Annual Demographic Data Research Articles

Exploring learning development from the perspectives of black students

There has been little research into student perceptions of learning development tutorials despite learning development having existed in most institutions for over twenty years. Analysis from annual demographic data from tutorial attendance at the University of Northampton shows that over 25% of tutorials are attended by students identifying as Black. More Black women use the LD provision than Black males and even fewer Black males under the age of 20 use the service. This mirrors the findings of Coulson and Loddick (2020) who acknowledged, in research on learning development and student attainment, that students from a Black ethnic background, particularly females, were more likely to attend tutorials. However, there has been little research into the reasons for this. This presentation concluded the findings of an internally funded collaborative project to explore the perceptions of Black students and learning development. Due to the nature of investigating a sensitive topic, it was deemed essential that a project assistant was employed who has lived experience and identifies as Black. The project assistant predominantly conducts the research with Black students and gains their perspectives during focus groups or interviews. The project has been planned to ensure that the project assistant influences the research by offering autonomy to design the project and recruit participants. It is hoped that this project will offer a unique perspective to inform learning development practice and provision. By the time of the conference the project will have finished and we will be able to offer an insight into the findings.

Increasing Incidence and Prevalence of Acquired Hemolytic Anemias in Denmark, 1980-2016.

BackgroundAcquired hemolytic disorders—autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), cold agglutinin disease (CAD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), drug-induced hemolysis (DIHA), and acquired hemolysis not otherwise specified (AHNOS)—are considered rare. Despite their potentially major health implications, data regarding their incidence and prevalence are scarce.MethodsTo fill this gap we collected data regarding all patients with acquired hemolytic disorder diagnoses in 1977–2016 from the Danish National Patient Register. These data were linked with vital and migration status information from the Danish Civil Registration System. From these data combined with annual demographic data for the background population, we calculated age- and sex-specific incidence rates and prevalence proportions of acquired hemolytic disorders for specified time periods.ResultsOur analysis included 5868 patients with acquired hemolytic disorders (2715 with AIHA, 112 CAD, 397 DIHA, 116 PNH, and 2154 AHNOS). The incidence rates per 100 000 person-years in 1980–1993 and 2008–2016 were 0.81 and 1.77 for AIHA, 0.31 and 0.12 for DIHA, and 0.04 and 0.08 for PNH, respectively. The 2008–2016 CAD incidence rate was 0.18/100 000 person-years, CAD diagnosis code was not defined before 1994. All incidence rates increased with age. The prevalence proportion per 100 000 persons in 1980 and 2015 was 2.52 and 17.01 for AIHA, 0.80 and 1.50 for DIHA, and 0.18 and 1.04 for PNH. CAD prevalence in 2015 was 1.04/100 000 persons.ConclusionAcquired hemolytic anemia incidence rates and prevalence proportions with the exception of DIHA are markedly increasing.

Analysis of characteristics and causes of child road traffic death (CRTD) of China in 2013

Objective: To study the mortality, causes and characteristics of child road traffic death (CRTD) in China in 2013, in order to find new ways to improve CRTD prevention and control. Materials: The road traffic death data and population data of children under 18 years old in 2013 were mainly from: (1) Annual statistics report on road traffic accident of China in 2013, by Transportation Bureau, Ministry of Public Security. (2) Annual demographic data by China State Statistics Bureau. Results: CRTD were 3994 persons and the ratio of male and female was1.64:1 in 2013. The highest CRTD occurred in 15-17 years old group which was 30.0% of total, followed by 2-5 years old group (28.3%). Mortality per million population (MPMP) of total CRTD was 14.61 persons. The highest MPMP was 23.92 persons in 15-17 years old group. MPMP of male was 16.85 persons, and the highest group was 15-17 years old group with MPMP 33.30 persons. MPMP of female was 11.99 persons, and the highest group was 2-5 years old group with MPMP 16.54 persons. The highest ratio of male and female was in 15-17 years old group(2.47:1). However, female was much more than male in 0-1 years old group (0.76:1). Brain injury was the main cause of CRTD (78.1%), followed by chest and abdomen injury (8.8%). This paper has also deeply studied on the crash reasons, part of injury, time distribution and so on about CRTD in 2013. Conclusion: The CRTD of high school and preschool children were highlight in all groups, and it was very remarkable that CRTD of female was much more than that of male in 0-1 years old group. Brain injury is the main cause of death. Cause of accident and death, injury part, gender, transportation mode and time distribution all have different characteristics in different groups.

Recalculating Swedish pre-census demographic data: Was there acceleration in early modern population growth?

The world population growth increased in the eighteenth century, which caused real wages to decline in most countries. Eli Heckscher held the view that Swedish population growth was quite low in the seventeenth century, similar to the development in the rest of Europe, and that there was a substantial acceleration after 1720. Recent data for Sweden by Lennart Andersson Palm entail that population growth was stronger in the seventeenth century than in the eighteenth century. However, this is at variance with other types of economic data. For example, Swedish real wages increased during the seventeenth century and fell in the eighteenth century. This study attempts to resolve the anomaly and argues that Palm’s estimates of Swedish population and mortality rates are too low for the seventeenth century. It presents revised annual demographic data for Sweden for the pre-census period, back to 1630. The new data indicate that there was a small acceleration in early modern population growth, due to the decreased occurrence of mortality crises, but the acceleration was not as pronounced as in the rest of the world.

A demographic survey of unwanted horses in Ireland 2005-2010

BackgroundThe Irish Horse Industry expanded during the Celtic Tiger boom years, then contracted in the current economic recession. High value horses were traditionally controlled through sale at public auction, private sales and sales to dealers; these are now also being reduced by decreases in production (> 40%), and increases in retirement, re-homing, euthanasia and disposal through Category 2 plants and abattoirs. The absence or banning of horse abattoirs has been shown to have very significant welfare social and economic consequences in the USA. This study described the currently available data on the demographics of unwanted horses in Ireland from 2005 to 2010.ResultsThe majority of horses euthanised by practicing veterinarians are destroyed on medical grounds but the number euthanised at the request of welfare groups and the state, as well as welfare related calls and the number of horses involved in these calls and subsequent visits is increasing reflecting the increasing involvement of the veterinary profession in equine welfare. Welfare groups have limited resources and do not have a tradition of recording data, but they too have reported increasing calls, visits and numbers of horses per visit. Welfare groups provide significant service to equine welfare and the community. Local Authorities report similar trends. Over 300 horses were found dead or required immediate or subsequent euthanasia following welfare group and local authority visits in 2010, which is of national concern. The majority of local authority interfaces with unwanted horses are with urban (60%) rather than rural (40%) horses. Mortality figures are poor indicators of non-fatal neglect. More horses were admitted into the care of local authorities than welfare groups, reflecting significant state and taxpayer investment in the control of low value horses. Category 2 plants and abattoirs represent a significant state investment in licensing and control in the national interest. Abattoirs provide an increasingly important and essential service for the disposal of unwanted horses. Despite the increase in unwanted horses, Ireland is a minority contributor to the EU slaughter total.ConclusionsThere is a need for annual demographic data compilation and review of the numbers of unwanted horses and ponies within the horse industry to assist policy makers and legislators.

Can economic stress affect secondary sex ratio in Poland?

The ratio of male to female births described as the male proportion is expected to be about 1.06. The secondary sex ratio can be influenced by various stresses experienced by parents (e.g., parents' exposure to chemical and physical pollution, natural phenomena, wars and economic crises). The seminal study in this field speculated that fewer goods and services than needed or desired might sufficiently stress human populations to lower the secondary sex ratio. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic stress and the fluctuations of sex ratio at birth in Poland. The statistical analysis was based on annual demographic data obtained from year-books issued by the Central Statistical Office on the overall number of male and female live births in Poland in the years 1956-2005 as well as on the annual data of percentage change in total private consumption. In order to verify the hypothesis that the observed time-series of the secondary sex ratio in Poland declines with deterioration in economic conditions, we constructed mathematical models (ARIMA) of both analyzed phenomena following the statistical procedure proposed by Catalano and Bruckner [2005]. We found a statistically significant decline of SSR in Poland over the last 50 years. The decrease appeared to be stronger in villages than in towns. However, the consumption rate as related to the strength of economic stress had no effect on the fluctuation of the sex ratio at birth.

Long-Term Demographic Interactions in Precensus England

"Modern time series methods are applied to the analysis of annual demographic data for England, 1541-1800. Evidence is found of non-stationarity in the series and of co-integration among the series. Building on economic models of historical demography, optimal inferential procedures are implemented to estimate the structural parameters of long-term equilibria among the variables. Evidence is found for a small, but significant, Malthusian 'preventive check' as well as interactions between fertility, mortality and nuptiality that are consistent with the predictions often made in demographic studies. Tentative experiments to detect the influence of environmental factors fail to reveal any significant impact on the estimates obtained."