Aniline Research Articles

Phenazinium- and Malachite Green-Based Pd(II) Cages: Chiroptical Discrimination of Nucleoside Triphosphates.

Organic chromophores have been successfully implemented into supramolecular systems to bestow them with distinct photophysical properties for various applications, ranging from solar energy conversion, photochemical reactions or as receptors for guest molecules with optical readout. We had previously introduced first members of the large family of coal-tar dyes (methylene blue, crystal violet and rhodamine) as integral components of coordination cages. Here, we add two new chromophores, malachite green (MGP) and a purple phenazinium dye (PHP), serving as backbones of bis-monodentate banana-shaped ligands with pyridine donors. We show the formation of corresponding green and purple coloured Pd2L4 coordination cages and investigate their interaction with chiral guest molecules via UV-Vis and CD spectroscopy. The PHP cage can be used to recognize nucleoside triphosphates, based on chirality transfer from the guests to the structurally flexible helicate. In combination with the already known methylene blue cage MBP we could further differentiate between all four canonical NTPs through characteristic changes in the observed CD signatures.

Ball milling of pyrolytic residue from oil sands with MnO2 and reuse as PMS activator: Measurement of ROS exposure and mechanism insights

Pyrolysis is an important process to recover petroleum from oil sands, while the pyrolytic residue of oil sands (PROS) is commonly treated as solid waste. In this study, PROS was treated by ball milling with manganese dioxide and converted into Mn-loaded carbon sand (MnBMCS), which was reused as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator to degrade aniline (AN) in wastewater. The AN (100 mg/L) was almost completely removed by 2 g/L MnBMCS and 1 g/L PMS. Electron paramagnetic resonance tests confirmed the existence of three reactive oxygen species (ROS) including sulfate radical (SO4∙−), hydroxyl radical (∙OH) and singlet oxygen (O21) in MnBMCS/PMS system. A probe-based kinetics model was constructed to measure the ROS exposure. The O21 exposure was 6.73 and 22.95 times of SO4∙− and ∙OH exposure, respectively. But the contribution of SO4∙− to AN degradation was much greater than that of O21 due to its higher oxidation capacity. Characterization analysis showed that Mn(Ⅳ)/Mn(Ⅲ) redox electrons could activate PMS to produce SO4∙− and ∙OH, CO activated PMS to produce O21, and π-π* was also beneficial to generate SO4∙− and ∙OH. This study proposes an innovative integrated process to promote the governance mode of PROS from harmless disposal to high-value resource utilization.

The potential application of agroforestry residues in the adsorption of aniline

A low-cost activated carbon based on agroforestry residues (AAC) was synthesized and characterized to remove aniline (AN), a healthy and environmentally toxic substance. The batch adsorption assays were used to assess the effect of contact time (1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h), pH (2, 4, 6, and 8), and with 1, 5, and 10 mg/L AN concentration. The adsorption mechanism of AN on ACC and commercial carbons (GAP and PAC) was evaluated and compared through Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The results show that AN removal increases with decreasing pH, reaching a maximum removal capacity of AAC of 90 %. AAC resulted in similar efficiency to GAC > 90 % to 1 and 5 mg/L. Langmuir shows the best-fit model reaching an R2 of 0.98. These models explain that the adsorption mechanism of AN on ACC is homogeneous, and monolayer adsorption occurs, achieving a maximum capacity of 1.20 and 1.16 mg/g for ACC and PAC, respectively, with a possible endothermic mechanism suggested by Temkin. The results showed that AAC could be considered an effective and economical adsorbent in removing the AN.

Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of poly[(aniline-co-N-(4-sulfophenyl) aniline] nanofibers and its nanocomposite with titanium dioxide nanoparticles and study of their efficiency in hybrid solar cell

The advantages of polyaniline for application in new generation solar cells include its cost-effectiveness, environmentally friendly synthesis, remarkable stability, and the ability to modify the bandgap through the synthesis of its nanocomposites. But a challenge for its nanostructures is the limited solubility in non-toxic solvents, including water, which limits their processability in coating techniques. We overcame this challenge by synthesizing its copolymer with diphenylamine-4-sulfonate and its nanocomposite with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs). So through a solid-state and template-free technique and using sodium diphenylamine-4-sulfonate, aniline hydrochloride salt, TiO2NPs, and FeCl3∙6 H2O as an oxidant, poly(N-(sulfophenyl)aniline) nanoflowers (PSANFLs), poly [(aniline-co-N-(4-sulfophenyl) aniline] nanofibers (PAPSANFs), poly(N-(sulfophenyl)aniline) nanofibers/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PSANFs/TiO2NPs), and poly (aniline-co-N-(4-sulfophenyl)aniline nanofibers/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PAPSANFs/TiO2NPs) were synthesized. Characterization of the synthesized samples was carried out through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and elemental analysis (CHNS). The FE-SEM images clearly illustrate that the synthesized samples are of nanoscale dimensions. The band gap values of 2.23 eV for PSANFs/TiO2NPs and 1.96 eV for PAPSANFs/TiO2NPs nanocomposites were determined through electrochemical calculations based on cyclic voltammetry curves, showcasing the complementary properties of n and p semiconductors. Using doctor blade method to prepare films from synthesized materials and the architectural pattern of ITO│TiO2NPs│semiconductor sample│Al, all hybrid solar cells are fabricated. The I-V characteristics and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the samples were examined and discussed. The PCE values for the four samples were found to be in the range of 0.20–0.82 %.

Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Derivatives from 4-(3, 5-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylazo)- benzoic acid

In this work pyrazolin derivatives were prepared from the diazonium chloride salt of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Azo compounds were prepared from the reaction of an ethanolic solution of sodium acetate and calculated amount of active methylene compound namely, acetyl acetone to obtain the corresponding hydrazono derivative (1). Cyclocondensation reaction of compounds (1) with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine in boiling ethanol affording the corresponding pyrazoline-5-one derivatives of 4-aminobenzoic acid (2,3). Then compound (3) was reacted with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding acid chloride derivative(4), followed by conversion into the corresponding acid hydrazide derivative (5) carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide (11), esters (14,15), thioesters (16,17) and amides (18,19), when treated hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, alcohols, alkylthiol and secondary amines in dry refluxing benzene; respectively. Schiff's bases (6-8) were prepared by refluxing of compound (5) with different aldehydes and ketons, then two compounds from the Schiff's bases were cyclized with ?-mercapto acetic acid to give (9 and 10). Furthermore, 1,2,4-triazole derivative (12) have been also prepared by refluxing thiosemicarbazide derivative with sodium hydroxide solution (4%) followed acidification of the result using (10%)hydrolic acid. Moreover, a thiadiazole derivative (13) has been prepared by treatment of thiosemicarbazide derivative with concentrated sulfuric acid as cyclyzing agent. Finally, oxadiazole derivative (20) has prepared by condensation of its acid hydrazide derivative with carbon disulfide in basic medium.

C–H bond activation over chitosan based Fe(III) and Ni(II) catalysts

Chitosan (Cs) supported heterogeneous catalysts of Fe(III) and Ni(II) is developed by the equimolar reaction of two schiff base ligands, L1 [Cs-HACP] and L2 [ANI-HACP] and Metal salts {where Metal = Fe(III) and Ni(II)}with chitosan. The L1 ligand is prepared by the reaction of chitosan (Cs) and ortho hydroxyl (HACP) acetophenone in methanol and L2 ligand is prepared by the condensation of aniline (ANI) and ortho hydroxyl acetophenone (HACP) in solvent free condition. The prepared catalysts {M-[Cs-L1-L2]Cl2} are characterized by different analytical techniques viz. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, UV-VIS-NIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and computational studies. The catalytic behavior of newly synthesized catalysts are tested for the C–H activation using 70 % tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). The best results are obtained for tetralin oxidation. The order of catalytic reactivity of {M-[Cs-L1-L2]Cl2}catalyst is in decreasing order: {Fe(III)-[Cs-L1-L2]Cl2} > {Ni(II)-[Cs-L1-L2]Cl2}. The {Fe(III)-[Cs-L1-L2]Cl2} gives maximum conversion 81.99 % of tetralin with 84.50 % selectivity of tetralone (T-lone) and 6.47 % selectivity of tetralol (T-lol) after 5 h of reaction at 80 °C temperature. The chitosan based heterogeneous catalyst is easy to separate and recover. It can be recycled seven times.

A 1,4-benzoquinone with counteracting inductive donor and acceptor substituents

Investigation of a published route to produce 3,5-di- tert-butylphenol, starting from commercial 3,5-di- tert-butylbenzoic acid via 3,5-di- tert-butylanlinium hydrogen sulfate, unexpectedly yielded 2,6-dintitro-3,5-di- tert-butylphenol. Attempts to increase the yield of the latter resulted, instead, in the previously unreported 2,6-dinitro-3,5-di- tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1,4-dione. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures are reported for the anilinium salt, the nitrated phenol, and the quinone. Voltammetry of the quinone shows two chemically reversible reductions in anhydrous solution and the radical anion produced from the first reduction step has been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This compound fits well to the middle range of electron-poor quinones, indicating that the inductive effects of the tert-butyl and nitro groups counteract each other. This conclusion is also supported by the infrared spectroscopic data where the ν(C=O) and ν(C=C) bands are of very similar energy to those of 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone.

Beneficial utilization of ball-milled carbon sand to activate peroxymonosulfate oxidation: Quantitation of ROS using probe-based kinetic models and mechanism insights

In this study, the oil sand was treated with an integrated process of pyrolysis and ball milling, and the obtained ball-milled carbon sand (BMCS) was utilized as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator to treat wastewater containing aniline (AN). Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirmed the existence of sulfate radical (SO4∙‐), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (O12) in the BMCS/PMS system. A probe-based kinetic model was constructed to describe the degradation process of pollutants in the BMCS/PMS system, quantified the exposure of each reactive oxygen species and their contributions to AN degradation. BMCS activated PMS to quickly produce SO4∙‐ and gradually generate ·OH. The O12 exposure showed a rapid increasing trend and the largest total exposure, while its contribution to AN degradation was small. Ball milling time and BMCS dosage demonstrated significant effect on the exposure of ·OH and O12. The main active sites for BMCS to activate PMS were iron oxides, defective carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups. This study provides a green and low-cost process for value-added transformation of pyrolytic residue of oil sand (PROS), so as to promote PROS treatment mode from harmless disposal to resource utilization.

Halogenation of Anilines: Formation of Haloacetonitriles and Large-Molecule Disinfection Byproducts.

Aniline-related structures are common in anthropogenic chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Compared with the widely studied phenolic compounds, anilines have received far less assessment of their disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potential, even though anilines and phenols likely exhibit similar reactivities on their respective aromatic rings. In this study, a suite of 19 aniline compounds with varying N- and ring-substitutions were evaluated for their formation potentials of haloacetonitriles and trihalomethanes under free chlorination and free bromination conditions. Eight of the aniline compounds formed dichloroacetonitrile at yields above 0.50%; the highest yields were observed for 4-nitroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, and 4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline (1.6-2.3%). Free bromination generally resulted in greater haloacetonitrile yields with the highest yield observed for 2-ethylaniline (6.5%). The trihalomethane yields of anilines correlated with their haloacetonitrile yields. Product analysis of aniline chlorination by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed several large-molecule DBPs, including chloroanilines, (chloro)hydroxyanilines, (chloro)benzoquinone imines, and ring-cleavage products. The product time profiles suggested that the reaction pathways include initial ring chlorination and hydroxylation, followed by the formation of benzoquinone imines that eventually led to ring cleavage. This work revealed the potential of aniline-related moieties in micropollutants as potent precursors to haloacetonitriles and other emerging large-molecule DBPs with the expected toxicity.

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Composite and Conductive and Anticorrosive Properties of Its Waterborne Epoxy Composite Coatings.

The organic coating on the surface is common and the most effective method to prevent metal materials from corrosion. However, the corrosive medium can penetrate the metal surface via micropores, and electrons cannot transfer in the pure resin coatings. In this paper, a new type of anticorrosive and electrically conductive composite coating filled with graphene oxide/carbon nanotube/polyaniline (GO/CNT/PANI) nanocomposites was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline (AN) on the surface of GO and CNT and using waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) as film-forming material. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized using a series of characterization methods. The composite coatings were comparatively examined through resistivity, potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and salt spray tests. The results show that the GO/CNT/PANI/WEP composite coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance for metal substrates and good conductivity when the mass fraction of GO/CNT/PANI is 3.5%. It exhibits a lower corrosion current density of 4.53 × 10-8 A·cm-2 and a higher electrochemical impedance of 3.84 × 106 Ω·cm2, while only slight corrosion occurred after 480 h in the salt spray test. The resistivity of composite coating is as low as 2.3 × 104 Ω·cm. The composite coating possesses anticorrosive and electrically conductive properties based on the synergistic effect of nanofillers and expands the application scope in grounding grids and oil storage tank protection fields.

The Use of Low‐Quality Cotton‐Derived Cellulose Films as Templates for In Situ Conductive Polymer Synthesis as Promising Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications

AbstractHere, the use of cellulose films (CFs) produced from low‐quality cotton is reported as a template for in situ synthesis of well‐known conductive polymers, e.g., polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY) via oxidative polymerization. Three successive monomer loading/polymerization cycles of aniline (ANI) and pyrrole (PY) within CFs as PANI@CF or PPY@CF are carried out to increase the amount of conductive polymer content. The contact angle (CA) for three times ANI and PPY loaded and polymerized CFs as 3PANI@CF and 3PPY@CF are determined as 26.3±2.8 and 42.3±0.6 degrees, respectively. As the electrical conductivity is increased with increased number of conductive polymer synthesis within CF, the higher conductivity values, 3×10−4±8.1×10−5 S.cm−1 and 2.1×10−3±5.8×10−4 S.cm−1, respectively are measured for 3PANI@CF and 3PPY@CF composites. It is found that PANI@CF composites are hemolytic, whereas PPY@CF composites are not at 1 mg mL−1 concentrations. All PPY@CF composites exhibit better biocompatibility than PANI@CF composites on L929 fibroblast cells with more than 70±8% viability at 1 mg of CF‐based conductive polymer composites. Moreover, MIC and MBC values of 3PPY@CF composites for Escherichia coli (ATCC8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538) are determined as 2.5 and 5.0 mg.mL−1, whereas these values are estimated as 5 and 10 mg.mL−1 for Candida albicans (ATCC10231).

Controlled growth of redox-active polymer nanorods on MOF-derived activated nanoporous carbons: 3D reconstruction study and high-performance supercapacitor

Supercapacitors, which a energy storage systems, have been continuously studied because of their high power density and rapid charging-discharging capacity. Supercapacitors can be classified into pseudocapacitors and electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The effective utilization of these two supercapacitor mechanisms is important for achieving high performance. In this study, highly nanoporous metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon underwent chemical activation with potassium hydroxide to produce a high surface area. Subsequently, activated carbon was combined with a polyaniline (PANI) nanoarchitecture to introduce redox-active sites. Activated MOF-derived carbon provides a high specific surface area for EDLCs, and well-controlled PANI nanorods support large amounts of redox-active sites to achieve high capacitance. The aniline (ANI) concentration, growth time, acid, temperature, and ammonium persulfate (APS):ANI molar ratio were controlled to grow PANI nanorods without aggregation. At a scan rate of 5 mV/s, the capacitance of the PANI-ZIF-8-derived carbon composite reached 635.3 F/g, which was superior than that of ZIF-8-derived carbon (143.4 F/g). It also exhibited excellent durability during cycling, demonstrating that it can serve as a high-performance hybrid electrode material composed of carbon and polymer for supercapacitors.

Occurrence and eco‐toxicological risk assessment of primary aromatic amines in hookah wastewater

AbstractThis study was conducted for the first time to discern the levels of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in hookah wastewater resulting from the consumption of fruit‐flavored and traditional tobacco. The ecological risk of PAAs laden hookah wastewater and its toxic effects on crustaceans and fish have also been evaluated. The mean concentrations of PAAs in hookah wastewater resulting from consumption of Al‐Mahmoud, Al‐Ayan, Al‐Fakher, and Mazaya brands were 1075.56, 1033.25, 986.94, and 946.58 ng/L, respectively, while it was determined as 355.91 ng/L in traditional tobacco. The concentration of PAAs in the hookah wastewater of fruit‐flavored tobacco was significantly higher than the traditional one (p < 0.05). Aniline (ANL) had the maximum level in hookah wastewater from fruit‐flavored (679.83–802.50 ng/L) and traditional (316.53 ng/L) tobacco consumption. The RQ value of the mean concentration of PAAs in hookah wastewater for all samples was in the range of medium to low‐risk (RQ < 1). In addition to PAAs, other dangerous chemicals in hookah wastewater can increase its ecological and health risk, so it is necessary to manage such wastewater before discharging it into the environment.

Synthesis and characterization of Zn-In-S composites for photocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation and nitrobenzene reduction

Photocatalytic transformation of organics is a promising alternative to conventional synthetic methodologies. ZnIn2S4 is active in photocatalytic redox reactions, but its performance is hindered by fast charge carrier recombination, and optimizing its properties through synthesis or modification is complicated. Herein, Zn-In-S based composites were prepared via a facile solvothermal method by varying the ratio of sulfide precursor (TAA) with a fixed Zn/ In molar ratio of 1: 2. The phase composition of the obtained materials depends on the amount of TAA. At lower ratios, composites consisting of crystalline In(OH)3 and unknown ZnxInySz phase were formed. Pure-phase ZnIn2S4 was obtained when the feed molar ratio of zinc and TAA was 1: 6 or higher. The photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA) and reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) in a coupled system were applied to evaluate the activity of Zn-In-S-based composites. Under visible light irradiation, the ZnxInySz/ In(OH)3 composite (ZIS14) synthesized with a molar ratio of Zn to TAA of 1: 4 exhibited boosted and optimal performance compared to the bare ZnIn2S4 and other samples. After 5 hours of irradiation, the BA conversion and benzaldehyde (BAD) yield were 57 % and 55 %, respectively, and the NB conversion and aniline (AN) yield were 70 % and 35 %, individually, outperforming previous studies under similar experimental conditions. This work not only elucidates the photoredox process of BA and NB in one system, but also has significant implications for understanding the complex hydro/solvothermal processes involved in the fabrication of multicomponent sulfides.

Full Selectivity Control over the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics Into Six Products

AbstractA full selectivity control over the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics leads to the production of six possible products, i.e., nitroso, hydroxylamine, azoxy, azo, hydrazo or aniline compounds, which has however not been achieved in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to support that the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics with the use of heterogeneous metal catalysts would follow the Haber's mechanistic scheme based on electrochemical reduction. We now demonstrate in this work that it is possible to fully control the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics into their all six products using a single catalytic system under various conditions. Employing SnO2‐supported Pt nanoparticles facilitated by the surface coordination of ethylenediamine and vanadium species enabled this unprecedented selectivity control. Through systematic investigation into the controlled production of all products and their chemical reactivities, we have constructed a detailed reaction network for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. Crucially, using oxygen‐isolated characterization techniques is essential for identifying unstable compounds such as nitroso, hydroxylamine, hydrazo compounds. The insights gained from this research offer invaluable guidance for selectively transforming nitroaromatics into a wide array of functional N‐containing compounds, both advancing fundamental understanding and fostering practical applications in various fields.

Full Selectivity Control over the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics Into Six Products.

A full selectivity control over the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics leads to the production of six possible products, i.e., nitroso, hydroxylamine, azoxy, azo, hydrazo or aniline compounds, which has however not been achieved in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to support that the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics with the use of heterogeneous metal catalysts would follow the Haber's mechanistic scheme based on electrochemical reduction. We now demonstrate in this work that it is possible to fully control the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics into their all six products using a single catalytic system under various conditions. Employing SnO2-supported Pt nanoparticles facilitated by the surface coordination of ethylenediamine and vanadium species enabled this unprecedented selectivity control. Through systematic investigation into the controlled production of all products and their chemical reactivities, we have constructed a detailed reaction network for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. Crucially, using oxygen-isolated characterization techniques is essential for identifying unstable compounds such as nitroso, hydroxylamine, hydrazo compounds. The insights gained from this research offer invaluable guidance for selectively transforming nitroaromatics into a wide array of functional N-containing compounds, both advancing fundamental understanding and fostering practical applications in various fields.

Organoselenium-based Azomethines as Apoptosis Inducers in Colorectal Carcinoma via P53, BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-6, and Caspase-9 Modulations.

Organoselenium (OSe) agents and Schiff bases have demonstrated immense potential in the pharmaceutical field due to their broad spectrum of medicinal activities. We herein report the antitumor activities of bis diselenide-based Schiff bases (3a-3c) derived from bis(4-aminophenyl)diselenide 2 and organoselenide-based Schiff bases (5a-c) derived from p-(methylselanyl)phenyl amine (4). The antitumor activity was estimated against fifteen cancer cell lines. Also, the growth inhibition percentage (GI%) of the Schiff bases tethered OSe compounds was evaluated against two normal cell lines, namely, human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and olfactory ensheathing cell line (OEC), to estimate the potential safety and selectivity. Furthermore, the cytotoxic inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) was assessed against the cancer cell lines with the most outstanding GI% using the SRB assay. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a showed the lowest IC50 values compared to those of doxorubicin (DOX) against HCT116, HEPG2, A549, MDA-MB-468, and FaDu cancer cell lines, respectively, especially against the HCT116 subtype, assuring their potential anticancer activity. On the other side, the apoptotic potentials of the most active compounds (3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a) were also evaluated for apoptosis-related genes (P53, BAX, caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9, MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2). Interestingly, compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a upregulated P53, BAX, and caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9 by (2.66, 2.26, 2.44, and 2.57)-, (1.62, 1.52, 1.37, and 1.47)-, (1.87, 1.75, 2.02, and 1.75)-, (1.96, 1.74, 2.06, and 2.30)-, (4.25, 3.78, 3.53, and 3.96)-, and (2.04, 1.72, 1.90, and 1.63)-fold change, respectively. Furthermore, MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2 were downregulated by (0.39, 0.51, 0.33, and 0.28)-, (0.29, 0.32, 0.37, and 0.41)-, and (0.42, 0.35, 0.29, and 0.38)-fold-change, upon treatment with compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a, respectively, assuring the apoptotic potentials. Finally, molecular docking also greatly recommends the potential activity of the examined candidates (especially 3a and 3c) against the GSTP1 receptor as a recommended mechanism for their antitumor activity. Our findings point to significant anticancer activities of Schiff bases tethered OSe agents, suggesting their promising potential for development as effective anticancer drugs.

Super capacitive electrode performance analysis of facile synthesized α-Fe2O3 aerogel and its nanocomposite with in-situ formed polyaniline (α-Fe2O3/PANI)

This paper presents the synthesis of an α-Fe2O3-assisted polyaniline (α-Fe2O3/PANI) nanocomposite using a straightforward two-step process. Initially, α-Fe2O3 aerogels with cratered nanohexagon structures are synthesized through a solution combustion method assisted by noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit extract. In the second step, these nanohexagons facilitate the preparation of α-Fe2O3/PANI via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of anilinium chloride. The structural, optical, and morphological properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX). Electrical conductivity, wettability, and electrochemical properties of the prepared materials were assessed. The results indicate that the 2D cratered α-Fe2O3 aerogel is effectively embedded within PANI, forming a modified nano α-Fe2O3/PANI composite. The composite exhibited altered DC conductivity and electrolyte wettability. After 200 cycles of cyclic voltammetry (CV), the specific capacitance of the nano α-Fe2O3/PANI was determined to be 153 Fg⁻¹ at a scan rate of 10 mVs⁻¹, retaining approximately 90 % of its cycle stability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed significantly lower charge transfer and equivalent series resistance values for the nano α-Fe2O3/PANI electrode compared to the pure α-Fe2O3-based electrode. Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) tests further demonstrated the superior electrochemical performance of the α-Fe2O3/PANI nanocomposite electrode. Therefore, this α-Fe2O3/PANI is an advanced conducting polymeric electrode for electrochemical applications.

A symmetric chiral aromatic polyamide modified silica material combining rigid-flexible and application in liquid chromatography

The development of new separation materials is an effective way to improve the separation efficiency of chiral and achiral analytes. Here, a C3-symmetric chiral tricarboxylic acid compound was prepared and successfully immobilized onto the surface of porous silica particles by a one-pot synthesis strategy. The resulting material (TPHs-SiO2) was composed of symmetric chiral aromatic polyamide with a combination of rigid-flexibility, which gave it both chiral and hydrophilic interaction/ion exchange (HILIC/IEC) characteristics. TPHs-SiO2 as a new stationary phase for liquid chromatography can separate 1-phenyl-ethanol, 1-phenyl-propanol, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethylene glycol, 4-chloro-a-methylbenzyl alcohol, ofloxacin and mandelic acid in normal phase chromatography (NPLC) with resolutions of 2.69, 5.89, 4.49, 1.04, 1.73 and 5.47, respectively, thus indicating that TPHs-SiO2 has chiral resolution performance. TPHs-SiO2 can also achieve the separation of achiral compounds, such as nucleosides, nucleotides, and aniline compounds in HILIC/IEC mode. Therefore, the prepared stationary phase can be used as an ideal multifunctional separation material with chiral separation capability and mixed-mode separation capability (HILIC/IEC), realizing the separation of chiral compounds and different types of compounds. This work provides a new idea and method for developing multifunctional separation materials with multi-selectivity and high efficiency, that has important theoretical and application value.

Existence of nano-sized aggregates in aniline and chloroform binary system

The liquid binary system of aniline (ANL) and chloroform (CHL) was discovered to form aggregates at a nano-size level responsible for the peculiar trends of some physico-chemical properties, reflected in morphology. The density and viscosity were recorded in the temperature range from 273.15 K to 313.15 K at ten different molar fractions. While the correlation of viscosity and density with molar fraction indicated a modest deviation from ideality, the excess molar volume values derived from density values exhibited a large discrepancy from the directly measured results, suggesting the potential aggregation leading to local inhomogeneity of mixtures’ concentration. On the other hand, FT-IR and Raman spectra showed no significant frequency shift both for N-H stretching on ANL and C-H stretching vibration on CHL upon mixing, in agreement with quantum mechanical calculations, which revealed the presence of a few complexes with stoichiometry ANL:CHL = 1:2 and 2:2, formed through CH···π interactions. The nano-scale morphology was characterised using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method and SEM imaging. The calculated molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of complexes indicated the capability for further association among complexes or between complexes and ANL or CHL molecules to form larger aggregates. For the first time, nano-sized aggregates were spotted for a liquid binary system made of small-sized organic molecules (solvents) using the combination of thermodynamic measurement, vibrational spectroscopy, quantum mechanical calculations and SEM imaging.