Animal Nutrition Science Research Articles

Improved dairy production through enzyme supplementation

The rumen ecosystem has the ability to transform low grade nutrients to high quality products owing to the numerous micro-flora colonies it harbours which produce different types of degrading enzymes. It has been assumed that normal rumen flora is able to digest only a small portion of the cellulosic biomass enteric rumen. This provides numerous opportunities for improving digestion via enhancing digestibility through degradation pathways in rumen. The modern animal nutrition science has utilized this knowledge to commercially harness enzymes for improving nutrient availability for production enhancement. Broadly categorized as fibrolytic, proteolytic and amylolytic, these enzymes act synergistically with the naturally available enzymes in rumen. Enzyme supplementations improve the digestibility of fibre and increase nutrient absorption and energy availability for production activities across physiological status of the animal. This review summaries response of large lactating ruminants to the external enzyme (in vivo) supplementation in terms of actual milk production, milk composition, body weights, dry matter intake and digestibility of nutrients, as well as to assess the economic benefit in terms of additional expenses incurred and benefit derived with increase in milk production.

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SECARA KIMIAWI (AMONIASI) DAN BIOLOGI (KAPANG) PADA KULIT KOPI TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN KECERNAAN BAHAN ORGANIK (IN VITRO)

The purpose of this research was 1) to compare the effect of chemical (ammoniation) and biological (mold) treatment on coffee husk to dry matter and organic matter digestibility in vitro; 2) knowing the best parameters of the quality on coffee husk processed biologically and chemically on the dry matter and organic matter digestibility in vitro. The research was conducted on 31th of December 2018 until 01st of March 2019 at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Lampung; Microbiology Laboratory of FMIPA Lampung University and Dairy Animal Nutrition Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments given in this study were coffee husk without treatment (P1), coffee husk with 4% urea (P2), coffee husk with 1.5% ammonium sulfate (P3), coffee husk with Aspergillus niger 5 gram (P4). The results showed that ammoniation and fermentation treatment significantly effect (P<0,01) for dry matter digestibility and digestibility of organic matter. The best treatment of coffee husk on dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility is by adding 4% urea.
 Keywords: Coffee husk, Ammoniation, Fermentation, Dry matter digestibility, Organic matter digestibility.

IN VITRO TREATMENT OF Centrosema pubescens (Benth.) WITH SULFUR WATER AND SHEEP MANURE

This study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro Centrosema pubescens response treated with sulfur water and sheep manure. The experiment was conducted at Agrostology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Randomized group design of 2 x 5 factorial patterns with three repetitions based on the rumen liquid collecting time was used in this research. There were two factors in this experiment; sheep manure and sulfur water. The first factors consisted of 0 ton/ha manure (A1) and 25 ton/ha manure (A2). The second factor was sulfur water that divided into 5 levels; 0% (B1), 25% (B2), 50% (B3), 75% (B4) and 100% (B5). Variables measured in this research were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), ammonia (NH3) and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). In vitro nutritional evaluation performed with all variables showed both factors (sulfur water and sheep manure) had significant differences (p < 0.001) and had no significant effect (p < 0.05) on each variable. Interaction of both factors was very significant (p < 0.01) ontotal VFA and DMD. From this study it can be concluded that production of NH3, VFA, total DMD and OMD showed an optimal result if treated with 25 ton/ha of sheep manure and 50% sulfur water (39.25 ppm).
 Keywords: Centrosema pubescens, sulfur water, sheep manure

Advancement in the Feeding and Nutrition of Farm Animals of Bangladesh and a Panoramic View 2050

This article describes genesis and the advances of schooling, research and extension of animal nutrition science and practices in Bangladesh. It portrays sine qua non of the advancement of animal nutrition, fodder production and frontier knowledge of allied disciplines. Domestic growth of good practices and its global and regional competitive advantages are delineated for supporting the growing need of safe animal sourced food pillared with profit, people, planet and the ethics of sustainable production of farm animals. A vision of becoming world middle income country with a national population plateau of around 202.0 million and demographic shifts by 2050 may require the annual production of 130.0 and 27.0 thousand tons of manufactured dairy and beef feed furthering global trading competitions for feed ingredients. This competition may be minimized through the production and supply of domestic sourced unique quality feeds and value additions to roughages. Capacity enhancement in research, education and extension will boost socioeconomic and the production efficiency of farm animals and enhance sustainable growth of feed industry racing with regional and global competitions.

A glimpse of the future in animal nutrition science. 2. Current and future solutions

Despite tremendous advancements in the livestock sector, additional opportunities exist to improve even further livestock production around the globe. Forecasting is not an exact science and it relies heavily on past and current knowledge. Improvements in the nutritional sciences (both human and animal) include a better understanding of agents that cause deterioration of human health, improving the quality of animal products, applying effective fetal programming, developing new feeds and feeding strategies, and revisiting longstanding technologies. Improvements in the understanding of the rumen microbiome will enable scientists to increase the fermentation efficiency and, hopefully, select microbial species of greater interest. Improvements in remote sensing and ground-based instrumentation, telecommunications, and weather forecasting technologies will aid in the continued improvements of early warning systems to assist livestock producers in reducing risk and adapting to the changing environment. Broad utilization of sensor technologies will allow scientists to collect real-time data and, when combined with mathematical modeling, decision support systems will become an indispensable managerial tool for livestock production with the possibility to automate low-level decisions on the farm, such as supplementation schedules, sorting of animals, and early detection of disease and outbreaks. The identification of feed efficient animals may be the single most impactful advancement towards long-term livestock sustainability and the promise of feeding the world animal products. We contend that education across societal levels is the first step to solve current and future challenges of the livestock industry. The dilemma has been who will take the first step forward.

A glimpse of the future in animal nutrition science. 1. Past and future challenges

ABSTRACT If the world population continues to increase exponentially, wealth and education inequalities might become more pronounced in the developing world. Thus, offering affordable, high-quality protein food to people will become more important and daunting than ever. Past and future challenges will increasingly demand quicker and more innovative and efficient solutions. Animal scientists around the globe currently face many challenging issues: from ensuring food security to prevent excess of nutrient intake by humans, from animal welfare to working with genetic-engineered [...]

现代草产品加工原理与技术发展

The rapid and healthy development of animal husbandry is an important guarantee to meet human needs for animal products in both quantity and quality, and is thus an important issue in the development of modern prataculture. By improving the forage quality and its utilization efficiency, the processing of forage products plays a pivotal role in linking crop farming and livestock industry in the modern animal husbandry, and thus adjusts forage supply with both seasonal and yearly variation. Therefore, the processing of forage products, as an important support for the development of livestock husbandry, is endowed with a new historical mission. The theoretical foundation for the processing of forage products is how to keep and improve forage nutrition effectively while to decrease the nutrition loss during storage. The forage processing has adopted approaches in modern biology, agricultural science, industrial science, and animal nutrition science as well to develop the forage processing technologies and in the end to yield high quality forage. In this article, we summarized the current research achievements and existing issues in the processing of forage products at home and abroad regarding concepts, significances, current situations, main theories and technologies. By analyzing problems we have met, we finally proposed some suggestions in the development of the modern processing of forage products in China, which we consider an important guidance significant for forage production with high quality in the future.