Risk Of Ankle Injury Research Articles

The Influence of Ankle Mobility and Foot Stability on Jumping Ability and Landing Mechanics: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Practicing physical activities or sports that involve frequent jumping and landing can strain the muscles and joints of the lower limbs, especially in those who do not have adequate physical preparation. The objective of this study was to (a) determine the correlation between ankle range of motion (ROM) and landing stability following jumps; (b) assess the association between the jump height in a counter-movement jump (CMJ) test and ankle ROM; and (c) examine the connection between stabilometry during specific jumps movements present in many sports and in ankle stabilization. Sixty-two healthy amateur volleyball players participated in the study (age: thirty-seven females and twenty-five males; age (years): 16.5 ± 4.25; height (cm): 166 ± 11.4; weight (Kg): 61.6 ± 13.7). Participants were recruited for the study in collaboration with student sports associations. The evaluations encompassed the measurement of ankle joint mobility for both lower limbs using an inertial sensor, a static baropodometric and stabilometric analysis using a pressure platform, and the CMJ test using the Microgate system. After the assessments, participants performed a "specific jump landing task". Significant correlations were found between foot range of motion (ROM) and counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance. Specifically, the ROM of the right foot had a strong correlation with the CMJ (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), while the left foot ROM showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). The specific jump task revealed substantial changes in stabilometry parameters, particularly during forward hops compared to lateral jumps. Dorsiflexion ROM significantly impacts jumping ability. Evaluating landing patterns and stabilometry during targeted activities can help optimize training, improve dynamic balance, and reduce ankle injury risk.

Health And Performance Promotion in Youth (HAPPY) hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial: comparison of two strategies to implement an injury prevention exercise programme in Danish youth handball

ObjectiveTo investigate if a combination of an online and onsite implementation strategy was superior to an online-only strategy in enhancing the use of an injury prevention exercise programme (IPEP) and...

Event Profile of Ankle Sprain Injury at Athletes in East Java Puslatda

Background: Ankle injuries are the most common injuries in sports and often cause chronic pain, swelling, and functional instability. Ankle injuries (sprains) are acute injuries that athletes often experience. This acute injury is caused by a pressure force, for example, when making a sudden turning motion. Sprains can affect the ankle's side and damage the outside (lateral) ligament; ankle injuries were reported at the Sports Clinic RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya . Aims: To understand the profile of ankle injuries suffered by East Java Puslatda athletes and investigate the risk factors for these injuries. Material and methods: The study was conducted using a retrospective approach with an analytic observational design in the form of a cross-sectional study because the researchers did not provide intervention to the research subjects and only made observations and secondary data profiling. Result: The data collection and analysis found that ankle injuries in East Java Puslatda athletes most often occur in the late adolescent age range (17-23 years), which is as high as 35.8%. Conclusions: There is no relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the risk of ankle injury for Puslatda East Java athletes.

Differences in Lower-Extremity Joint Coordination During Two Landing Phases of a Drop Jump Task.

The aim of the present study was to compare the differences in joint coordination patterns and variability in the lower extremity between the first and second landing phases of the drop jump. Eighteen resistance-trained men (age: 22.8 ± 1.8years) performed drop jumps from a height of 0.40m. An eight-camera motion capture system was utilized to record kinematic trajectories. Modified vector coding technique and circular statistics were used to determine the coordination pattern and variability of the following joint couples during the first and second landings: hip frontal-knee frontal (HfKf), hip sagittal-knee frontal (HsKf), hip sagittal-knee sagittal (HsKs), knee frontal-ankle frontal (KfAf), knee sagittal-ankle frontal (KsAf), and knee sagittal-ankle sagittal (KsAs). Statistical differences in the distribution frequencies of coupling angles and variability between the dominant and nondominant limbs across the two landing phases were compared using two-way repeated analysis of variance and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. During the second landing phase, the proportion of HsKs, KfAf, and KsAs showing in-phase coordination was reduced but the proportion of KfAf and KsAs showing proximal joint (knee) coordination was increased (p < .05). Significant differences in bilateral asymmetry were observed only for the HfKf and KfAf patients (p < .05). HsKs, KfAf, and KsAf varied considerably during the second landing phase (p < .05). Joint coordination patterns during the second landing phase of the drop jump differed considerably from those during the first landing phase, thereby increasing the risk of knee and ankle injuries.

Impact of specialized fatigue and backhand smash on the ankle biomechanics of female badminton players

During fatigued conditions, badminton players may experience adverse effects on their ankle joints during smash landings. In addition, the risk of ankle injury may vary with different landing strategies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sport-specific fatigue factors and two backhand smash actions on ankle biomechanical indices. Thirteen female badminton players (age: 21.2 ± 1.9 years; height: 167.1 ± 4.1 cm; weight: 57.3 ± 5.1 kg; BMI: 20.54 ± 1.57 kg/m2) participated in this study. An 8-camera Vicon motion capture system and three Kistler force platforms were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data before and after fatigue for backhand rear-court jump smash (BRJS) and backhand lateral jump smash (BLJS). A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to analyze the effects of these smash landing actions and fatigue factors on ankle biomechanical parameters. Fatigue significantly affected the ankle-joint plantarflexion and inversion angles at the initial contact (IC) phase (p < 0.05), with both angles increasing substantially post-fatigue. From a kinetic perspective, fatigue considerably influenced the peak plantarflexion and peak inversion moments at the ankle joint, which resulted in a decrease the former and an increase in the latter after fatigue. The two smash landing actions demonstrated different landing strategies, and significant main effects were observed on the ankle plantarflexion angle, inversion angle, peak dorsiflexion/plantarflexion moment, peak inversion/eversion moment, and peak internal rotation moment (p < 0.05). The BLJS landing had a much greater landing inversion angle, peak inversion moment, and peak internal rotation moment compared with BRJS landing. The interaction effects of fatigue and smash actions significantly affected the muscle force of the peroneus longus (PL), with a more pronounced decrease in the force of the PL muscle post-fatigue in the BLJS action(post-hoc < 0.05). This study demonstrated that fatigue and smash actions, specifically BRJS and BLJS, significantly affect ankle biomechanical parameters. After fatigue, both actions showed a notable increase in IC plantarflexion and inversion angles and peak inversion moments, which may elevate the risk of lateral ankle sprains. Compared with BRJS, BLJS poses a higher risk of lateral ankle sprains after fatigue.

Effect of increased shoe longitudinal bending stiffness on ankle and foot biomechanics in jump-cut movements of low and high degrees

Lateral ankle sprains are the most common injuries in indoor and court sports, with ankle inversion being a primary injury driver. Stabilising the ankle during multidirectional changes is crucial for injury prevention. Conversely, increased shoe stiffness has been hypothesised to influence the magnitude of ankle inversion and may raise the risk for ankle injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of shoe longitudinal bending stiffness on ankle biomechanics during indoor and court sport-specific cutting movements. Biomechanical data from 19 participants were collected using a motion capture system and force plate. A jump-cut protocol with two different cutting directions after landing was performed in indoor shoes with and without carbon plate inserts of varying stiffness. Ankle kinematics and kinetics were analysed with statistical parametric mapping and repeated measures analysis of variance. A significant increase in ankle inversion during the 180° cut and a reduction in forefoot inversion (foot torsion) for stiffer footwear conditions during both the 45° and 180° cut were observed. While dorsiflexion moments differed during the last 10% of ground contact, ankle inversion moments did not significantly diverge between shoe conditions. Furthermore, a noteworthy correlation between footwear longitudinal bending stiffness and torsional stiffness was identified. In conclusion, increased bending stiffness significantly affected ankle and foot kinematics. The ankle compensated for restricted mobility and higher demands during high-degree jump-cuts, while foot torsion played a more prominent role in low-degree cuts. The heightened ankle inversion during high-degree cuts may induce an elevated risk for lateral ankle sprains. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to comprehensively understand injury incidence and the role of shoe stiffness in injury prevention.

Effect of 6-week BFRT combined with IASTAM therapy on international standard dancers with chronic ankle instability.

In sports dance events, athletes often face the risk of ankle injury and instability, which may have a negative impact on their training and athletic performance, and even hinder their rehabilitation process and increase the likelihood of re-injury. This study aims to observe the effects of exercise intervention (low-load ankle muscle strength training with blood flow restriction training (BFRT) equipment and balance training with blood flow restriction training equipment) combined with instrumentation therapy (Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, IASTM) on ankle function, joint range of motion, and strength in sports dancers with chronic ankle instability (CAI). This study aims to provide an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation for athletes by comparing the effects of combination therapy approaches to traditional ankle strength and stability training. Forty-two subjects with ankle instability, restriction, or discomfort were selected as observation objects and randomly divided into three groups: the combined group (n = 14, blood flow restriction training combined with IASTM), the simple blood flow restriction training group (n = 15), and the conventional ankle strength and stability training group (n = 13). The intervention lasted for 6weeks, once a week. The three groups were assessed with the Cumberland ankle instability assessment, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) ankle function assessment score, and ankle range of motion measurement before intervention, after the first intervention, and after 6weeks of intervention. The ankle strength test was compared and analyzed only before and after intervention. There was no significant difference in the participant characteristics of the three intervention groups. In terms of Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores, within-group comparisons showed that the scores after the first intervention and at the 6-week mark were significantly higher than before the intervention (P < 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed that the combined intervention group had higher CAIT scores than the other two groups after the 6-week intervention. Regarding the FAAM functional scores, all three interventions significantly improved ankle joint function in patients with chronic ankle instability (P < 0.05), with the BFRT group showing significantly higher FAAM - Activities of Daily Living scale (FAAM-ADL) scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Both the combined and BFRT groups also had significantly higher FAAM-SPORT scores after the first intervention compared to the control (P < 0.05). In terms of ankle range of motion improvement, the combined intervention group showed a significant increase in ankle joint motion after the intervention (P < 0.05), particularly in the improvement of dorsiflexion ability (P < 0.05). As for ankle strength enhancement, all three intervention groups experienced an increase in ankle strength after the intervention (P < 0.05), with the combined intervention group showing a significant improvement in both dorsiflexion and inversion strength compared to the control group (P < 0.05). BFRT combined with IASTM, isolated BFRT, and conventional ankle strength and stability training significantly improve stability, functionality, and strength in CAI patients. The combined intervention demonstrates superior efficacy in improving ankle range of motion compared to isolated BFRT and conventional approaches.

Comparison of mechanical energy transfer during right-forward lunge between female amateur and professional badminton players

BackgroundRegarding their skill levels, badminton players present different movement patterns during front and right lunging. The main objective of this study was to compare the mechanical energy transfers attributable to right-forward lunges between amateur and professional badminton players to study variations in mechanical efficiency at various skill levels.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, twenty female badminton players were recruited (Professional group n = 10 and Amateur group n = 10). The kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities were recorded while performing right-forward lunges using Vicon motion capture and Kistler force plates. Mechanical energy expenditures (MEE) were extracted in eccentric transfer, concentric transfer, and no-transfer phases for the hip, knee, and ankle joints. At each joint, mechanical energy compensations (MEC) were also determined. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze data at a significance level of α = 0.05.ResultRegards to mechanical energy expenditures at the initial heel contact phase, the professional players demonstrated statistically significant more ankle no-transfer (p < 0.003), less knee concentric transfer (p < 0.026), more knee eccentric transfer (p < 0.001), and less hip no-transfer (p < 0.001). At the same time, the amateur athletes showed significantly more ankle eccentric transfer (p < 0.042) at maximal knee flexion angle time point. Analyzing mechanical energy compensation coefficients showed that the professional athletes had significantly less ankle concentric transfer (p < 0.001), more knee concentric transfer (p < 0.001), more knee eccentric transfer (p < 0.001), and more hip eccentric transfer (p < 0.001) at initial contact phase. While they found to have significantly more ankle eccentric transfer (p < 0.007), less knee concentric transfer (p < 0.001), less knee eccentric transfer (p < 0.001), more hip concentric transfer (p < 0.001), and more hip eccentric transfer (p < 0.001) at maximal knee flexion angle.Conclusionit is shown that the mechanical energy efficiency of the right-forward lunge is skill-related. It seems that altered lunge landing biomechanics may increase the risk of ankle and knee injuries and muscular damages in amateur athletes. It is recommended for amateur players to follow a injury prevention training program that promotes proper lunging technique.

Is an Exercise-Based Injury-Prevention Program Effective in Team Handball Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based injury-prevention programs in preventing sports injuries in team handball players. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL from inception until April 2023. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, contained a population of competitive team handball players, included an intervention designed specifically to prevent or reduce the risk of team handball injuries, and reported injury incidence rates specific to team handball players. Two researchers independently evaluated studies for inclusion and assessed their methodological quality. Study design, intervention details, participant characteristics, and the number of injuries in each group were extracted from each study by 2 independent researchers. The outcome of interest was the incidence rate of injury. Injury data were classified into 5 groups: shoulder injuries, lower extremity injuries, knee injuries, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and ankle injuries. Extracted data were analyzed using a random-effects model to compute the overall effect estimates of injury-prevention programs in reducing the risk of injuries. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated based on the number of injuries in each group. Meta-analyses were conducted independently for each injury classification. Results indicated that prevention programs reduced the risk of shoulder injuries (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.85; P = .004), lower extremity injuries (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.95; P = .03), knee injuries (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.78; P = .002), anterior cruciate ligament injuries (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.96; P = .03), and ankle injuries (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.81; P = .002) in team handball players. In team handball players, injury-prevention programs appear to effectively reduce the risk of shoulder, lower extremity, knee, ankle, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Association of clinically-measured and dynamic ankle dorsiflexion assessed by markerless motion capture during the drop-jump task on landing biomechanics and risk of ankle injury in military personnel undergoing 10 weeks of physical training.

Determine the influence of clinically-measured maximum dorsiflexion, dynamic peak dorsiflexion and percent of clinically-measured maximum dorsiflexion used during a drop-jump task on landing biomechanics and risk of ankle injury in military personnel. Prospective cohort study. 672 participants (122 women) enrolled. The weightbearing lunge test assessed clinically-measured maximum dorsiflexion averaged across limbs (degrees). Markerless motion capture and force plates collected lower extremity kinematic and kinetic data during a drop-jump task. Percent of clinically-measured maximum dorsiflexion used during landing was calculated as dynamic peak dorsiflexion divided by clinically-measured value, multiplied by 100 (%). De-identified injury data was derived from military physical therapists. Simple linear regression analysis determined the association between dorsiflexion measures and landing biomechanics. Simple binary logistic regression analyses identified predictors of ankle injuries. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Eighteen participants sustained a traumatic ankle injury from a landing. All measures of dorsiflexion were associated with movement patterns that countered the stiff-legged landing strategy with dynamic measures showing a higher predictive value. Protective factors against ankle injury included height (odds ratio: 0.818, p = 0.006) and weight (odds ratio: 0.824, p = 0.023) for women. Relative braking impulse was a risk factor for men (odds ratio: 1.890, p = 0.001). Greater clinically-measured and dynamic measures of dorsiflexion were associated with movement patterns that countered the stiff-legged landing strategy but neither measure of dorsiflexion predicted ankle injury risk. Resultant biomechanics and anthropometrics influenced ankle injury risk to warrant recognition for injury prevention initiatives.

Prone plank test base core muscle strength contribution to anticipate the risk of ankle injury for soccer player

Rationale and purpose Football is the most commonly injured sport, especially ankle injuries. The number of risk factors associated with ankle injuries include warming up, coach knowledge, the physical condition of athletes, and socioeconomic circumstances of athletes. Ankles require strong muscles, especially for soccer players. activities that are too frequent and heavy will potentially cause injury. At the age of adolescents where in growth can affect the risk of injury that can affect in the future. Core muscles play an essential role in body control. The core muscle is vital for stabilizing the lower limbs and ankle joints. Core muscles can be measured with a prone plank test. Sensorimotor ankle mechanism joints are influenced against the risk of an ankle injury. Discussion for core muscle as an intervention against ankle injuries has been a lot, but predictions to anticipate the risk of ankle injury are very low, especially in football players. This study aims to determine the contribution of muscle strength using the prone plank test to anticipate ankle risk in football players. Material and Methods The study respondents were 44 student football players aged between 13-15 years. This study used product-moment correlation analysis. Results The results showed that core muscle strength contributed to the risk of ankle injury by 31.82%. In addition, the product-moment correlation showed that core muscle strength contributed to the risk of ankle injuries (p≤0.05). This research can be a reference for clinicians and coaches to better understand and increase core muscle strength training in anticipation of the risk of an ankle injury. Conclusions This study showed that the relationship between core muscle strength and the prone plank test could predict the risk of an ankle injury. It seems that an exercise routine for core muscle strengthening should be recommended at primary age. These programs should be concentrated and circulated early on in any long-term athlete training model to prevent the risk of ankle injury in football school students. Clinicians and coaches should consider incorporating core muscle strengthening into a daily exercise warm-up program as one of the most important elements and recommend that players do exercises at home. The results showed that predictions of core muscle strength could anticipate the risk of an ankle injury

Poster 359: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Diagnoses Are Associated with Increased Risk of Lower Extremity Soft Tissue Injury and Orthopaedic Surgery Requirements

Objectives: An abundance of literature exists demonstrating the link between eating disorders and fracture risk. However, no studies to our knowledge have investigated the impact of an eating disorder diagnosis on risk for ligamentous injury or the need subsequent orthopedic surgery. The aim of this study was therefore to elucidate this link and determine if pre-existing eating disorder diagnoses are associated with increased incidence of lower extremity connective tissue-related orthopaedic injuries and surgeries. We hypothesized that eating disorders, specifically anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, lead to an increased risk of ligamentous injuries and need for surgery on injured ligaments. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -9 and -10 codes using the PearlDiver Mariner insurance claims data set. These patients were matched by age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, record dates, and geographical region to respective control groups without anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Instances of ligamentous injuries were identified through ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes within the time period of 2010-2020 available within the Mariner dataset. Instances of ligamentous orthopaedic surgery procedures in these patients were identified through Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Rates of ligamentous injury and orthopaedic surgery among experimental and control cohorts were analyzed using chi-squared analysis. Results: The anorexia nervosa cohort and its matched control group contained a total of 2,475 patients each. Patients with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were significantly more likely to sustain a meniscus tear (RR=1.57, p=0.001) or deltoid ligament sprain (RR=1.83, p=0.025), and to undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (RR=2.83, p=0.037). They were less likely to sustain a tibiofibular ligament sprain (RR=0.64, p=0.012). The bulimia nervosa cohort and its matched control group contained a total of 2,375 patients each. Patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa were significantly more likely to sustain a meniscus tear (RR=1.98, p &lt;0.001), medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprain (RR=3.07, p&lt;0.001), any cruciate ligament tear (RR=2.14, p=0.004), unspecified ankle sprain (RR=1.56, p&lt;0.001), and any ankle ligament sprain (RR=1.27, p=0.008), and to undergo partial meniscectomy (RR=1.80, p=0.002). Conclusions: Diagnosis of an eating disorder is associated with an increased risk of certain ankle and knee ligamentous injuries and surgeries. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the effects these disorders have on soft tissue injury and surgery rates. Furthermore, patients presenting to orthopaedic surgery clinics should be informed of increased risks associated with their eating disorder diagnoses and provided with information on resources promoting recovery to help prevent further injury.

Characterization of Ankle Injuries and Associated Risk Factors in the National Basketball Association: Minutes Per Game and Usage Rate Associated With Time Loss.

Ankle injuries are more common in the National Basketball Association (NBA) compared with other professional sports. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence and associated risk factors of ankle injuries in NBA athletes. It was hypothesized that factors associated with an increased physiologic burden, such as minutes per game (MPG), usage rate, and associated lower extremity injury, would be associated with increased ankle injury risk and time loss. Descriptive epidemiology study. Ankle injury data from the 2015-2016 through 2020-2021 NBA seasons were evaluated. The truncated 2019-2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic was omitted. The primary outcome was the incidence of ankle injuries, reported per 1000 game-exposures (GEs). Secondary analysis was performed to identify risk factors for ankle injuries through bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression of player demographic characteristics, performance statistics, injury characteristics, and previous lower extremity injuries. Factors influencing the time loss after injury were assessed via a negative binomial regression analysis. A total of 554 ankle injuries (4.06 injuries per 1000 GEs) were sustained by NBA players over 5 NBA seasons, with sprain/strain the most common injury type (3.71 injuries per 1000 GEs). The majority of ankle injury events (55%) resulted in 2 to 10 game absences. The likelihood of sustaining an ankle injury was significantly associated with a greater number of games played (P = .029) and previous injury to the hip, hamstring, or quadriceps (P = .004). Increased length of absence due to ankle injury was associated with greater height (P = .019), MPG (P < .001), usage rate (P = .025), points per game (P = .011), and a prior history of foot (P = .003), ankle (P < .001), and knee injuries (P < .001). The incidence of ankle injuries was 4.06 per 1000 GEs in professional basketball players. Games played and prior history of hip, hamstring, or quadriceps injuries were found to be risk factors for ankle injuries. Factors associated with physiologic burden such as MPG and usage rate were associated with an increased time loss after injury.

The Effect of BCAA Supplementation in Aiding Muscle Soreness to Prevent Lateral Ligament Ankle Injuries in Basketball

Ankle injuries are very common in basketball, with 45% of basketball players experiencing at least one sprain at any point in their career and 53.7% of missed playtime is caused by ankle injuries. These injuries can be caused by overworking muscles and causing them to reach maximum tension and soreness. When this happens, the surrounding ligaments and tendons are more susceptible to injury since the muscles that they hold together are weaker and don't function at full strength. The purpose of the study is to understand if athletes will benefit from taking supplements of Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA), to prevent ankle injuries from high a vertical mobility sport like basketball, which includes vertical jumps, layups and re-bounds. Using a combination data collected from control group vs placebo group we proved that BCAA reduces muscle soreness. This is proved by lower soreness scores, and lower values of Creatine kinase (CK) in the blood by the control group that took BCAA. We then proved there is a direct linkage between soreness and muscle fatigue by referring to a study conducted on lateral muscle of Rabbits, which show muscle fatigue, cause soreness and resulting in lower energy production and instability in function, leading to Injury. Based on the study, we comprehensively conclude that BCAA can help reduce risk of ankle injury by reducing muscle soreness and fatigue in basketball players, thereby promoting stable lateral and ankle dorsiflexor muscles.

Effect of Q-angle, lateral distal tibial angle and hip muscle torques on ankle injury.

The ankle sprain is the most common ankle injury. Although the factors that increase the risk of ankle injury are included in the literature, the definitive evidence is controversial. The aim of our study was to examine whether Q-angle, lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), and hip muscle torque are associated with ankle sprain. Thirty-six individuals who underwent an axial X-ray examination of the lower extremity following ankle sprain were included. The Q-angle and LDTA were measured on the axial knee X-rays on both sides. The isometric muscle strength was measured with a digital handheld dynamometer for the quadriceps femoris muscle, the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus maximus muscle. Muscle torques were calculated by multiplying isometric muscle strength values with the distance to the joint center. Discrimination analysis shows that the gluteus maximus (0.90), gluteus medius (0.49), quadriceps femoris muscle torques (0.34), and lateral distal tibial angle (0.43) were the factors that most contributed to ankle sprain. No significant relationship was found between the Q-angle and ankle sprain (p = 0.603). A strong relationship was found between LDTA, quadriceps femoris, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscle torques and ankle sprain (p = 0.014, p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, the torques of the proximal muscle may be more related than the Q-angle to lateral ankle sprain injury. Individuals with high LDTA should also be carefully examined for the risk of ankle sprain.

Effect of Different Landing Heights and Loads on Ankle Inversion Proprioception during Landing in Individuals with and without Chronic Ankle Instability.

Proprioception is essential for neuromuscular control in relation to sport injury and performance. The effect of landing heights and loads on ankle inversion proprioceptive performance in individuals with or without chronic ankle instability (CAI) may be important but are still unclear. Forty-three participants (21 CAI and 22 non-CAI) volunteered for this study. The Ankle Inversion Discrimination Apparatus for Landing (AIDAL), with one foot landing on a horizontal surface and the test foot landing on an angled surface (10°, 12°, 14°, 16°), was utilized to assess ankle proprioception during landing. All participants performed the task from a landing height of 10 cm and 20 cm with 100% and 110% body weight loading. The four testing conditions were randomized. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analysis. The result showed that individuals with CAI performed significantly worse across the four testing conditions (p = 0.018). In addition, an increased landing height (p = 0.010), not loading (p &gt; 0.05), significantly impaired ankle inversion discrimination sensitivity. In conclusion, compared to non-CAI, individuals with CAI showed significantly worse ankle inversion proprioceptive performance during landing. An increased landing height, not loading, resulted in decreased ankle proprioceptive sensitivity. These findings suggest that landing from a higher platform may increase the uncertainty of judging ankle positions in space, which may increase the risk of ankle injury.

Effect of Myofascial Release (MFR) on Tendo Achilles (TA) Flexibility in Nurses: A Review.

Increased muscle stiffness can result in a reduced range of motion (ROM) and impaired function. An increased ankle injury risk has been associated with reduced ankle dorsiflexion ROM. Although self-myofascial release (SMFR) is commonly used in clinical and sporting settings, little is known about its impact on gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness. As a result, we investigated how SMFR using a foam roller (FR) affects gastrocnemius-AT complex stiffness and ankle dorsiflexion ROM. According to these results, self-myofascial relaxation of the gastrocnemius and an improvement in ankle dorsiflexion ROM can be accomplished by rolling an FR along the calf. Myofascial release (MFR) is a type of manual therapy that involves stretching the myofascial complex with a light load and for a long duration in order to restore optimal length, relieve pain, and improve function.Viscoelastic deformation is the rapid increase in muscle length following stretching.

Effects of the "FIFA11+ Kids" Program on Injury Prevention in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

FIFA11+ Kids is a warm-up program specially designed to prevent football injuries in children. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of FIFA11+ Kids on injury prevention in young football players. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from 1 January 2016 to 24 August 2022. The primary outcome was overall injuries, and the secondary outcomes were severe, ankle, knee, and lower extremity injuries. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for each outcome. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 230 articles were screened, 6 of which were finally included in the meta-analysis. Compared with normal warm-up training, FIFA11+ Kids significantly reduced overall injury risk (RR = 0.52 [95% CI, 0.44–0.62]; p < 0.00001), severe injury risk (RR = 0.33 [95% CI, 0.18–0.61]; p = 0.0004), lower extremity injury risk (RR = 0.51 [95% CI, 0.41–0.65]; p < 0.00001), knee injury risk (RR = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29–0.72]; p = 0.0009), and ankle injury risk (RR = 0.56 [95% CI, 0.35–0.89]; p = 0.01) in young football players. FIFA11+ Kids was found to be an effective approach to decrease the injury risk among young football players, which is worth generalizing extensively.

The hamstrings are more impacted than the quadriceps after severe ankle sprain.

Ankle sprains (AS) are common in the military population, with a prevalence 5 to 8 times higher than that for civilians. The aim of this study was to evaluate in patients with severe AS the impact of disuse on thigh muscle induced by unloading and immobilization due to care. This study focused on muscle trophicity and dynamometric strength. In this observational prospective study, assessments were repeated at 3 visits: close to injury, 15 and 30 days following the sprain. The injured limb was compared to the contralateral limb. A dynamometer assessment was used to monitor changes in strength and fatigue of the thigh muscles of both limbs. Isometric and isokinetic concentric evaluation of peak torque (PTiso and PTdyn), total work (Wt), and peak torque time integral (IPT) of thigh muscles. Full follow-up was obtained in 30 subjects. The injured limbs showed significant deficits in the mean (SD). The quadriceps PTiso and IPT deficits were −12.6% ± 1.9% (P < .0001) and −13.27% ± 1.8% (P < .0001), respectively. The quadriceps PTdyn showed a significant deficit since V2 (−12.2.5% ± 2.0). The quadriceps Wt presented a significant deficit of −4.2% ± 2.4 (P < .0007) at 1 month. The hamstring PTdyn deficit presented a mean loss of −16.5% ± 2.4% (P < .0001). The hamstring Wt deficit was −13.7% ± 2.3% (P < .001). The analysis of variance showed that the grade of the sprain had a significant effect on the quadriceps PTq deficit (P < .016) but not the type of discharge. Our study showed that disuse leads to a significant deficit in the strength of knee muscles within 1 month. It is noteworthy that the hamstrings are more affected than the quadriceps. The rehabilitation protocol to prevent the risk of iterative ankle injuries and secondary knee injuries should incorporate early training of both quadriceps and hamstrings.

Analysis of Ankle Strength and Its Correlation with Jump Performance

Context: Improved ankle joint muscular strength decreases the risk of ankle injury; thus, ankle joint muscular strength plays an important role in the prevention of ankle injuries. Aims: To assess the relationship between the peak muscle strength of plantar flexors and dorsiflexors and power of single leg hop jump. Settings and Design: The study design was a cross-sectional observational study. Athletes of university, state, and national levels aged 18–25 years were recruited from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab for this study with mean ± standard deviation of age (20.08 ± 1.94 years), body weight (63.43 ± 10.23 kg), and height (170.67 ± 9.25 cm). Methods and Materials: Isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical System Inc., Shirley, NY, USA) was used to determine ankle concentric isokinetic strength. The isokinetic strength of plantarflexors and dorsiflexors at speeds of 30° and 120°/s was measured for both legs and afterward single-leg hop jump performance was measured on the Kinematic Measurement System. Statistical analysis used: Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and jump performance. Results: The results showed a high correlation (0.6&lt; | r |&lt;0.8) between the strength of plantarflexors and power of single-leg hop jump and a moderate correlation (0.4&lt; | r |&lt;0.6) between the strength of dorsiflexors and power of single-leg hop jump. Conclusions: The measurement of peak plantarflexors muscle strength and peak dorsiflexors muscle strength is useful in clinical practice to improve jump performance in athletes training for sports such as volleyball and basketball.