ANSYS HFSS Research Articles

A dual-port MIMO antenna with integrated band-reject filter for 5G sub-6 GHz/FR1 applications

Abstract This study presents the design and realization of a dual-port multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) filtering antenna system. The device shows good response in the frequency rage 1 (4.1 to 7.125 GHZ) frequency band, which handles most of the cellular mobile communication traffic. First, the single element ultra-wideband (UWB) filtenna is designed by combining a UWB antenna and a band-reject filter (BRF) where the antenna works in the frequency range from 1 to 11 GHz and the BRF is rejecting the frequency range of 3–3.42 GHz with 3.2 GHz as its resonant frequency. Finally, the proposed two-port MIMO filtenna combines two single element UWB filtennas in antiparallel manner which shows impedance bandwidth from 2.59 to 7.1 GHz with a band notch from 3 to 3.42 GHz. The structure is built on cost-efficient FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.02) of dimensions 0.68 ${{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_{\boldsymbol{c}}}$ ×0.27 ${{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_{\boldsymbol{c}}}$ ×0.01 ${{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_{\boldsymbol{c}}}$ (mm3), which is compact in size and utilizes a defected ground structure for further miniaturization. The proposed design is simulated using Ansys HFSS software, and after fabrication, it is measured, and the output shows good results for the proposed application. The designed antenna system is suitable for fifth-generation (5G) wideband systems.

Design and Optimization of a Half-Circular Ultra-Wideband Patch Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm

This research introduces an optimization design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) half-circular planar antenna using genetic algorithm. The optimization process is conducted using an Application Programming Interface (API) links two softwares; MATLAB environment and ANSYS HFSS software. The UWB antenna design includes a semi-circular patch element, the UWB behavior is obtained using truncated ground plane incorporating a rectangular slot cut out of the ground. Genetic algorithm is exploited to optimize the length of partial ground plane and the size and position of the rectangular slot. The overall size of the antenna is 28×29×1.6 mm3. Using the proposed fitness function, the ultra-wide band antenna configuration achieves an extensive impedance bandwidth spanning approximately 14.76 GHz (139.38%), covering frequencies from 3.21 GHz to 17.97 GHz for reflection loss S11 less than -10dB. The findings also indicate that the antenna exhibits a favorable peak gain of 3.7–6.24 dB in the desired band. Therefore, the proposed methodology proofs to be effective to acquire the best UWB behavior of the antenna.

Design of Circularly Polarized Koch Snowflake Fractal Antenna With Schottky Band Diode Rectifiers for RF Energy Harvesting Applications

ABSTRACTRadio frequency (RF) energy harvesting has recently become an effective way of powering wireless devices, reducing the requirement of batteries along with their related storage as well as lifespan restrictions. One of the main obstacles to RF energy harvesting is the limited quantity of energy that can be obtained from wireless sources due to weak signal strength, low efficiency, and poor gain. To address these shortcomings, the proposed method is designed based on the circularly polarized Koch snowflake fractal antenna with the Jerusalem cross (JC)–based frequency‐selective surface (FSS) and Schottky diode–based rectifiers for RF energy harvesting applications at the resonance frequency of 5.8 GHz. The electromagnetic energy from the environment can effectively captured using a proposed wide band and high gain antenna designed using a Koch snowflake array based on FSSs. Flame Retardant‐4 (FR‐4) material has good dielectric qualities for electronics, and it is employed as the dielectric substrate in this model; copper serves as the ground plane. The squid game optimizer (SGO) determines the ideal outer snowflake dimensions by maximizing the resonance frequency in order to achieve high gain. The optimally selected outer snowflake length and width are 40 and 23.09 mm. The designed antenna model uses a rectifier based on Schottky diodes for RF energy harvesting applications, which involves converting electromagnetic waves into direct current. The fractal antenna model and RF energy harvesting are designed and simulated using the ANSYS HFSS and Matlab RF toolbox. The model is used to evaluate the antenna's performance by concentrating on gain radiation patterns, S11, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The Koch snowflake fractal antenna, which uses a JC–based FSS, has been measured for performance at 5.8‐GHz frequency; the values obtained for impedance bandwidth, gain, S11, and VSWR are 7.61%, 9.962 dB, −33 dB, and 1.01, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data demonstrates that the Koch snowflake fractal antenna, which is being proposed for energy harvesting applications, outperforms several other existing designs in terms of effectiveness.

Design and Simulation of Three-Band Microstrip Resonator Bandpass Filters for Wireless Communication Systems

Abstract This research focuses on the design, simulation, and practical implementation of three-band microstrip resonator bandpass filters for wireless communication systems. Key parameters targeted in optimizing these filters include coupling coefficient, external quality factor, and fractional bandwidth, among others. Using ANSYS HFSS software, the electromagnetic behavior of the filters was analyzed to enhance their design. The proposed filters were fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate and experimentally validated using a vector network analyzer. Experimental results were compared with simulations, demonstrating satisfactory performance at specific frequencies relevant to Wi-Fi, 5G, and radar applications. Additionally, a comparative study with other similar filters from the literature was conducted to evaluate their performance.

A low-cost reflection mode operated microwave resonator sensor for angular displacement detection

A low-cost microwave resonator sensor for angular displacement detection is proposed. The sensor uses a strip-loaded dielectric resonator (SLDR) as the key element. The sensor operates in the reflection mode, i.e. by producing a variation in the reflection coefficient (S11) according to the angular position of the SLDR relative to a microstrip transmission line. The primary advantage of the proposed strategy is its fixed-frequency operation enabling the S11 measurement with a low-cost reflectometer, thereby avoiding the costly vector network analyzer (VNA). Design modelling and initial analysis of the sensor are performed with ANSYS HFSS software. To demonstrate proof of concept, a sensor prototype is fabricated and experimentally characterized with a custom-made reflectometer. Results are compared against VNA-based measurements to be in decent agreement. The proposed sensor exhibits 0.43 dB/0 sensitivity over the dynamic range of 00–900.

Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna : Design, Simulation, and Analysis For 5G Applications

Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) have emerged as a remarkable discovery in the period of miniaturization, despite the fact that advancements in antenna engineering have resulted in the fast growth of communication networks. This work encompasses the design, modelling, and analysis of circular microstrip patch antennas. The resonant frequency of the recommended patch antennas is 9 GHz, which is within the X band range. Ansys HFSS software was used to create them using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. Five performance measures were utilized to examine the recommended MPAs: return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and HPBW. The required information refers to the measurements of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and half power beamwidth (HPBW). The recommended antennas are ideal for use in radar, wireless, and satellite applications.

A Novel 4-port MIMO Antenna with Chamfered Edge for 5G NR n77/n78/n79 Bands and WLAN Applications

Abstract A novel, compact and low-cost four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a high gain is proposed in this work. The suggested antenna structure uses easily accessible substrate material and has been designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS 3D electromagnetic simulation software. The radiating elements are placed orthogonally, and each of them consists of two circular rings. To improve the impedance matching and reduce mutual coupling, the corners are chamfered and partial ground structure is applied. For further enhancement in isolation, Defected Ground Structure (DGS) method is applied which makes the isolation as high as -55 dB. The measured gain of the proposed antenna is more than 12 dB over the considered frequency range. The antenna covers a frequency range from 3.3-6 GHz. The value of diversity gain is found to be more than 9.99 dB and envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.006 respectively. Also, the mean effective gain, channel capacity loss, and total active reflection coefficient results are within the optimal range. These make the designed antenna suitable for the sub-6 GHz, 5G new radio (NR) n77/n78/n79 where n77 (3.3-4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3-3.8 GHz), and n79 (4.4-5 GHz) bands along with WLAN (5.1-5.8 GHz) applications.

Fabrication of compact substrate integrated waveguide dual band bandpass filter using complementary split-ring resonators for C and X band applications

This article presents a compact dual-band Bandpass Filter(BPF) based substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) used for C and X band applications. Complementary split-ring resonators(CSRR) are loaded into the waveguide surface to obtain more advantages of compactness and good performance. The SIW cavity undergoes initial optimization utilizing the powerful genetic algorithm, renowned for its robustness in solving complex problems, before proceeding to simulation with Ansys HFSS software with loaded CSRRs. The filter displays two passbands: the first has a bandwidth of 2 GHz and resonates at 6.8 GHz, while the second has a bandwidth of 5,55 GHz and resonates at 10.3 GHz. Moreover, with two resonance frequencies, the developed BPF has the benefit of low insertion loss(S21=-1.7dB and -1.9 dB) and improved return loss: (S11=-24dB and -22 dB) respectively. Furthermore, the proposed combination not only allows the implementation of a forward-wave passband propagating below the characteristic cutoff frequency of the waveguide but also exhibits good rejection, demonstrated by the presence of two transmission zeros with rejection of -16 dB and -19 dB, attained at 7.4 GHz and 14.8 GHz respectively. The proposed SIW BPF was designed using a 0.6mm thick FR4 dielectric substrate measuring 13mm × 15mm. The filter is manufactured to validate the concept and the measured results agree well with the simulation. With all these advantages: compact size, high rejection, and good filtering response, the proposed SIW BPF became suitable for microwave applications.

Spoof surface plasmon Polaritons dual beam scanning antenna for 5G application

Dual beam scanning (DBS) antenna exited by two different spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) transmission lines is proposed in this paper. The antenna is constructed by placing three rows of circular patches on both sides of two different planar SSPPs waveguide. These patches convert the SSPP guided waves into radiating waves. This simple single-layer antenna is characterized by dual without need to use switches or other complex configurations. It is designed to support application of several 5G sub-6 GHz bands (3.5 (n78) GHz, 3.7 (n77) GHz, and 4.5 (n79) GHz). The proposed antenna realizes the dual beam scanning by controlling the dispersion properties and field confinement along two different SSPPs transmission lines, based on different propagation constant. Numerical simulations are carried out by CST Microwave Studio and Ansys HFSS. These numerical simulations are verified by experimental results over the operating frequency band from 1 GHz to 6 GHz.

A novel ultra-miniaturized 2.5-D frequency selective surface temperature sensor with linear frequency–temperature behavior

This paper presents the design and proposal of a new ultra-miniaturized Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) sensor configuration for applications in temperature sensing systems. A 2.5-D (2.5 Dimensions) FSS is proposed with elements inspired by convoluted metal lines with metal vias inserted and printed on an FR4 dielectric substrate. The vias contribute to the capacitive and inductive effects in the structure, providing ultraminiaturization of the unit cell dimensions. The size of the unit cells of the proposed FSS is equal to 4.42 % of the wavelength in free space for the frequency of 2.21 GHz (resonance frequencies). The principle of operation of the FSS is evaluated using the equivalent circuit model proposed in this work. A new application for ultra-miniaturized FSS based on convoluted geometries as non-contact temperature sensors is analyzed in this work. According to the literature, the electrical permittivity of the dielectric material used as the FSS substrate changes as the temperature of the environment in which the circuit is inserted changes, thus altering its frequency response. Numerical analyses were carried out and found that the FSS has an almost linear relationship between the resonance frequency and the electrical permittivity. The numerical results simulated for the prototype were obtained using the ANSYS HFSS software and the equivalent circuit model. The prototype sensor was built and the transmission coefficient and resonance frequency were experimentally characterized. The proposed sensor was experimentally analyzed from a temperature of 20° to 120°C and showed a sensitivity of 0.640 MHz/°C. The values obtained in the experiments were compared and discussed with the results of the simulations, which showed good agreement.

Phase shifter intelligent reflective surface design for 2.4 GHz

In this study, an intelligent reflective surface (IRS) design consisting of a 3x4 patch surface that intentionally changes the phase angles of incoming signals for the 2.4 GHz operating frequency is presented. In the design of this IRS, FR-4 is chosen as the dielectric material, and copper is used to create both the reflecting elements and the ground plane. Phase shifting characteristic is achieved by using varactor diodes on the designed two-dimensional surface. In order to test the behaviour of the IRS, a horn antenna is also designed to be used as a source with the ANSYS HFSS (v21) program. The obtained results are presented in terms of return loss and gain values of the IRS. The results of the simulations reveal that the phase angles of the incoming signals can be adjusted as expected by changing the capacity values of the varactor diodes modelled by their equivalent circuits on the IRS.

A Study on a Compact Double Layer Sub-GHz Reflectarray Design Suitable for Wireless Power Transfer

The paper presents a novel small-footprint varactor diode-based reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) design and investigates its power reflection efficiency theoretically and experimentally in a real-life indoor environment. The surface is designed to operate at 865.5 MHz and is intended for simultaneous use with other wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency-improving techniques that have been recently reported in the literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no RRA intended to improve the performance of antenna-based WPT systems operating in the sub-GHz range has been designed and studied both theoretically and experimentally so far. The proposed RRA is a two-layer structure. The top layer contains electronically tunable phase shifters for the local phase control of an incoming electromagnetic wave, while the other one is fully covered by metal to reduce the phase shifter size and RRA’s backscattering. Each phase shifter is a pair of diode-loaded 8-shaped metallic patches. Extensive numerical studies are conducted to ascertain a suitable set of RRA unit cell parameters that ensure both adequate phase agility and reflection uniformity for a given varactor parameter. The RRA design parameter finding procedure followed in this paper comprises several steps. First, the phase and amplitude responses of a virtual infinite double periodic RRA are computed using full-wave solver Ansys HFSS. Once the design parameters are found for a given set of physical constraints, the phase curve of the corresponding finite array is retrieved to estimate the side lobe level due to the finiteness of the RRA aperture. Then, a diode reactance combination is found for several different RRA reflection angles, and the corresponding RRA radiation pattern is computed. The numerical results show that the side lobe level and the deviation of the peak reflected power angles from the desired ones are more sensitive to the reflection coefficient magnitude uniformity than to the phase agility. Furthermore, it is found that for scanning angles less than 50°, satisfactory reflection efficiency can be achieved by using the classical reactance profile synthesis approach employing the generalized geometrical optics (GGO) approximation, which is in accord with the findings of other studies. Additionally, for large reflection angles, an alternative synthesis approach relying on the Floquet mode amplitude optimization is utilized to verify the maximum achievable efficiency of the proposed RRA at large angles. A prototype consisting of 36 elements is fabricated and measured to verify the proposed reflectarray design experimentally. The initial diode voltage combination is found by applying the GGO-based phase profile synthesis method to the experimentally obtained phase curve. Then, the voltage combination is optimized in real time based on power measurement. Finally, the radiation pattern of the prototype is acquired using a pair of identical 4-director printed Yagi antennas with a gain of 9.17 dBi and compared with the simulated. The calculated results are consistent with the measured ones. However, some discrepancies attributed to the adverse effects of biasing lines are observed.

Dual Features, Compact Dimensions and X-Band Applications for the Design and Fabrication of Annular Circular Ring-Based Crescent-Moon-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna.

This study uses annular circular rings to create multi-band applications using crescent-shaped patch antennas. It is designed to be made up of five circular, annular rings nested inside of each other. Three annular rings are positioned and merged on top of the larger rings, with two annular rings set along the bottom of the feed line. The factors that set them apart, such as bandwidths, radiation patterns, gain, impedance, and return loss (RL), are analysed. The outcomes show how compact the multi-band annular ring antenna is. The proposed circular annular ring antenna has return losses of -33 dB and operates at two frequencies: 3.1 GHz and 9.3 GHz. This design is modelled and simulated using ANSYS HFSS. The outcomes of the simulation and the tests agree quite well. The X band and WLAN resonant bands have bandwidth capacities of 500 and 4300 MHz, respectively. Additionally, the circular annular ring antenna design is advantageous for most services at these operating bands.

Metasurface frequency reconfigurable antenna optimizes using neural network algorithm for wireless applications

Abstract As the demand increases in the field of wireless communication system, the interest of researchers increases to develop and analyzes the antenna for these applications. This article present metasurface (MS) frequency reconfigurable antenna (FRA) which is optimized using neural network (NN) approach. The designed structure is a multilayer consists of three-layer patch antenna placed under the MS structure. The resonating patch is a rectangular shaped and substrate is a circular shaped show as to reduce the geometry of the antenna. The proposed structure is fabricated on FR-4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm. The MS structure consists of split ring rectangular (SRR) strips made up of copper. The antenna reconfigured the operating frequency from 4.85 to 7 GHz having overall bandwidth of 2.15 GHz with wide range of tuning. The central frequency of rectangular patch antenna is 6.15 GHz. The MS is analyzed by using effective parameters i.e., effective permittivity (ε r) & effective permeability (μ r) and it is observed that the MS is behaving as a metamaterial in the desired range of frequency. The reconfigured operating frequency (ROF) is found at the anticlockwise rotation angles of 0°, 30°, 600 and 90°. The realized gain and radiation efficiency are calculated at each ROF. The validation of proposed MS based FRA is carried out first by simulating using Ansys HFSS and then measured inside the anechoic chamber. The proposed antenna is optimizes using NN model which shows minimum error during analysis and synthesis process.

Design and optimization of THz coupling in zirconia MAS rotors for dynamic nuclear polarization NMR

We present 3D electromagnetic simulations of the coupling of a 250 GHz beam to the sample in a 380 MHz DNP NMR spectrometer. To obtain accurate results for magic angle spinning (MAS) geometries, we first measured the complex dielectric constants of zirconia, sapphire, and the sample matrix material (DNP juice) from room temperature down to cryogenic temperatures and from 220 to 325 GHz with a VNA and up to 1 THz with a THz TDS system. Simulations of the coupling to the sample were carried out with the ANSYS HFSS code as a function of the rotor wall material (zirconia or sapphire), the rotor wall thickness, and the THz beam focusing (lens or no lens). For a zirconia rotor, the B1 field in the sample was found to be strongly dependent on the rotor wall thickness, which is attributed to the high refractive index of zirconia. The optimum thickness of the wall is likely due to a transmission maximum but is offset from the thickness predicted by a simple calculation for a flat slab of the wall material. The B1 value was found to be larger for a sapphire rotor than for a zirconia rotor for all cases studied. The results found in this work provide new insights into the coupling of THz radiation to the sample and should lead to improved designs of future DNP NMR instrumentation.

Metamaterial-Inspired Electrically Compact Triangular Antennas Loaded with CSRR

In this paper, simulation of two distinct kinds of metamaterial (MTM) antennas are proposed for fifth generation (5G) indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS). Both antennas operate in the sub-6 GHz 5G band, i.e., 3.5 GHz and to analyze various factors like gain, directivity, return loss, radiation intensity for the frequency of 3.5 GHz. The simulation of this metamaterial antenna is carried out in ANSYS HFSS v2021. Results like return loss, radiation pattern, 3D polar plot, side lobe level, beamwidth, radiated power, accepted power have been obtained using HFSS v2021. This research on metamaterial gives a great view on how it can be designed and used at 3.5GHz frequency has a measured gain/bandwidth characteristic of 100 MHz/2.6 dBi and 700 MHz/2.3 dBi, respectively. The main advantage of this antenna is it can be used as both transmitting and receiving antenna. Key Words: Metamaterial, CSRR, return loss, triangular CSRR

Unveiling New IoT Antenna Developments: Planar Multibeam Metasurface Half-Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens with Wavelength Etching

This study introduces a groundbreaking antenna system, the directive Metasurface Half-Maxwell Fish-Eye (MHMF) lens antenna, tailored specifically for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. Designed to operate at 60 GHz, this antenna ingeniously integrates a dipole antenna within a parallel-plate waveguide to illuminate a Half-Maxwell Fish-Eye (HMFE) lens. The HMFE lens serves as a focal point, enabling a crucial high gain for IoT operations. The integration of metasurface structures facilitates the attainment of the gradient refractive index essential for the lens surface. By employing commercial Ansys HFSS software, extensive numerical simulations were conducted to meticulously refine the design, focusing particularly on optimizing the dimensions of unit cells, notably the modified H-shaped cells within the parallel waveguides housing the beam launchers. A functional prototype of the antenna was constructed using a standard PCB manufacturing process. Rigorous testing in an anechoic chamber confirmed the functionality of these manufactured devices, with the experimental results closely aligning with the simulated findings. Far-field measurements have further confirmed the effectiveness of the antenna, establishing it as a high-gain antenna solution suitable for IoT applications. Specifically, it operates effectively within the 60 GHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is crucial for ensuring reliable communication in IoT devices. The directive HMFE lens antenna represents a significant advancement in enhancing IoT connectivity and capabilities. Leveraging innovative design concepts and metasurface technology, it heralds a new era of adaptable and efficient IoT systems.

Dielectric resonator antenna with graphene layer and NMP structure for THz applications

Antennas with high performance and technological materials are relevant for several application on THz band. In this work, we investigate the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with non-resonant microstrip patch (NMP) feed combined with a thin layer of graphene on the top of the Dielectric Resonator (DR) designed for 3.30 THz. The NMP structure provides high order HEM12δ mode with great advantages in gain values and radiation efficiency. The graphene layer associated with the NMP structure provided improvements in gain and return loss, as well as, tuning characteristics by changing the chemical potential. The antenna was simulated in Ansys HFSS, and the results obtained with NMP radius of 12.7 μm are S11=−37.98 and 7.9dB gain. Besides, the bandwidth increased 6.6% to 20%. These results corroborate the effectiveness and enhancement of the antenna parameters providing a great alternative for Terahertz band applications.

Accurate and non-contact measurement of volume percentages of oil-water fluids using microstrip sensors independent of the volume of sample using artificial neural network

Due to their moderate sensitivity, extremely cheap cost, ease of fabrication method, and, more crucially, the fact that they are non-invasive, planar microwave sensors have attracted a lot of interest from both industries and academics over the past years. These intriguing properties drive this field's research toward opening up a wide range of applications that go beyond oil and gas to include biological, material sensing, pollution monitoring, and other industrial uses. The main focus of this research is on the simulation and fabrication of a high-sensitivity, very small, and repeatable microwave sensor to measure volume fractions of oil and water in real-time. This sensor is designed by Ansys HFSS software and is made on the RT/Duroid 5880 (with εr = 2.2, thickness = 0.787 mm, loss tangent of 0.0009). In a polylactic acid (PLA) box made using a 3D printer, oil and water with different volume percentages will be placed on the microwave sensor in non-contact conditions. To determine volume percentages independent of the volume of the samples, different samples were analyzed in volumes of 5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml. The developed sensor includes two passing bands, and when exposed to crude oil with varying amounts of water, the frequencies of these bands, their insertion loss, and their prominence in these frequencies change. Due to the non-linear variations in the insertion loss, frequency, and prominence value of the two passbands, the MLP neural network is used in this study over other approaches for identifying the objective parameter. The MLP neural network's output was the water volume percentage, and its inputs were variations in the frequency, insertion loss, and prominence of the two passbands in the transmission response. Thanks to microwave sensors and artificial neural networks, volume fractions could be detected with high accuracy, independent of the volume of samples. The suggested microwave sensor could be a highly effective way to measure volume percentages in the oil sector because of its high accuracy, compact size, simplicity of transportation, non-contact feature, etc.

Development of Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band New Radio 5G Applications.

In this paper, an irregular octagonal two-port MIMO patch antenna is designed specifically for New Radio (NR) 5G applications in the mid-band sub-6 GHz. The proposed antenna comprises an irregularly shaped patch antenna equipped with a regular 50-ohm feed line and a parasitic strip line antenna, and is partially grounded. Jeans material serves as a substrate with an effective dielectric constant of 1.6 and a thickness of 1 mm. This material is studied experimentally. The proposed antenna design undergoes analysis and optimization using the ANSYS HFSS tool. Furthermore, the design incorporates the influence of the slot on both the ground plane and the parasitic strip line to optimize performance, enhance isolation, and improve impedance matching among antenna elements. The dimensions of the jeans substrate are 40 mm × 50 mm. The simulated impedance bandwidth ranged from 3.6 GHz to 7 GHz and the measured bandwidth was slightly narrower, from 4.35 GHz to 7 GHz. The simulation results demonstrated an isolation level greater than 12 dB between antenna elements, while the measured results reached 28.5 dB, and the peak gain for this proposed antenna stood at 6.74 dB. These qualities made this proposed antenna suitable for various New Radio mid-band 5G wireless applications within the sub-6 GHz band, such as N79, Wi-Fi-5/6, V2X, and DSRC applications.