Anonymous Text Research Articles

Natural Language Processing Based Poet Recognition with Supervised Learning on Turkish Poetry Dataset

Natural language processing-based studies become popular nowadays and Turkish based studies are increasing. The problem of author classification is based on determining whether an anonymous text belongs to one of the popular authors. This research problem is motivated by the idea that each author's work will reflect some basic features about the author's intellectual vocabulary and thus it should be possible to distinguish between authors. In this study, 50 poems of 5 different poets from Turkish Literature were taken and a dataset was obtained. Experiments were performed on the dataset using 9 different classifier methods. This is a preliminary study that will serve as a basis for future studies.

Crossing Linguistic Barriers: Authorship Attribution in Sinhala Texts

Authorship attribution involves determining the original author of an anonymous text from a pool of potential authors. The author attribution task has applications in several domains, such as plagiarism detection, digital text forensics, and information retrieval. While these applications extend beyond any single language, existing research has predominantly centered on English, posing challenges for application in languages such as Sinhala due to linguistic disparities and a lack of language processing tools. We present the first comprehensive study on cross-topic authorship attribution for Sinhala texts and propose a solution that can effectively perform the authorship attribution task even if the topics within the test and training samples differ. Our solution consists of three main parts: (i) extraction of topic-independent stylometric features, (ii) generation of a small candidate author set with the help of similarity search, and (iii) identification of the true author. Several experimental studies were carried out to demonstrate that the proposed solution can effectively handle real-world scenarios involving a large number of candidate authors and a limited number of text samples for each candidate author.

Anonymity, canonicity, and literary value

ABSTRACT This article investigates institutional forces that maintain the focus on canonical authors in Middle English studies, despite the ubiquity of anonymity in the Middle English corpus, and despite the extensive critique of the canon that the field has witnessed. It provides a snapshot of the current Middle English canon, surveys publication patterns in sample academic journals in the twenty-first century, examines the ways authorship serves (and anonymity does not) as a critical tool, and shows what anonymous texts might offer to the ongoing assessment of the literariness of Middle English texts. Analysis of the scholarship of two Middle English scholars over the first two decades of the current century demonstrates the challenges and opportunities in developing methods that discern the literariness of anonymous, non-canonical texts. Work in New Formalism and object studies offers possibilities for recognising the literariness of anonymous texts not traditionally considered in terms of their aesthetic or formal features.

Parody of the “Sensitive Traveller” Type in the Russian Travelogues of the First Third of the 19th Century

This article analyses Russian travelogues of the first third of the nineteenth century, which are variations of parodies of the “Karamzin canon”. The study focuses on the “sensitive traveller” as a type of the subject of narrative characteristic of the sentimental travel of the early nineteenth century. The author refers to both popular parody texts of travelogues (for example, My Journey, or the Adventures of One Day by N. P. Brusilov and A Sensitive Journey along Nevsky Prospekt by P. L. Yakovlev) and those unknown to the wider audience. The article presents an analysis of the anonymous text A Sensitive Journey to St Petersburg of a Village Nobleman, published in two issues of the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski for 1826 which has not been carried out before. The research aims to systematise the main approaches to the study of Russian parody travelogues of the first third of the nineteenth century, determine the functions of parody on the type of “sensitive traveller”, and identify the influence of parody texts on the evolution of the travelogue genre in the historical and literary process. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that the appearance of parody travelogues was associated with the crisis of sentimentalism as a mode in the Russian historical and literary process of the nineteenth century; the main objects of parodies were the key elements of the “Karamzin canon”, “common places”, which demonstrated the inconsistency of the principles of sentimental poetics of travel. Parodies of the “sensitive traveller” type demonstrated the authors’ excessive fascination with the description of sensitivity and subjectivity of perception of the travel event, which led to a distortion of the main parameters of the narrative structure of the travelogue, a lack of fabula, and leveling of the status of the travel event. In this connection, parody travelogues began to depict “a journey without a journey”, “a journey before a journey”, “an imaginary journey”, etc. Thus, parodies of the travelogue genre and the type of “sensitive traveller” turned out to be a popular phenomenon in the Russian historical and literary process in the first third of the nineteenth century and demonstrated the need to transform the narrative structure of the travel text.

Enhancing nursing students' reflection through Padlet: an action research.

Reflective practice is encouraged amongst healthcare students, including nursing students. However, students do not have a 'safe space' to practice reflection before being assessed. Padlet is an interactive platform that can potentially facilitate students' reflection via its features that enables anonymous participation, asynchronous participation and collaborative learning environment. This study aims to explore the influence of current reflection teaching method on students' reflective practice and how Padlet can facilitate students' reflective practice. An action research was undertaken with 22 first year nursing students from Feb to May 2023. Participants answered questions anonymously pre-class and post-class in two Padlet boards. The researcher gave constructive feedback and signposted good examples of reflection to participants thus enabling 'champion' students to emerge during the process. Anonymous texts from two Padlet boards were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis technique. Three themes were generated: i) Unpacking variation in students baseline understanding of reflection; ii) Co-constructed understanding of reflection and iii) Prompting reflective practice through tools and triggers. Students joined the study with different presumptions and understanding of reflection, ranging from descriptive understanding of the concept, a total misunderstanding of the concept and in-depth understanding of reflection. They all indicated a changed understanding of reflection post-class and emphasized the benefits of a socially constructed learning process. Participants suggested the use of reflective tools (via reflective models) and triggers (via probing questions and feedback) as useful to facilitate their reflection. This study indicates that the current teaching materials enable students to enhance their understanding of reflection. Nevertheless, students could potentially benefit from tools and triggers that will initiate and support their reflection. To that end, Padlet proves a promising tool to enhance students' reflection via its function to enable anonymity, asynchronous participation and socially constructed learning environment.

A Newly Identified Treatise on the Tables of Marseilles (Twelfth Century) and Its Non-Ptolemaic Planetary Theory

Abstract Two Latin manuscripts in Oxford and Florence preserve diverging recensions of a previously unnoticed astronomical treatise beginning Infra signiferi poli regionem (Oxford recension) or Circulorum alius est sub quo (Florence recension). It can be shown that this anonymous text was originally intended to accompany the Tables of Marseilles in Raymond of Marseilles’s twelfth-century Liber cursuum planetarum (ca. 1141). While the core tables for planetary longitudes in this set were founded on Ptolemy’s kinematic models, as known from the Almagest, this new source frequently deviates from the Ptolemaic norm, for instance by explicitly rejecting an epicyclic explanation of planetary stations and retrogradations. In place of the latter, it argues in favour of a heliodynamic theory inspired by Roman sources such as Pliny, which underwent certain developments in the works of twelfth-century Latin writers such as William of Conches. Rather than being wholly exceptional, these features are indicative of a degree of disconnect between planetary theory and computational practice in twelfth-century Latin astronomy, which is also detectable in other sources from this period.

Anonymity in Law, Criminalistics and Forensic Examination

The problem of establishing the identity of the anonymous author has always been a pressing task of criminalistics, forensic examination, literary and art studies. Since the end of the 19th century forensic scientists have been developing technical and tactical methods and means to recognize a person who is the author or at the same time author and performer of handwritten and typed texts, drawings, and audio messages. At present tactical, technical, and forensic support for the identification of the unknown author of computer materials, telecommunication messages and mailings are actively developing. Also, methods for applying artificial intelligence technologies during the investigative activities of this particular kind are being developed. The present article is devoted to an overview of the history, current state and prospects for the development of methods for obtaining information about a person from anonymous text and speech materials.

Enhance nursing students’ reflection through Padlet: an action research

Background: Reflective practice (RP) is encouraged amongst healthcare students, including nursing students. However, students do not have a ‘safe space’ to practice reflection before being assessed. Padlet is an interactive platform that can potentially facilitate students’ reflection via its features that enables anonymous participation, asynchronous participation and collaborative learning environment. This study aims to explore the influence of current reflection teaching method on students’ RP and how Padlet can facilitate students’ RP. Methods: An action research was undertaken with 22 first year nursing students from Feb to May 2023. Participants answered questions anonymously pre-class and post-class in two Padlet boards. The researcher gave constructive feedback and signposted good examples of reflection to participants thus enabling ‘champion’ students to emerge during the process. Anonymous texts from two Padlet boards were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis technique. Results: Three themes were generated: i) Pre-class variable baseline understanding of reflection; ii) Co-constructed reflection and iii) Tools and triggers for reflection. Students joined the study with different presumptions and understanding of reflection, ranging from descriptive understanding of the concept, a total misunderstanding of the concept and in-depth understanding of reflection. They all indicated a changed understanding of reflection post-class and emphasized the benefits of a socially constructed learning process. Participants suggested the use of reflective tools (via reflective models) and triggers (via probing questions and feedback) as useful to facilitate their reflection. Conclusions: This study indicates that the current teaching materials enable students to enhance their understanding of reflection. Nevertheless, students could potentially benefit from tools and triggers that will initiate and support their reflection. To that end, Padlet proves a promising tool to enhance students’ reflection via its function to enable anonymity, asynchronous participation and socially constructed learning environment.

Analysis of effective techniques and algorithms in terms of “text mining” to predict the authorship in Albanian language

Natural Language Processing has gained a special importance and development in recent years, where the analysis of written texts through various techniques of “text mining” and the extraction of all their features is a prerequisite to be used and be further implemented for various purposes. In this paper it will be compared some of the most effective techniques and algorithms in termsof “text mining”, to predict the authorship of a written text in the Albanian language, using for training the model, a fund of articles written by some of the most well- known bloggers of Albanian journalism. When talking about finding the authorship of a text it must kept in mind many important elements such as: number of sentences, sentence structure, number of words in a sentence, repetition of the same word, length of words used, frequency of the use of punctuation, literary figures used; elements which best display the unique narrative style for each author. This paper can serve as a good starting point to go further to its specific objective, predicting the authorship of an anonymous text, but also for other applications related to “text mining”, referring to the Albanian language.

The historical testimonial value of anonymous letters about the events in Ljubljana during the first French occupation (1797)

An anonymous text, published by Ljubljana’s publisher Wilhelm Heinrich Korn in 1797, recounts in German dialect the events of the first French occupation of Carniola—and specifically of its capital—in epistolary form. This paper aims to highlight the value of the letters as historical testimony and to provide an analysis of their content and style, emphasizing above all the perspective embraced by their author. The analysis shows that the lively discourse developed by the anonymous citizen from Ljubljana shifts between empathy for his fellow citizens, who experienced severe hardship, and an ironic attitude towards the occupiers; he avoids, however, celebrating the former and condemning the latter with words that may acquire an explicit political value.

Author Identification on Anonymous Regional Literature

Abstract: In order to identify the author of a given text, researchers have used many different methods. One such method is forensic linguistics which examines stylistic and content-based aspects of a text in an effort to determine who wrote it. Another area where author identification is often useful is bot detection; this involves identifying automated accounts on social media or other websites. Finally, marketing research can also be utilized for identifying the authors behind advertisements. Despite significant progress having been made with English texts, there remains much work to be done when it comes to regional variations in language use. In this study, we aim to build a machine learning model that will be able to identify the probable author of the provided anonymous text using various lexical and syntactic variables of the literature.

Linguistic Indicators of Psychopathy and Malignant Narcissism in the Personal Letters of the Austrian Killer Jack Unterweger

Forensic authorship profiling aims to extract socio-demographic information about the authors of anonymous texts based on linguistic features found in their written texts. One aspect of such a profile that is not usually considered is an analysis of the author’s personality traits. The present study intends to provide a starting point for research into this area. This will be achieved through the investigation of linguistic features reflective of the conditions of psychopathy and malignant narcissism in 14 personal letters of the killer Jack Unterweger. Previous research in the field of psychology has largely examined “psychopathic” and “narcissistic” language in spoken conversations rather than written ones, or in texts produced for the respective study rather than in naturally occurring texts. The findings of the present study thus diverge from previous findings in some aspects (e.g., the use of first-person pronouns), while they provide support for others (e.g., the incoherence of thoughts and changes in topics).

Chaos game representation for authorship attribution

The authorship attribution task assumes the presence of several examples of documents written by various authors and it must be determined who wrote a given anonymous text. For each author, a specific writing style is hypothesized, with characteristics that the authors themselves are not aware of. The writing style acts as a fingerprint, as various features have been demonstrated to remain consistent for one author over the years. The Chaos Game Representation, a method for creating images from nucleotide sequences, is modified to make images from chunks of text documents. A text is transformed into a representation similar to a fingerprint that is used to check for similarities between the patterns existing in such marks from texts of distinct authors. Results indicate that this representation encodes sufficient particularities from an author writing style to make the methodology competitive for this field, with applications of both historic and current importance.

Imperial Rhetoric in the Publicism of the Palatinate before the Bohemian Coronation of Elector Frederick V

At the turn of the 16th — 17th centuries, the imperial discourse was changing, the new German princes were determined to protect the “true faith”, and they were not against revising the agreements reached by their predecessors. Confessional and imperial propaganda was on the increase in Germany. Did the publicism of the beginning of the 17th century reflect the religious social and political demarcation between the Catholic and Evangelical estate? In the Palatinate funeral sermons and speeches of professors of the University of Heidelberg, which were distributed among the subjects of the Palatinate and fellow Calvinists, the apology of the “true faith” came to the fore, and the place of the “imperial estate” was occupied by the Evangelical and Catholic estates, which were opposed to each other. However, in the writings that had spread throughout Germany, imperial rhetoric did not recede into the background, but was transformed along with the image of the Empire itself. This was evidenced by an anonymous text of 1618 of Palatinate origin on the reasons for the destruction by the troops of the Evangelical Union of the fortress of Udenheim, erected by the bishop of Speyer, a member of the Catholic League. In the 1570s — 1580s the Empire was presented as a common home for Protestants and Catholics, an assembly of estates headed by the emperor, and before the Thirty Years’ War the rhetoric of the texts of the Palatinate was increasingly moving towards understanding the Empire only as an elite community without a clear leader. This source allows us to speak about two motives of the Elector of the Palatinate Frederick V’s decision to demolish the Udenheim fortifications: the protection of the Empire and the protection of hereditary possessions, and both of these motives are indissoluble linked — the security of hereditary lands and subjects could only be ensured in the absence of threats to the Empire. Frederick V is shown in the text as one of the main persons responsible for the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation on the banks of the Rhine. The defense of the Empire for him meant the defense of his own corner of the imperial home — territories that had traditionally, since the 14th century, been under the influence of the Rhine palatine counts.

Building a software model to preserve intellectual property and identify the authorship of a text

This article describes a software model algorithm that was implemented in order to determine the author of an unknown document based on the previously presented data and also studies the degree of accuracy of each of the measures for determining the authorship of a text. A comparative analysis is carried out based on the dependence of the quality of the identification of the text's creator on his stylistic affiliation. The problem of determining the authorship of anonymous text in this programming model has been solved using a set of metrics, for each of which the following parameters are required: analysis of text frequency, total number of characters in the text, and dimension of the alphabet. These parameters are required for anonymous text and for the library of famous authors.

“The future of the internet hangs in the balance”: the perception and framing of political opportunity and threat in the contentious politics of data

ABSTRACT Opportunities are often conceptualized as ‘openings’ in a social movement’s external environment which can reduce the cost of collective action, while threat is a force which increases the cost of inaction. These concepts were originally formulated to describe the political contexts of traditional offline movements, therefore how are they perceived and framed by activists in the digital environment of data? This study utilizes qualitative thematic coding to examine the collective action frames in four years of archival texts from 2009 to 2012 of two highly adept data activist mobilizations: The Digital Rights movement and the Anonymous hacktivist collective. Analyses show that frames of opportunity appear with far less frequency than threat. For both cases, volatile opportunity frames regarding their online actions are very rare, especially in the Anonymous texts. It concludes by suggesting that highly leveraging the affordances of digital technology and data may lead to political opportunities losing some of their perceived salience as a mobilizing force, while cultural factors around data activism may simultaneously result in an increased perception of threats. This study shows the importance of understanding how data mediate contemporary collective action and calls for further development and synthesis of the structural and cultural aspects of both opportunity and threat in social movement theory.

Machine learning-based authorship attribution using token n-grams and other time tested features

Authorship Attribution is a process to determine and/or identify the author of a given text document. The relevance of this research area comes to the fore when two or more writers claim to be the prospective authors of an unidentified or anonymous text document or are unwilling to accept any authorship. This research work aims to utilize various Machine Learning techniques in order to solve the problem of author identification. In the proposed approach, a number of textual features such as Token n-grams, Stylometric features, bag-of-words and TF-IDF have been extracted. Experimentation has been performed on three datasets viz. Spooky Author Identification dataset, Reuter_50_50 dataset and Manual dataset with 3 different train-test split ratios viz. 80-20, 70-30 and 66.67-33.33. Models have been built and tested with supervised learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Random Forest. The proposed system yields promising results. For the Spooky dataset, the best accuracy score obtained is 84.14% with bag-of-words using Naïve Bayes classifier. The best accuracy score of 86.2% is computed for the Reuter_50_50 dataset with 2100 most frequent words when the classifier used is Support Vector Machine. For the Manual dataset, the best score of 96.67% is obtained using the Naïve Bayes Classification Model with both 5-fold and 10-fold cross validation when both syntactic features and 600 most frequent unigrams are used in combination.

Poetic Style and Innovation in Old English, Old Norse, and Old Saxon

Poetic Style and Innovation in Old English, Old Norse, and Old Saxon

Методика определения возраста автора текста на основе метрик удобочитаемости и лексического разнообразия

The article describes the approaches to determining the age of the author of an anonymous text written in Russian. The fundamental works of the subject area are considered, both proven approaches (support vector machine, naive Bayes classifier, convolutional and recurrent neural networks) and modern methods (fastText, BERT) are implemented. The study used its own data set containing 1,5 million comments from social media users. A separate experiment is devoted to assessing the impact on the classification accuracy of various text vectorization methods. As a result of a series of experiments aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the methods used and selecting informative features, a model was obtained that can predict the age of the author of an anonymous text with an accuracy of 83.2%.

The Author and the Authors of the 'Vita Ædwardi Regis:' Women's Literary Culture and Digital Humanities

Commissioned by Queen Edith in the 1060s, the Vita Ædwardi Regis (hereafter VER) has recently received substantial scholarly attention, including focus on identification of the author of this putatively anonymous text; the quest for authorial identification has until now proceeded with the assumption of sole authorship of the text. Lexomics, an open-access vocabulary analysis tool, adds digital strategies to more traditional literary and historical analyses; the Lexomic evidence indicates that the VER is a composite text built by multiple contributors under the direction of the queen. Not only did Edith's patronage cause the VER to be written, but her knowledge, and her personal and political interests, shaped the Life's content. Hers was the active, guiding intellect behind the entire text, and in two passages the VER appears not only to communicate the queen's intentions but also to preserve her voice. If any one person is to be identified as the 'author' of the VER, therefore, it is Edith, guiding a team of writers and scribes to tell her story.