Anisotropic Substrates Research Articles

A flexible resistive strain gauge with reduced temperature effect via thermal expansion anisotropic composite substrate

Strain gauge plays vital roles in various fields as structural health monitoring, aerospace engineering, and civil infrastructure. However, traditional flexible strain gauge inevitably brings the pseudo-signal caused by the substrate temperature effect and determines its accuracy. Here, we present an anisotropic composite substrate designed to modify the thermal expansion performance via Micro-electro-mechanical System (MEMS) technology, which facilitates the development of strain gauges that are minimally affected by substrate temperature-induced effect. Compared to the isotropic flexible substrate, the simulated expansion displacement in the thermal insensitive direction is reduced by 53.6% via introducing an anisotropic thermal expansion structure. The developed strain gauge exhibits significantly reduced sensitivity to temperature-induced effect, with a temperature coefficient of resistance decreasing from 87.3% to 10%, along with a notable 47.1% improvement in TCR stability. In addition, the strain gauge displays a sensitivity of 1.99 and boasts a wide strain operational range of 0–6000 µε, while maintaining excellent linearity. Furthermore, stress response conducted on a model of an aircraft wing illustrates the rapid monitoring of the strain gauge, which can detect strain as low as 100 µε. This study strongly highlights the potential applicability of the developed strain gauge in the aircraft, ships, and bridges for monitoring stress.

Pressure drop measurements over anisotropic porous substrates in channel flow

Previous theoretical and simulation results indicate that anisotropic porous materials have the potential to reduce turbulent skin friction in wall-bounded flows. This study experimentally investigates the influence of anisotropy on the drag response of porous substrates. A family of anisotropic periodic lattices was manufactured using 3D printing. Rod spacing in different directions was varied systematically to achieve different ratios of streamwise, wall-normal, and spanwise bulk permeabilities (κxx\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa _{xx}$$\\end{document}, κyy\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa _{yy}$$\\end{document}, and κzz\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa _{zz}$$\\end{document}). The 3D printed materials were flush-mounted in a benchtop water channel. Pressure drop measurements were taken in the fully developed region of the flow to systematically characterize drag for materials with anisotropy ratios κxxκyy∈[0.035,28.6]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\frac{\\kappa _{xx}}{\\kappa _{yy}} \\in [0.035,28.6]$$\\end{document}. Results show that all materials lead to an increase in drag compared to the reference smooth wall case over the range of bulk Reynolds numbers tested (Reb∈[500,4000]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hbox {Re}_b \\in [500,4000]$$\\end{document}). However, the relative increase in drag is lower for streamwise-preferential materials. We estimate that the wall-normal permeability for all tested cases exceeded the threshold identified in previous literature (κyy+>0.4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{\\kappa _{yy}}^+> 0.4$$\\end{document}) for the emergence of energetic spanwise rollers similar to Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices, which can increase drag. The results also indicate that porous walls exhibit a departure from laminar behavior at different values for bulk Reynolds numbers depending on the geometry.Graphical abstract

Theoretical investigation of HTS compact microstrip antennas printed on anisotropic substrates using hybrid cavity model

This work explores the effects of a compact, superconducting C-shaped patch printed on uniaxial anisotropic substrate, utilizing two uniaxial substrate materials: boron nitride and magnesium fluoride. This study employed the superconducting material BSCCO (2212 BSCCO crystal), with a critical temperature of 95 K. Using the hybrid cavity model, we identified and extracted two key parameters: the resonance frequency of conductive elements and the superconducting resonance frequency. We analyzed the impact of the operating temperature on the resonant frequency of a C-shaped superconductivity microstrip antenna, as well as the effect of the uniaxial substrate material and its thickness on the surface resistance and surface reactance. The results showed that temperature significantly affects the resonant frequency of the compact antenna. Our research highlighted the importance of selecting the correct operating temperature for a superconducting microstrip antenna to ensure optimal performance in compact microstrip antenna designs.

A generalized equivalent circuit model for composite metamaterial absorbers: From isotropic to anisotropic substrate

Recently, metamaterial absorbers (MAs) with a multi-layered anisotropic substrate have received significant attention due to their huge potential for application in major engineering fields like aircraft stealthing, electromagnetic sensing, and materials processing, etc. However, the working mechanism of this type of structural materials has not been well-understood yet, as the classical equivalent circuit model was only proposed to describe the conventional overall isotropic metal-substrate MAs. In this paper, for the first time, a generalized equivalent circuit model that considering the anisotropy of the multi-layered substrate is constructed, based on new findings about the unique distribution of the induced current inside the MA with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite substrate – a typical multi-layered anisotropic laminate. The effectiveness of the generalized analytical model is validated by predicting the structure-performance relationship of the CFRP-substrate MA, which is in excellent agreement with numerical simulation results based on Maxwell's equations. Experimental cases have also been conducted to demonstrate the strong power of this model in inverse design of several tunable MAs. Through the above research, the scope of the equivalent circuit modelling has been greatly broadened, which can help to design a series of MAs with more extreme performance in future.

An Optimal Design Method for Lightweight Heating Film of Anisotropic Heat Conduction Substrate Based on Surrogate Model.

In space missions, heating films are crucial for uniformly heating onboard equipment for precise temperature control. This study develops an optimization method using surrogate models for lightweight anisotropic substrate thermal conductive heating films, meeting the requirements of uniform heating in thermal control for space applications. A feedforward neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) was employed to create a surrogate model, mapping design parameters to the temperature uniformity of the heating film. This model served as the basis for applying the NSGA-II algorithm to quickly optimize both temperature uniformity and lightweight characteristics. In this study, the PSO-BP surrogate model was trained using heating film thermal simulation data, and the surrogate model demonstrated an accurate prediction of the mean square error (MSE) of the predicted temperature difference within 0.0168 s. The maximum temperature difference in the optimal model is 1.188 ℃, which is 30.5 times lower than before optimization, and the equivalent density is only increased by 3.9%. In summary, this optimization design method effectively captures the relationships among various parameters and optimization objectives. Its superior computational accuracy and design efficiency offer significant advantages in the design of devices such as heating films.

Mechanically anisotropic stretchable and transparent composite substrates for distortion-free display

Developing new-form factor devices has led to the creation of foldable and rollable displays. However, next-step stretchable devices with shape changes face a new issue different from conventional displays. When the screen is stretched, screen distortion occurs due to the nature of contraction perpendicular to the stretching direction to preserve the volume. To address this issue, we focused on the composite approach with mechanical anisotropy using continuously aligned fiber fillers. In this study, we fabricated transparent mechanically anisotropic stretchable substrates with near-zero Poisson's ratio by incorporating continuous and aligned transparent ribbon arrays within a transparent, stretchable matrix. The aligned ribbon-reinforced composite substrates have mechanical anisotropy by mainly reinforcing stiffness only in the ribbon-aligned direction. When unidirectional stretchable devices in the direction perpendicular to the alignment are developed, the stiffness of the substrate contracting in the ribbon alignment direction is relatively high compared to the vertical direction, and thus the vertical displacement is diminishing, so substrates with Poisson's ratio close to 0 can be realized. Based on this approach, we realized a light-emitting device (LED) array system with near-zero vertical distortion by attaching LED arrays and printed intrinsically stretchable interconnections on our mechanically anisotropic composite substrate.

Tunable in-plane anisotropy of quasiparticles in twisted MoS2/CrOCl heterostructures

Twisted isotropic-anisotropic van der Waals heterostructures provide a platform for controlling the electronic and phononic properties of 2D materials and inducing in-plane anisotropy in some isotropic materials. Herein, angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the induced in-plane anisotropy of the quasiparticles in the twisted MoS2/CrOCl heterostructures. Both the phonons (Eg2 MoS2 and Ag1 MoS2 modes) and excitons (A and B excitons) in MoS2 represent a strong in-plane orientation dependence, and the maximum intensities are along the [100]CrOCl. The induced anisotropy ratios of phonons vary continuously in the range from 1.22 to 1.13 for the Eg2 MoS2 mode and 1.15 to 1.09 for the Ag1 MoS2 mode with changing twisted angles, which originate from the anisotropic carrier mobility induced by the localized charge distribution from the anisotropic CrOCl substrates, and are further tuned by the uniaxial local limit of charge carriers caused by 1D moiré pattern. Our findings provide a way to controllably regulate the induced in-plane optical anisotropy in heterostructures.

Quantum trapping and rotational self-alignment in triangular Casimir microcavities.

Casimir torque, a rotational motion driven by zero-point energy minimization, is a problem that attracts notable research interest. Recently, it has been realized using liquid crystal phases and natural anisotropic substrates. However, for natural materials, substantial torque occurs only at van der Waals distances of ~10 nm. Here, we use Casimir self-assembly with triangular gold nanostructures for rotational self-alignment at truly Casimir distances (100 to 200 nm separation). The interplay of repulsive electrostatic and attractive Casimir potentials forms a stable quantum trap, giving rise to a tunable Fabry-Pérot microcavity. This cavity self-aligns both laterally and rotationally to maximize area overlap between templated and floating flakes. The rotational self-alignment is sensitive to the equilibrium distance between the two triangles and their area, offering possibilities for active control via electrostatic screening manipulation. Our self-assembled Casimir microcavities present a versatile and tunable platform for nanophotonic, polaritonic, and optomechanical applications.

Topologically Engineered Strain Redistribution in Elastomeric Substrates for Dually Tunable Anisotropic Plasmomechanical Responses.

The prompt visual response is considered to be a highly intuitive tenet among sensors. Therefore, plasmomechanical strain sensors, which exhibit dynamic structural color changes, have recently been developed by using mechanical stimulus-based elastomeric substrates for wearable sensors. However, the reported plasmomechanical strain sensors either lack directional sensitivity or require complex signal processing and device design strategies to ensure anisotropic optical responses. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on utilizing anisotropic mechanical substrates to obtain directional optical responses. Herein, we propose an anisotropic plasmomechanical sensor to distinguish between the applied force direction and the force magnitude. We employ a simple strain-engineered topological elastomer to mechanically transform closely packed metallic nanoparticles (NPs) into anisotropic directional rearrangements depending on the applied force direction. The proposed structure consists of a heterogeneous-modulus elastomer that exhibits a highly direction-dependent Poisson effect owing to the periodically line-patterned local strain redistribution occurring due to the same magnitude of applied external force. Consequently, the reorientation of the self-assembled gold (Au)-NP array manifests dual anisotropy, i.e., force- and polarization-direction-dependent plasmonic coupling. The cost-effectiveness and simple design of our proposed heterogeneous-modulus platform pave the way for numerous optical applications based on dynamic transformation and topological inhomogeneities.

Mechanical strategies to promote vascularization for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Vascularization is a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mechanical factors have been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and can affect the architecture of the generated vascular network. Through the regulation of mechanical factors in engineered tissues, various mechanical strategies can be used to optimize the preformed vascular network and promote its rapid integration with host vessels. Optimization of the mechanical properties of scaffolds, including controlling scaffold stiffness, increasing surface roughness and anisotropic structure, and designing interconnected, hierarchical pore structures, is beneficial for the in vitro formation of vascular networks and the ingrowth of host blood vessels. The incorporation of hollow channels into scaffolds promotes the formation of patterned vascular networks. Dynamic stretching and perfusion can facilitate the formation and maturation of preformed vascular networks in vitro. Several indirect mechanical strategies provide sustained mechanical stimulation to engineered tissues in vivo, which further promotes the vascularization of implants within the body. Additionally, stiffness gradients, anisotropic substrates and hollow channels in scaffolds, as well as external cyclic stretch, boundary constraints and dynamic flow culture, can effectively regulate the alignment of vascular networks, thereby promoting better integration of prevascularized engineered tissues with host blood vessels. This review summarizes the influence and contribution of both scaffold-based and external stimulus-based mechanical strategies for vascularization in tissue engineering and elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved.

Screening significant properties of macro-fiber composite laminate substrate anisotropy with viscoelastic and thermal considerations at the quasi-static level

A macro-fiber composite (MFC) is a class of smart material actuator that employs piezoceramic fibers to extend or contract under an applied electric field. When embedded on a thin substrate, actuated MFCs induce surface pressure, resulting in out-of-plane motion. Design characteristics of the substrate, such as anisotropy, give rise to unique bend/twist behavior. Previous studies on MFC applications have focused on optimizing patch location in relation to the local design to achieve optimal bend/twist motion. However, the resolution to these approaches is restricted to the design space of the application, presenting an absence in piezoelectric laminate design intuition. This research aims to streamline the initial optimization process by analyzing the significant material properties associated with substrate design. To accomplish this, a viscoelastic piezoelectric plate theory model is developed to accurately capture the displacement behavior of the MFC laminate for any given substrate design. Experimental data is used to validate and refine the model, ensuring it closely represents real-world physics. A 2k fractional factorial design of experiments approach is used to identify significant substrate properties per MFC laminate configuration, assigning each material property a two-level coding system. Three configurations are observed, with each exhibiting distinct significant properties and effects compared to others. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of thermal factors on substrate behavior for these MFC laminates, highlighting how significant properties can be temperature dependent. The contributions to the kinematic response due to substrate property perturbation varies uniquely per material property and MFC laminate configuration. Statistical evidence supports the notion that the hysteretic behavior of a material is unaffected by thermal influences and is solely determined by the elastic constants of the substrate. The maximum remanent hysteretic response is shown to be proportional to the maximum actuation response at near room temperature.

Self-organizing behaviors of cardiovascular cells on synthetic nanofiber scaffolds.

In tissues and organs, the extracellular matrix (ECM) helps maintain inter- and intracellular architectures that sustain the structure-function relationships defining physiological homeostasis. Combining fiber scaffolds and cells to form engineered tissues is a means of replicating these relationships. Engineered tissues' fiber scaffolds are designed to mimic the topology and chemical composition of the ECM network. Here, we asked how cells found in the heart compare in their propensity to align their cytoskeleton and self-organize in response to topological cues in fibrous scaffolds. We studied cardiomyocytes, valvular interstitial cells, and vascular endothelial cells as they adapted their inter- and intracellular architectures to the extracellular space. We used focused rotary jet spinning to manufacture aligned fibrous scaffolds to mimic the length scale and three-dimensional (3D) nature of the native ECM in the muscular, valvular, and vascular tissues of the heart. The representative cardiovascular cell types were seeded onto fiber scaffolds and infiltrated the fibrous network. We measured different cell types' propensity for cytoskeletal alignment in response to fiber scaffolds with differing levels of anisotropy. The results indicated that valvular interstitial cells on moderately anisotropic substrates have a higher propensity for cytoskeletal alignment than cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. However, all cell types displayed similar levels of alignment on more extreme (isotropic and highly anisotropic) fiber scaffold organizations. These data suggest that in the hierarchy of signals that dictate the spatiotemporal organization of a tissue, geometric cues within the ECM and cellular networks may homogenize behaviors across cell populations and demographics.

Surface wrinkling of a film on an anisotropic substrate

This paper presents analytical solution for wrinkling of thin film bonded to anisotropic substrate by complex function method and linear perturbation analysis, which is verified by FEM. Effect of material parameters along principal axes on critical strain is illustrated. Furthermore, due to effective modulus determined by Voigt assumption, a fiber-reinforced substrate is considered, and results indicate that both Young’s modulus perpendicular to wrinkling direction and in-plane shear modulus have significant influence on wrinkling onset point. The most effective fiber layout in resisting wrinkling is at about 45°inclined to wrinkling direction and arranging at the upper area of the substrate.

A Lay-up-Oriented CFRP-Substrate Metamaterial Absorber with High Insensitivity to Polarization

Metamaterial absorbers with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates, which are called meta-CFRPs, have recently gained recognition for their excellent mechanical and electromagnetic performance. Different from traditional metamaterial absorbers with an isotropic substrate, meta-CFRPs with a highly anisotropic CFRP substrate are facing challenges in acquiring polarization-insensitive absorption. Here, a lay-up-oriented structure design method is proposed to solve this problem. Considering the lay-up configuration of CFRP laminates, metallic patterns are designed under corresponding polarization angles and then united together to form an integral structure. A meta-CFRP with a typical CFRP lay-up configuration([0°/45°/90°/−45°]3s ) is designed and tested. The experimental results exhibit over 99% microwave absorptivity at 2.44 GHz for all polarization angles. The maximum shift among the resonance peaks of the curves at all polarization angles is only 0.021 GHz. Further studies show that when there are cross-ply laminates in the first few layers of the CFRP substrate, the lay-up-oriented design method can be effectively simplified by ignoring the subsequent lay-up orientations after the first cross-ply layers. Our method can not only provide an effective way for acquiring polarization-insensitive microwave response on meta-CFRPs but also be expected to be promoted to metamaterial absorbers with other anisotropic materials.

Molecular-scale substrate anisotropy, crowding and division drive collective behaviours in cell monolayers.

The ability of cells to reorganize in response to external stimuli is important in areas ranging from morphogenesis to tissue engineering. While nematic order is common in biological tissues, it typically only extends to small regions of cells interacting via steric repulsion. On isotropic substrates, elongated cells can co-align due to steric effects, forming ordered but randomly oriented finite-size domains. However, we have discovered that flat substrates with nematic order can induce global nematic alignment of dense, spindle-like cells, thereby influencing cell organization and collective motion and driving alignment on the scale of the entire tissue. Remarkably, single cells are not sensitive to the substrate's anisotropy. Rather, the emergence of global nematic order is a collective phenomenon that requires both steric effects and molecular-scale anisotropy of the substrate. To quantify the rich set of behaviours afforded by this system, we analyse velocity, positional and orientational correlations for several thousand cells over days. The establishment of global order is facilitated by enhanced cell division along the substrate's nematic axis, and associated extensile stresses that restructure the cells' actomyosin networks. Our work provides a new understanding of the dynamics of cellular remodelling and organization among weakly interacting cells.

Applicability of the Effective Index Method for the Simulation of X-Cut LiNbO3 Waveguides

Photonic integrated circuits (PIC) find applications in the fields of microwaves, telecoms and sensing. Generally, PICs are fabricated on a base of isotropic materials such as SOI, Si3N4, etc. However, for some applications, anisotropic substrates such as LiNbO3 are used. A thin film of LiNbO3 on an insulator (LNOI) is a promising material platform for complex high-speed PICs. The design and simulation of PICs on anisotropic materials should be performed using rigorous numerical methods based on Maxwell’s equations. These methods are characterized by long calculation times for one simulation iteration. Since a large number of simulation iterations are performed during the PIC design, simulation methods based on approximations should be used. The effective index method (EIM) is an approximation-based method and is widely applied for simulations of isotropic waveguides. In this study, the applicability of EIM for simulations of anisotropic waveguides is analyzed. The results obtained by EIM are compared with the calculation results of a rigorous finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method for evaluation of the EIM’s applicability limits. In addition, radiation losses in waveguides with rough sidewalls are estimated using the Payne–Lacey model and EIM. The results demonstrate the applicability of EIM for the simulation of anisotropic LNOI-based waveguides with cross-section parameters specified in this paper.

Tunable intrinsic chirality obtained by combining the extrinsic chiral structure on an anisotropic substrate

In this work, we designed a composite intrinsic chiral structure through introducing an anisotropic environment around the extrinsic chiral structure. The designed structure is made up of an extrinsic chiral nanocrescent based on an anisotropic substrate. The simulation results of the extinction show that intrinsic chirality can be obtained and tuned by changing the angle between the optical axis of the anisotropic substrate and the mirror axis of the nanocrescent ([Formula: see text]). The maximum value of circular dichroism (CD) is up to about 0.035. Additionally, according to the charge distributions, the obtainment of our intrinsic chirality is originated from a new symmetry breaking introduced by the anisotropic substrate to the extrinsic chiral structure. This study could provide a new perspective for understanding chirality generation and could promote the application of chirality in imaging, sensing, etc.

Distinct Contact Guidance Mechanisms in Single Endothelial Cells and in Monolayers

AbstractIn many tissues, cell shape and orientation are controlled by a combination of internal and external biophysical cues. Anisotropic substrate topography is a ubiquitous cue that leads to cellular elongation and alignment, a process termed contact guidance whose underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Additionally, whether contact guidance responses are similar in single cells and in cellular monolayers is unknown. Here, these questions in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that in vivo form a monolayer that lines blood vessels are addressed. Culturing single ECs on microgrooved substrates that constitute an idealized mimic of anisotropic basement membrane (BM) topography elicits a strong, groove depth‐dependent contact guidance response. This response is principally driven by persistence bias of cell protrusions in the direction of the grooves and is surprisingly insensitive to actin stress fiber disruption. Interestingly, the contact guidance response is greatly attenuated in confluent monolayers, and cell shape and alignment in that case are driven by the organization of the BM secreted by the cells, which leads to a loss of cellular interaction with the microgrooves. The present finding of distinct contact guidance mechanisms in single ECs and in EC monolayers promises to inform strategies aimed at designing topographically patterned endovascular devices.

Magnetical Manipulation of Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in Twisted Double-Layers of Molybdenum Trioxide.

Controlling the twist angle between double stacked van der Waals (vdW) crystals holds great promise for nanoscale light compression and manipulation in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. A lithography-free geometry has been proposed to mediate the coupling of phonon polaritons (PhPs) in double-layers of vdW α-MoO3. The anisotropic hyperbolic phonon polaritons (AHPhPs) are further hybridized by the anisotropic substrate environment of magneto-optic indium arsenide (InAs). The AHPhPs can be tuned by twisting the angle between the optical axes of the two separated layers and realize a topological transition from open to closed dispersion contours. Moreover, in the presence of external magnetic field, an alteration of the hybridization of PhPs will be met, which enable an efficient way for the control of light-matter interaction at nanoscale in the MIR region.

Non-volatile electric field-mediated magnetic anisotropy in CoZr/ PMN-PT structure

Introduction: Although electric field mediated the magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structure have an intense report, the angle between the magnetic uniaxial anisotropy and strain anisotropy influencing the rearrangement of the magnetic moment has not well investigated.Methods: Keithley 2410 direct current power supply was used to provide voltage through the Cu wires. Static magnetic properties of CoZr layer were measured through VSM (MicroSense EV9). Dynamic magnetic properties were obtained by FMR (JEOL JES-FA 300 spectrometer, power of 1-mW, X-band at 8.969 GHz).Results and Discussion: Electric field-mediated, room-temperature magnetic anisotropy of CoZr/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) structures, in which easy axis of CoZr layer along either direction of [01-1] or [100] of PMN–PT, was investigated. Measured with vibrating sample magnetometer, for [01-1] easy-axis direction sample, when an electric field was applied, these directions of easy axis and hard axis remains unchanged. However, for [100] easy-axis direction sample, these directions of easy axis and hard axis were changed obviously with applying electric field, attributable to the competition between magnetic uniaxial anisotropy of CoZr layer and piezostrain anisotropy of PMN-PT substrate. Nevertheless, change of the resonance magnetic field with electric field–measured by ferromagnetic resonance–exhibited non-volatile behavior, which possibly indicates magnon-driven magnetoelectric coupling existing in CoZr/PMN–PT structures.