful for sensing UMTS and RFID microwave signals. The designed antenna has a Sierpinski fractal geometry loaded on the ground surface and resonates at 2.1 GHz and 5.8 GHz. In the proposed structure, suppression of higher order harmonics is realized with improved RF to DC conversion efficiency in both the resonating bands. A voltage doubler rectifier configuration is used for rectifying the RF signal sensed by means of a receiving antenna and the output is passed through a DC block capacitor. An RF 7 to DC conversion efficiency of 79% and 86% is achieved for a 1 KΩ load at 2.1 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The overall size of the designed antenna is 40 × 40 × 1.6 mm3 and the rectifier is 40 × 48.6 × 0.762 mm3.

A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Nodes

A novel wideband circularly polarized antenna array using sequential rotation feeding network is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna array has a relative bandwidth of 38.7% at frequencies from 5.05 GHz to 7.45 GHz with a highest gain of 12 dBi at 6 GHz. A corresponding left-handed metamaterial is designed in order to increase antenna gain without significantly affecting its polarization characteristics. The wideband circularly polarized antenna with 2.4 GHz of bandwidth is a promising solution for wireless communication system such as tracking or wireless energy harvesting from Wi-Fi signal based on IEEE 802.11ac standard or future 5G cellular. A potential application of this antenna as a receiving antenna for RF-DC device to obtain DC power for a wireless sensor node from Wi-Fi signal is shown.

Vivaldi Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

Vivaldi Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

A log‐periodic toothed trapezoidal antenna for RF energy harvesting

ABSTRACTIn this work, the performance of a broadband log‐periodic toothed trapezoidal antenna is evaluated to know its potential for RF energy harvesting. The energy harvested by the antenna from the different wireless standards in urban areas can be converted into Direct Current and used to feed low power electronics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2765–2768, 2015

Differential Microstrip Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

A differential microstrip antenna with improved gain for RF energy harvesting is presented in this paper. The developed antenna can be used in either center grounded or differential configuration. The antenna is designed and fabricated for GSM900 band (890-960 MHz). The antenna has a gain of 8.5 dBi at the center frequency and exhibits VSWR ≤ 2 for frequencies between 870 MHz to 1.05 GHz. The efficiency of the antenna is 80%. The developed antenna finds its application in energy harvesting, RFID tags and in wireless communication circuits, where differential inputs/outputs are needed. A complete differential RF energy harvesting system with a peak efficiency of 65.3% for a load of 3 kΩ is also developed.

Broadband Bent Triangular Omnidirectional Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

In this letter, a broadband bent triangular omnidirectional antenna is presented for RF energy harvesting. The antenna has a bandwidth for ${\hbox {VSWR}}\leq2$ from 850 MHz to 1.94 GHz. The antenna is designed to receive both horizontal and vertical polarized waves and has a stable radiation pattern over the entire bandwidth. Antenna has also been optimized for energy harvesting application and it is designed for $100~\Omega $ input impedance to provide a passive voltage amplification and impedance matching to the rectifier. A peak efficiency of 60% and 17% is obtained for a load of $500~\Omega $ at 980 and 1800 MHz, respectively. At a cell site while harvesting all bands simultaneously a voltage of 3.76 V for open circuit and 1.38 V across a load of $4.3~\hbox{k} \Omega $ is obtained at a distance of 25 m using an array of two elements of the rectenna.

Investigation of Compact Tree-Shaped Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

This paper studies a compact wideband tree-shaped coplanar antenna which has the potential to be used for RF energy harvesting. The antenna is fabricated on a double-sided FR-4 printed circuit board using an etching technique. The effect of semi-circle patch embedded to a triangular patch has been studied. The comparison between simulation and measurement results for the return loss and radiation patterns are observed and are in good agreement. The measured return loss is in line with the simulation response where both manage to achieve lower than-10dB. A bandwidth of 3.64 GHz and 3.94 GHz were obtained in simulation and measurement process respectively. This study is an early investigation in designing the antenna for RF energy harvesting system to support green technology and sustainable development particularly for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

A New Fractal-Based Miniaturized Dual Band Patch Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

The growth of wireless communications in recent years has made it necessary to develop compact, lightweight multiband antennas. Compact antennas can achieve the same performance as large antennas do with low price and with greater system integration. Dual-frequency microstrip antennas for transmission and reception represent promising approach for doubling the system capacity. In this work, a miniaturized dual band antenna operable at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz is constructed by modifying the standard microstrip patch antenna geometry into a fractal structure. In addition to miniaturization and dual band nature, the proposed antenna also removes unwanted harmonics without the use of additional filter component. Using a finite-element-method-based high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), the antenna is designed and its performance in terms of return loss, impedance matching, radiation pattern, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is demonstrated. Simulation results are shown to be in close agreement with performance measurements from an actual antenna fabricated on an FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna can be integrated with a rectifier circuit to develop a compact rectenna that can harvest RF energy in both of these frequency bands at a reduction in size of 25.98% relative to a conventional rectangular patch antenna.

Design of a wideband 377 Ω E-shaped patch antenna for RF energy harvesting

The design of a 377 Ω E-shaped patch antenna with partial ground plane is presented and discussed in this article. Two parallel slots are introduced into the conventional patch antenna, and it was investigated by the currents through the patch to enhance its bandwidth. The antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured for downlink frequency band of GSM 900, which shows an impedance bandwidth of 29.03% (277 MHz) at 954 MHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:569–573, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26607