Anomic Suicide Research Articles

A conceptual framework for mobile-based cyberbullying-related youth suicide risk screening and intervention

ABSTRACT The prevalence of cyberbullying and related suicide rate increases among youth demand a proactive and systematic response. This paper proposes a mobile-based Framework for Youth Suicide Screening and intervention (YSSI) to address the issue of youth suicide within the cyber environment. It draws on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory to understand the developmental stages of youth and employs Durkheim’s concept of anomic suicide to frame suicide due to cyberbullying as a social fact that extends beyond individual problems. Additionally, the framework invokes Friedrich Engels’ concept of social murder to highlight the urgent social responsibility of preventing youth suicide. The YSSI framework is designed for early detection and intervention, with mobile technology as a primary tool. It encompasses four stages: Stage 1 (Warning Signs), Stage 2 (Assessment), Stage 3 (Intervention), and Stage 4 (Follow-up). This framework emphasizes the critical role of community and family engagement in addressing youth suicide in the digital era. This engagement aims to provide support and guidance to youth, thereby strengthening their resilience to adversity associated with cyberbullying. In alignment with the objectives of the Grand Challenge for Social Work Initiative (GCSWI), the YSSI framework is dedicated to mitigating the negative effects of cyberbullying through collaborative social engagement and fostering a critical discourse on youth mental health and cyber well-being.

Institutional suicide as anomie: decedents speak out for work-related suicides through a Durkheimian exploration of suicide notes in a context without institutional responsibilization for suicide prevention.

Drawing on Durkheim's historical theorization of suicide, we extend his concept of anomic suicide, which is suicide due to a lack of social regulation, to introduce the concept of institutional suicide. We define institutional suicide as suicide due to the absence or decline of institutional policies, practices, and discourses for prevention. In this study, we explore the mechanisms for institutional suicides based on suicide notes Turkey, in a context without institutional responsibilization for prevention. Turkey provides a significant context for studying institutional suicides as policies, practices, and discourses for suicide prevention have been declining for some decades. Drawing on publically available suicide notes and narratives in Turkish media outlets, we analyze 17 suicide notes and responses from their institutions of work and friends, family, and colleagues. We identify two mechanisms that lead to institutional suicides: (1) dehumanization due to lack of recognition and (2) misrecognition through a devaluation of potential. We extend the theory of anomie to institutional settings and offer social policy suggestions to improve institutional responses based on co-design based on suicide notes to prevent institutional suicides and call for institutional responsibilization for preventing work-related suicides.

Paraphilia Induced Suicide: A Case Report

Paraphilia is a term used to describe different sexual deviations involving unconventional methods of sexual gratification. Paraphili as indulged in abnormal and orthodox sex play by using objects as parts of the body or fantasies in which complete satisfaction is sought and obtained without sexual intercourse. Perversions are acts that are socially prohibited or unacceptable, or biologically undesirable. In sexual paraphilia, usually, person psychopaths suffer from mental aberrations and conflicts, socio-sexual maladjustments, psychosexual imbalance, and abnormalities. Paraphilia-induced suicide is a type of anomic suicide, and anomic suicide is due to a lack of social regulation that occurs during high levels of stress and frustration. Paraphilia may induce suicide even though paraphilia is not punishable. It is just due to fear of social defamation and social taboo. Case presentation: A 59-year-old male committed suicide on the railway track, and thenthe body was sent to the mortuary room for an autopsy examination. History was taken from the police and relatives. He was a widower for the last 15 years. Conclusions: Paraphilia is the form of the insertion of foreign bodies in the rectum, and when a person cannot remove foreign bodies himself, attending a hospital is very humiliating. To prevent the social integrity or selfesteem, the person committed suicide. Where this type of paraphilia is not listed as a crime in India, for sexual gratification, a person may use it by any means, which may be natural or unnatural form. Many unnatural forms of paraphilia are used by many people, which is not punishable. Sexual gratification is done by most of normal people and a few abnormal psychiatric people by any sexual perversion. All paraphilia that is not punishable by the law should not be considered a social taboo.

Sociodemography, pattern, and response inhibition in suicide survivors: A case-control study.

Suicide is a global phenomenon. Psychiatric disorders are estimated to contribute to a large proportion of suicides; however, impulsive suicide is also common. Among the ages of 15-29 years, suicide was the second leading cause of death worldwide and has been hypothesized to have reduced response inhibition and decision-making abilities as contributing factors, which directly relate to impaired executive functioning and suicidal behavior. This study aimed to study sociodemography, method, and pattern of suicide, and response inhibition in suicide survivors. A case-control study was designed in a tertiary medical center in Madhya Pradesh using convenient sampling of suicide survivors and controls from the general population over 3 months. Data collection was semi-structured pro forma, and response inhibition was assessed using the Stroop test. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Windows version 25.0. Independent-samples Student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for analyzing means of continuous data, nominal data, and ordinal data, respectively. The level of significance was at P < 0.05. A total of 126 suicide survivors and 99 controls were assessed after the end of the study period. Age (mean age for cases 25.4 ± 9.16; controls 23 ± 7.9), gender (F ~ M), and socioeconomic status were used to match cases and controls. 85.7% of suicide survivors had no history of suicide, but the majority had precipitating factors. Anomic suicide was the most common type, and poisoning was the most common method of suicide. Response inhibition between cases and control was significantly different. The majority of suicide attempts were impulsive in youth, with no gender discrimination. Response inhibition seemed to play a role in a suicide attempt.

Anomic suicides on rise during recently emerging crises: revisiting Durkheim's model.

Suicide is a global public health issue, with behavior differing across genders, age groups, places, and sociopolitical settings. Emile Durkheim characterized anomic suicide as occurring when social standards fail, resulting in purposelessness and directionlessness. Young people who are experiencing social issues are in danger, even if they do not voice suicidal ideas. Prevention interventions should target these people by strengthening resilience, minimizing social dysregulation stress, and fostering the development of life skills, coping resources, and social support. Anomic suicide has important psychological and societal implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering social cohesion and assisting persons experiencing purposelessness or a lack of direction in life.

TIPOLOGI BUNUH DIRI DALAM NOVEL SAN FRANCISCO: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA

Typology Suicide in the San Francisco Novel: A Study of Literary Sociology. of This study aims to describe and analyze the typology of suicide based on the theory of sociologist Emile Durkheim in the novel San Francisco by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The author carried out the study in two stages, namely data collection and data analysis. The stages of data collection were completed in four ways: reading, recording, and processing data via textual dialogs in the novel. Furthermore, the writer will also describe aspects, facts, and the types of Emile Durkheim's suicide, which will be presented in the form of dialogue text data in a structured manner according to the novel by using the study of sociology of literature. Based on the results of the study, it shows that in the novel San Francisco by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie, there are three types of suicide according to Emile Durkheim, including egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, and anomic suicide.

A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis

Abstract This paper aims at exploring the multi-layers of suicide in Sarah Kane's play Psychosis (2000) in the light of Emile Durkheim's identifications of suicide: egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, anomic suicide, and fatalistic suicide. The play encompasses these kinds of suicide through the portrayal of a hospitalized patient battling with her psychotic disorders and suicidal thoughts. Egoistic suicide is demonstrated through the patient’s social alienation from the mainstream of society and her submersion into a state of egoism. Altruistic suicide is depicted either through the patient’s view of suicide as a window overlooking infinity where the ego should be situated beyond life itself or through her inability to cope with her mental illness. Anomic suicide takes place when the patient falls into the abyss of frustration, despair, vulnerability, and anomy because of society’s indifference to her feelings, passions, and organic necessities. Fatalistic suicide is manifested through her suffocation by the overregulation of society represented by the oppressive, uncaring medical system. The disintegration of the human mind of the depressed patient is poignantly divulged through the employment of the stream of consciousness. Rarely do we find dialogical parts except the conversations between the patient and the therapist. Kane does not designate characters throughout the play as though she desires to grab the readers into the labyrinth associated with suicidal thoughts. المستخلص باللغة العربية يهدف هذا البحث إلى استکشاف الأشکال المتعددة للانتحارفي مسرحية ذهان 4.48 (2000) لسارة کين في ضوء تعريفات إميل دورکايم للانتحار: الانتحار الأناني، الانتحار الإيثاري، الانتحار اللامعياري، الانتحار القدري. تلخص المسرحية هذه الأنواع من الانتحار من خلال تصوير مريضة نفسية في مصحة تصارع اضطرابات ذهانية وأفکار انتحارية. يظهر الانتحار الأناني من خلال الاغتراب الاجتماعي للمريضة عن التيار السائد للمجتمع واستغراقها في حالة من الأنانية. يتم تصوير الانتحار الإيثاري إما من خلال رؤية المريضة للانتحار کنافذة تطل على الأبدية حيث يجب أن تکون أناها خارج الحياة نفسها أو من خلال عدم قدرتها على التعامل مع مرضها العقلي. يظهر الانتحار اللامعياري عندما تقع المريضة في هاوية الاحباط واليأس والوهن وفقدان التواصل بسبب عدم اکتراث المجتمع تجاه عواطفها ومشاعرها وضروراتها العضوية. يتجلى الانتحار القدري من خلال شعورها بالاختناق بسبب المبالغة في التنظيم المجتمعي الذي يمثله النظام الطبي غير المکثرث. يتم الکشف بشکل مؤلم عن تمزق عقل المريضة من خلال توظيف تيار الوعي، ونادرا من نجد أجزاء حوارية باستثناء الحوارات بين المريضة والطبيبة النفسية، ولم تحدد کين أسماء الشخصيات خلال المسرحية کما لو کانت لديها الرغبة في جذب القراء إلى المتاهة المرتبطة بالأفکار الانتحارية.

Suicide among Undergraduate Students in Southeast Nigeria: An Empirical Evaluation of Durkheim’s Classifications of Suicide

The Durkheimian sociological doctrine of suicide is classified into regulation/integration, high and low social currents, with four resultant suicide types such as egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. Across Nigeria and social classes, suicide types and circumstances according to the above classifications have become worrisome, warranting empirical investigation into the social wellbeing and suicide potentials in the social realm of Nigerian socio-economic and political landscape. As such, this study investigated the suicide tendency among undergraduate students in some selected institutions of higher learning in south-eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey design using a sample size of 2,200 students (17+). The study adopted parametric statistics for the test of the relationship of variables. In the overall findings, altruistic suicide tendency is high (60%), this is followed by anomic suicide tendency (47%), egoistic suicide tendency (46%) and fatalistic suicide tendency (41%). From the regression model (p&lt; .05), altruistic suicide tendency was found to be predicted by family income and strong ties with family activities. Equally, anomic suicide tendency can be predicted by how many years the students have been in the school. Egoistic suicide tendency was found to be positively correlated with family income and source of sponsorship while fatalistic suicide tendency was found to be positively correlated with only family income.

A DURKHEIMIAN APPROACH TO THE THEME OF SUICIDE IN AYLA KUTLU'S NOVELS

Ayla Kutlu, 1980 sonrası Türk edebiyatında, roman ve öykü türündeki eserleriyle yerini alır. Romanlarının yanı sıra çocuk kitapları, öykü kitapları ve öz yaşam öyküsü bulunan yazarın birçok yapıtı sahneye ve televizyona uyarlanmıştır. Ayla Kutlu, derin gözlemlere ve dönem tahlillerine dayanan romanlarında toplumsal ve bireysel izlekleri harmanlayarak eserlerini çok katmanlı bir yapıda kurgular. Bu yönüyle Kutlu’nun romancılığı toplumsal olaylar içerisinde etkilenen kahramanların serüvenlerine odaklanır. Romanlarında Türkiye tarihine etki eden toplumsal olaylar, roman kahramanlarının dünyasında ve onların yaşamı algılayış tarzlarıyla takip edilir. Sosyal meselelere, toplumsal olaylara kayıtsız kalmayan ve eserleri üzerinden tarihe dair özgün yorumunu gerçekleştiren yazar, eserlerini sosyolojik bir kaynak haline getirir. Kutlu’nun romanlarında, özellikle içerisine doğduğu iklime uyum sağlayamamış, dışlanmış ve ötekileştirilmiş kahramanların intihar eylemleri göze çarpar. Bireyin yaşamsal atılımının yitiminin sonucunda bir kurtuluş/kaçış olarak başvurulan ya da tam tersi; birey tarafından kutsanarak bir adanış olarak gerçekleştirilen intiharı Emile Durkheim, toplumun yönlendirdiği sosyolojik bir olgu olarak kabul eder. Durkheim’ın ve takipçilerinin geliştirdiği görüşe göre intihar, bireyin toplum karşısındaki rolü ve tavrına göre şekillenmektedir. Bu kuram, intiharı toplumsal dayanaklarına göre üç ana başlıkta tasnif eder: “Bencil İntihar”, “Elcil İntihar” ve “Kuralsızlık İntiharı”. Çalışmamızda Ayla Kutlu’nun “Cadı Ağacı”, “Ateş Üstünde Yürümek” “Kadın Destanı” ve “Asi… Asi” romanlarında yer alan intihar izlekleri, Emile Durkheim tarafından tanımlanan başlıklar çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir.

Teaching about the Spirit of Trust on Someone Who has Perception of Anomic Suicide: As a Solution to Generate Transcendental Trust on Personality

Suicide is an event that often occurs among the community due to a personal psychological disorder, both due to depression, mental disorders and so on, especially depression due to economic, social and chronic diseases experienced by a person and lasts for a long time as a result they assume hat matters It inhibits all activities and life and even considers itself no longer useful because of the lack of intake of the values of the spirit of trust of his religion, as a result someone wants to end his life with suicide, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the teachings of belief (the spirit of trust) on anomic suicidal perceptions that aim to reduce the anomic suicide rate of a person in the community, the type of research used is library research by conducting a literature study both books, journals and other references relating to the object under study, based on the results of research that the teachings of trust (the spirit of trust) can reduce one's suicidal perceptions that have implications for reducing the desire to commit suicide.

PERSFEKTIF MANAJEMEN DAKWAH TERHADAP BUNUH DIRI

Abstract : Suicide is an act that is prohibited in Islam. Nevertheless, cases (events) of suicide occur a lot among Muslims. The reason is because: (1) Egoistic suicide (personal business); (2) alturuistic suicide (suicide to fight for others); (3) anomic suicide (suicide because of society in confusion). This condition is exacerbated by the quality of weak faith (dominated by taqlid). To prevent this phenomenon, Islamic preaching is very significant to foster the faith of the Ummah. In this context, it is necessary to have da'wah management to manage, organize, control and evaluate da'wah activities so that Muslims have istiqomah faith characterized by not being afraid in the face of calamities and examinations. Conversely, Muslims who try and make every effort to respond to calamities and tests are created and can take lessons from all challenges by being patient and relying on Allah alone and will give birth to optimistic traits. Keywords: Da'wah Management, Suicide

Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration

AbstractThough anomie is one of sociology’s most unique conceptual contributions, its progenitor, Emile Durkheim, was notably ambiguous about its meaning. Consequently, its use in contemporary sociology has varied wildly. In part, the confusion surrounding anomie stems from Durkheim’s insistence that it iscausedbyderegulation, which has resisted operationalization. Nevertheless, careful consideration of the “four faces” of anomie most prominent in the sociological canon—that is, (1) the anomic division of labor, (2) anomic suicide, (3) Mertonian strain, and (4) the micro-level symbolic-cultural versions—reveals that disruption and disintegration, rather than deregulation, are the common threads woven through each. Drawing from this insight, a new theoretical conceptualization for anomie is offered that defines it as (a) a social psychological force operating at both the (b) individual- or “meso”/corporate unit-level of social reality that results from (c) chronic or acutedisruptionsthat, in turn, generate (d) real or imagined disintegrative pressures. Furthermore, disruptions are not only predicated on the real or imagined loss of social ties (dissolution), but also on the real or imagined loss of attachment to a coherent social reality (disjunction) and/or physical space (dislocation). This recalibration allows anomie to enter into deeper dialogue with a wide range of other phenomena that may in fact share some overlapping elements with anomie related to the pain of potentially losing cherished social relationships and the motivation toward self-harm, anti-socialandeven pro-social behaviors to escape this social pain.

Cosmopolitanism and the relevance of 'zombie concepts': the case of anomic suicide amongst Alevi Kurd youth.

Against Beck's claims that conventional sociological concepts and categories are zombie categories, this paper argues that Durkheim's theoretical framework in which suicide is a symptom of an anomic state of society can help us understand the diversity of trajectories that transnational migrants follow and that shape their suicide rates within a cosmopolitan society. Drawing on ethnographic data collected on eight suicides and three attempted suicide cases of second-generation male Alevi Kurdish migrants living in London, this article explains the impact of segmented assimilation/adaptation trajectories on the incidence of suicide and how their membership of a 'new rainbow underclass', as a manifestation of cosmopolitan society, is itself an anomic social position with a lack of integration and regulation.

Explaining Suicide in Organizations: Durkheim Revisited

AbstractDrawing on Durkheim's concept of anomie, we address the under‐explored phenomenon of anomic suicide in contemporary organizations and discuss the consequences of solidarity for organizations and society. The relations of social solidarity to issues of identity and insecurity are explored through the cases of France Telecom Orange and Foxconn. Remedial implications for organizing, considered as community building, are discussed. Durkheim wrote not only about anomic but also altruistic suicide. We will also analyze examples of this type of suicide. Some tentative suggestions are made for how to organize to minimize the incidence of suicidal violence in organizations.

Normlessness, Anomie, and the Emotions

In Suicide, Durkheim described two qualitatively different experiences of normative anomie, each with a distinct affective basis: an intentional, if not ruthless, disdain for society's normative order; and an unintentional disregard for, or confusion about, norms or rules of conduct. We generalize Durkheim's classification of the socioaffective aspects of anomic suicide, and present two theoretical models of normlessness‐anomie and the emotions. These models posit that intentional anomie involves the primary emotions anger, disgust, and joy‐happiness; these emotions can combine to form the secondary emotions contempt, pride, and derisiveness. Unintentional, passive anomie rather involves the emotions surprise, fear, and sadness; these can combine to form the secondary emotions disappointment, shame, and alarm. We additionally hypothesize that each kind of anomie has distinct potential behavioral consequences: intentional anomie can result in immorality, shamelessness, acquisitiveness, and premeditated homicidality; unintentional anomie, in depression, confusion, uncertainty, unpremeditated homicidality, and suicidality.

Durkheim's types of suicide and social capital: a cross‐national comparison of 53 countries

AbstractEmile Durkheim conceptualised four types of suicide depending on the level of regulation and integration of society. Many studies have been conducted using his types of suicide as a model. Recently, social capital has produced a wide range of studies examining the benefits that the concept has to social and economic outcomes in a community. Durkheim's conceptualisation of egoistic, altruistic, and anomic suicide may be viewed as different forms of social capital. The current analysis examines Durkheim's different types of suicide using a social capital model. The findings demonstrate that suicide increases in countries where the individual is too integrated into society (altruistic suicide) and decreases in countries where the individual does not feel part of society (egoistic suicide). The findings illustrate that social capital can increase or decrease suicide depending on the amount of social capital present in the country.

Anomic suicide: A Durkheimian analysis of European normlessness

ABSTRACTAccording to Durkheim (1897), periods of economic, social, or political change result in a state of anomie or normlessness. Anomic periods lead to deregulation of desires and suffering. Durkheim hypothesized that, as an expression of suffering, societies and groups experience an increase in suicide rates. This paper provides two formal tests of Durkheim’s (1897) theory of anomie - a behavioral aggregate analysis and an attitudinal individual-level analysis - on the backdrop of the 2008 economic crash. The first analysis assesses the relationship between unemployment and suicide in the European Union between 2000 and 2010. Results provide conditional support for Durkheim's theory: suicide rates increased following the crash and decreased once economic stability resumed in 2010 for males only. A second attitudinal analysis identified factors contributing to the gendered relationship between anomie and suicide. Results indicated that traditional Durkheimian regulatory mechanisms, such as marriage and divorce, contributed to the gender-specific results.

Status and Solidarity: A Reformulation of Early Durkheimian Theory*

Previous scholars have charged that Durkheim provides an inadequate theory of inequality, that the concept of organic solidarity is not well supported, and that egoistic and anomic suicide cannot be adequately distinguished. Although these problems appear distinct, they each arise because Durkheim naturalized inequality and ignored social status. Introducing a concept of status permits a reconceptualization of the types of suicide and creates new analytic connections between The Division of Labor and Suicide. Social solidarity and status hierarchies are presented as variations in the relationship between social integration and social regulation. The interplay between status and solidarity influences the expression of social practice, power, belief, and justice.

How Do Durkheimian Variables Impact Variation in National Suicide Rates When Proxies for Depression and Alcoholism are Controlled?*

Sociological research on Durkheim's theories of egoistic and anomic suicide has given Durkheim continued support more than a century after Durkheim published his work. Recent criticism by Breault (1994), though, argues that Durkheim's theories of suicide actually have not been empirically supported given the lack of psychological variables included in sociological research on suicide rates. Using proxy measures of depression and alcoholism, two known psychological variables to impact suicide, as well as classic Durkheimian variables, suicide rates in eight European countries from 1973–1997 were examined. Results indicate that Durkheim's theories of egoism and anomie, while not completely supported in statistical analysis of suicide rates, received moderate support. Results suggest the continued usefulness of Durkheim's work in aggregate analyses of suicide.

Books Reconsidered: Emile Durkheim, Le Suicide

To reappraise Emile Durkheim's taxonomy of suicide in Le Suicide in the light of recent experience. While Durkheim's scientific method and argument are fundamentally flawed, some of his concepts have instrumental value in attempting to understand the complex origins of suicidal behaviour. Durkheim's baseless dismissal of mental illness as a key determinant of suicidal behaviour weakens his thesis significantly. However, his conceptualization of anomic, egoistic and altruistic suicide provides a means of comprehending recent trends in suicidal behaviour in the former Soviet states and a possible window into the psyche of the suicides of religious and political extremists.