Angustifolius Seeds Research Articles

Quinolizidine alkaloids and phomopsin A in animal feed containing lupins: co-occurrence and carry-over into veal products

Lupins are used in animal feed because of their excellent nutritional composition. Australian and European Lupinus angustifolius seeds are incorporated in compound feed of calves for veal production in Belgium. To investigate the co-occurrence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) and phomopsin A (PHO A) in lupin seeds and lupin-containing feed, and the potential transfer to animal-derived foods, representative samples were obtained from various actors in the chain. A UHPLC-MS/MS method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of seven QAs and PHO A in relevant matrices. Results indicate highly consistent total QA (TQA) levels in Australian lupins (173 ± 24 mg/kg) (n = 25), while European samples showed a high variability (1442 ± 1497 mg/kg) (n = 15). PHO A was detected in 7 of 40 samples. Lupin-containing feed had a mean TQA content of 42 ± 28 mg/kg (n = 20). An in vivo feeding trial demonstrated the transfer of QAs to muscle and liver of calves that were fed the lupin-containing feed. Highest concentrations were found for lupanine in liver tissue samples (67 ± 46 µg/kg). PHO A concentrations were below the LOD in all feed and tissue samples. These results indicate that animal-derived foods (veal meat/liver) are a potential route for QAs to enter the food chain.

Variability within L. albus and L. angustifolius Seeds in Dietary Fiber Components.

Lupin seeds have received increased attention due to their applications in the nutrition of humans and livestock. One of their special features is their high content of dietary fiber, which is influenced by the lupin species. No previous studies have focused on the variability in dietary fiber and its fractions within species so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability within L. albus and L. angustifolius (eight cultivars each) in the dietary fiber composition expressed as low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMWSDF), soluble and insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides, cellulose, and Klason lignin. Additionally, we analyzed the proximate composition and the composition of amino acids and fatty acids. The results showed noticeable variability within both species not only in the total dietary fiber but also in all its fractions, especially in LMWSDF, cellulose, non-starch polysaccharides, and Klason lignin within L. angustifolius. This indicates that the cultivar choice should be based on the application for which it is used. Even though important nutrients, such as the most indispensable amino acids, are not highly variable within L. albus, dietary fiber variations can still have a marked influence on the nutritional value because of their influence on the digestibility of other nutrients.

Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Alkaloid Extracts from Seeds of Different Genotypes of Lupinus spp.

Alkaloid profiles of 22 lupin genotypes belonging to three different cultivated species, Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., and Lupinus angustifolius L., collected from different Italian regions and grown in Sicily, were studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine alkaloid composition. More than 30 alkaloids were identified. The lowest alkaloid concentration was observed in the L. albus Luxor, Aster, and Rosetta cultivars, and in all the varieties of L. luteus and L. angustifolius. The highest content was observed in all the landraces of L. albus. Surprisingly, the white lupin Lublanc variety and the commercial seeds of cv Multitalia had a high alkaloid content. The tested species and the different genotypes exhibited different alkaloid profiles: lupanine, 13α-hydroxylupanine, and albine were the main alkaloids in the analyzed L. albus seeds; angustifoline and 13α-tigloyloxylupanine were well-represented in L. albus landraces; sparteine and lupinine were typical of L. luteus; and lupanine, 13α-hydroxylupanine, and angustifoline were the main alkaloids in L. angustifolius seeds. The samples with the highest amounts of total alkaloids proved to be interesting from a pharmaceutical viewpoint. The alkaloid extracts showed significant activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Characterization of narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) recombinant major allergen IgE-binding proteins and the natural β-conglutin counterparts in sweet lupin seed species

β-conglutin has been identified as a major allergen for Lupinus angustifolius seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the binding of IgE to five recombinant β-conglutin isoforms (rβ) that we overexpressed and purified and to their natural counterparts in different lupin species and cultivars.Western blotting suggested β-conglutins were the main proteins responsible for the IgE reactivity of the lupin species and cultivars. Newly identified polypeptides from “sweet lupin” may constitute a potential new source of primary or cross-reactive sensitization to lupin, particularly to L. albus and L. angustifolius seed proteins. Several of them exhibited qualitative and quantitative differences in IgE-binding among these species and cultivars, mainly in sera from atopic patients that react to lupin rather than peanut.IgE-binding was more consistent to recombinant β2 than to any of the other isoforms, making this protein a potential candidate for diagnosis and immunotherapy.

Amino acids profile and antioxidant activity of different Lupinus angustifolius seeds after solid state and submerged fermentations.

The objective of this study was to investigate the amino acids profile, total phenolic compounds (TPC) content, antioxidant activity after submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentations of different Lupinus angustifolius seeds by the Lactobacillus sakei KTU05-6. Additionally, the impact of different lupin seeds as fermentation media for LAB biomass and d/l-lactic acid production was analysed. The d/l ratio for SmF and SSF treated lupin samples varied from 0.15 to 0.45 and from 0.12 to 0.46, 16 respectively. Nutritional analysis highlighted a substantial increase in the TPC content and antioxidant activity up to 31.5-48.8% for SSF treated L. angustifolius samples compared to unfermented. The interaction between analysed factors (lupin variety and fermentation conditions) had a significant influence on essential and nonessential amino acids profile.

Interactions between Lupinus angustifolius seeds lipoxygenase and native phenolic compounds in the model system

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of lipoxygenase extracted from Lupinus angustifolius seeds and its interactions with native lupin polyphenols. The examinated enzyme is active at pH 7.5 causing peroxidation of linoleic acid. The main hydroperoxide produced in the presence of investigated lupin lipoxygenase was 13-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE t-t). In the presence of the phenolic compounds extracted from L. angustifolius seeds, the changes of lipoxygenase activity were observed. A distinct antioxidant effect of lupin polyphenols observed at their low concentration (0.58 μg/ml) was almost completely overcome at higher concentration of phenolic compounds (2.91 μg/ml). It comes probably from oxidation of polyphenols in the presence of lupin lipoxygenase. In this mechanism, polyphenol radical formation is possible. The formed radicals decrease the antioxidant efficiency of the phenolic compounds. Eventual phenoxyl radical-mediated peroxidation may be inhibited by the presence of antioxidants able to regenerate flavonoids.

Germination and soil seed bank traits of Podocarpus angustifolius (Podocarpaceae): an endemic tree species from Cuban rain forests

Podocarpus angustifolius is an endangered recalcitrant-seeded small tree, endemic to mountain rain forests in the central and Pinar del Río regions in Cuba. In this study, the germination patterns of P. angustifolius seeds were evaluated and the nature of the soil seed bank was determined. Using a weighted two-factor design, we analyzed the combined germination response to seed source (i.e. freshly matured seeds directly collected from trees versus seeds extracted from soil samples) and pretreatment (i.e. seed water-immersion for 48h at room temperature). Germination was delayed for four weeks (= 30 days) in all cases, regardless of both factors analyzed. Moreover, nine additional days were necessary to achieve high germination values (in the case of fresh, pretreated seeds). These results overall may indicate the existence of a non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in P. angustifolius seeds. The water-immersion significantly enhanced seed germination, probably as a result of the hydration of recalcitrant seeds. Although germination of seeds extracted from soil samples was low, probably due to aging and pathogen effects throughout the time of burial, the study revealed the existence of a persistent soil seed bank (at least short-termed) of approximately 42 viable seeds per m2 in the upper 10cm of soil. Such a record is noteworthy since references to persistent soil seed banks in recalcitrant-seeded species are scarce in the literature. The population consequences derived from the formation of persistent soil seed banks in this endangered species are discussed.

Raffinose family oligosaccharides and sucrose contents in 13 Spanish lupin cultivars

The contents of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and sucrose in 13 Spanish cultivars of lupin ( Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and Lupinus angustifolius) were studied, with the aim of selecting those with highest amounts of these oligosaccharides in order to obtain pure RFOs for use as ingredients in functional foods. The levels of sucrose and RFOs (raffinose, stachyose and verbascose) were determined using high perfornnance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There were large variations in the levels of individual RFOs between lupin cultivars. L. albus seeds were characterised by the lowest verbascose content (∼0.4%), L. luteus seeds by the highest contents of stachyose (∼7.4%) and verbascose (∼3.1%) and the lowest of sucrose (∼1.2%),and L. angustifolius seeds by the highest sucrose (∼3.4%) and the lowest stachyose (∼4.6%) contents. Furthermore, there was a wide variation in total α-galactosides between species, with a remarkably high content found in L. luteus (9.5–12.3%) which was about twice that of other lupin cultivars. For this reason, L. luteus seeds are the best choice for obtaining pure RFOs for use as prebiotics in functional foods.

Evaluation of pesticide uptake by Lupinus seeds

Pesticide uptake by seeds depends on the properties of the chemical, such as structure, stability, log k ow and diffusion rate, type of water, pH, temperature, content of organic matter and composition, and on seed characteristics such as permeability of the seed coat. The efficiency with which Lupinus angustifolius seeds retain different herbicides (simazine, atrazine, isoproturon, linuron,) and insecticides (carbaryl, fenamiphos, permethrin) was evaluated using both a batch and a continuous system. Factors which affect pesticide uptake by seeds, such as flow rate, seed biomass, pesticide concentration, contact time, pH, seed saturation and also the speed of the retention process for 17 days, were tested. L. angustifolius showed a high retention capacity for the above mentioned pesticides. The extraction of pesticides from seeds using different organic solvents, such as methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and n-hexane was evaluated and no pesticide residues were detected in any of the solvents tested. This could be attributed to the capacity of the seed to degrade the pesticides. From the results obtained, L. angustifolius seems to be a promising seed to be applied for phytoremediation of industrial effluents or contaminated water.

Dietary lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus) can increase digesta retention in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

Lupins are high in crude protein, cell wall materials, and gross energy but uncertainty about the bioavailability of nutrients and adverse effects on feed intake limit their use in the pig industry. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of lupins on retention time in the digestive tract by determining the average time it took for ingested polyethylene beads to pass through the digestive tract of pigs fed wheat-based diets containing various lupin species and fractions. In Expt 1, pigs were restrictively fed (1.8 kg/day) diets containing either predominantly wheat or predominantly wheat plus 400 g/kg peas or L. angustifolius seeds or kernels. The retention times of diets containing 400 g/kg of L. angustifolius seeds or kernels were significantly greater than those containing wheat alone (66.4 and 64.3 v. 48.8 h, P < 0.05, s.e.d. = 7.7 h), while that for the diet containing 400 g/kg peas was intermediate (55.8 h). In Expt 2 and 3, pigs were fed 1 of 6 wheat-based diets balanced for digestible energy (DE) and amino acid composition and containing either animal protein or 350 g/kg of peas, and L. angustifolius seeds or kernels, or L. albus seeds and kernels. Pigs were restrictively fed (1.5 kg/day) for Expt 2 or fed ad libitum for Expt 3. The mean retention time of the L. albus diets was greater than the other diets in both experiments. Feed intake and daily gain were reduced in pigs fed diets containing L. albus. Despite having lower feed intakes, pigs fed diets containing L. albus had more digesta in the stomach and small intestine at slaughter than the pigs consuming the diets not containing lupins. Appropriate physical treatment or enzymatic supplementation of L. albus diets may alleviate some of the feed intake problems.

Lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds as supplements for sheep fed low quality roughage

Summary. The seeds of lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were investigated as supplements for young sheep. In experiment 1, rumen-cannulated sheep were offered low quality roughage ad libitum alone or supplemented with about 5, 10 or 20 g/kg liveweight whole lupin or lablab seed. Rumen ammonia concentrations were increased by each level of both supplements, and the increases were greater with lupins than with lablab. The pH of rumen fluid was decreased by both supplements, particularly when the higher levels were fed. Dry matter of broken seeds of both legume species rapidly disappeared from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. Roughage dry matter disappearance from synthetic fibre bags decreased (P<0.05) when 20 g/kg liveweight lupins was fed, and this level of both supplements reduced (P<0.05) roughage intake. Total dry matter intake was increased more by lablab than by lupins, but dry matter and organic matter digestibility tended to be increased to a lesser extent by lablab. Overall, digestible organic matter intake and liveweight gain were increased to similar extents by both supplements. Wool growth was lower (P<0.05) with lablab than lupins, particularly at the highest level of supplementation, suggesting that availability of some amino acids was lower with lablab supplement. In experiment 2, rumen-cannulated sheep were fed low quality roughage ad libitum and supplemented with about 10 g/kg liveweight of either lupin or lablab seed. Lectins and protease inhibitors present in the lablab seed disappeared rapidly from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. In conclusion the nutritional value of lablab seed as a supplement for sheep fed low quality roughage was similar to that of lupin seed for liveweight gain, but was lower for wool growth.

Establishment ofRhinanthus angustifoliusin a successional hayfield after seed dispersal by mowing machinery

The role of seed dispersal by mowing machinery in the invasion into a hayfield under restoration management was investigated for the annual hemiparasite Rhinanthus angustifolius (C.C. Gmelin). Therefore, all plants of R. angustifolius in a hayfield were removed before seed production in 1994. As R angustifolius seeds rarely survive for more than 1 year this would almost entirely prevent establishment of seedlings in 1995. In August 1994 the hayfield was divided into three parts. Under fair-weather conditions two of these parts were mown by a clean tractor disk mower combination and a tractor disk mower combination previously contaminated with R angustifolius seeds, respectively. The third part was mown under rainy conditions by a contaminated caterpillar mower. In June 1995 all established R. angustifolius plants within the three parts were mapped. In both parts mown by contaminated machinery more plants of R angustifolius were found as compared to the part mown with clean machinery. The part mown under wet-weather conditions by the caterpillar mower, in particular, contained many established plants of R angustifolius. The results suggest that spatial patterns of establishment are induced by machinery. The conclusion of the experiment is that mowing machinery acted as a dispersal agent of R angustifolius seeds in 1994. This probably applies to other hayfield species as well. Machinery may therefore play a major role in seed dispersal within the nature reserve, enhancing the speed of succession within hayfields. The circumstances under which the experiment took place did not allow us to conclude on separate effects of machinery type or weather conditions on seed dispersal. However, both effects may exist.

Utilization of Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds supplemented with amino acids by chicks

Utilization of Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds supplemented with amino acids by chicks

α- D-mannosidase and α- D-galactosidase from protein bodies of Lupinus angustifolius cotyledons

Two forms of p-nitrophenyl α- D-mannosidase and p-nitrophenyl α- D-galactosidase were purified from the protein bodies of mature Lupinus angustifolius seeds. A MW of 300 000 was calculated for both α-mannosidase A and B with K m = 1.92 and 2.70 mM and activation energies of 10.9 and 10.8 kcal/mol, respectively. α-Galactosidase I and II had MWs of 70800 and 17000 with K m = 0.282 and 0.556 mM and activation energies 17.7 and 11.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The enzymes had acid pH optima and were inhibited by various metal ions, carbohydrates and glycoproteins. They were able to release free sugar from several putative natural substrate oligosaccharides and the Lupinus storage glycoprotein, α-conglutin.