Plane Angle Research Articles

Outcomes and Craniometric Analyses of the Champy Technique in the Treatment of Mandibular Angle Fractures: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study is to examine the outcomes of superiorly placed monocortical single miniplate fixation in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures and evaluate treatment efficacy through craniometric measurements. Postoperative craniometrics were compared with both the preoperative measurements and the control group. Thirty-four patients were included with a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Complications were observed in 6 patients, with 4 treated surgically and 2 managed nonoperatively. In the craniometric analyses, there was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative measurements of the gonial angle and condyle-midsagittal plane distance on both the fracture side and the contralateral side. The only significant difference was found in comparison of the degree of the mentum deviation (P=0.001). Postoperative mandibular morphometry was comparable to that of the control group. Single miniplate fixation corrects mentum deviation without resulting in any changes in condyle position and can achieve healthy mandibular morphometry.

A FEM‐DEM Coupling Analysis on Bearing Capacity of Sandy Soil Foundation Considering Fabric Anisotropy

ABSTRACTWith the acceleration of urbanization, the stability of the foundation is being more crucial to the performance and service of the superstructure. As our understanding of the factors influencing soil's physical and mechanical behavior deepens, it becomes increasingly challenging for traditional limit equilibrium and limit analysis methods to accurately consider the complex factors affecting foundation stability, such as initial fabric anisotropy caused by the particle morphology and geological deposition in sand. Although some scholars had used advanced constitutive models in the finite element method (FEM) to investigate the influence of initial fabric anisotropy on mechanical responses of foundations, this approach failed to reveal the microscopic information underlying the shear failure of sandy soil foundations. In this study, the influence of the initial fabric anisotropy of sandy soil on the ultimate bearing capacity and shear failure mode of shallow foundation is studied using the hierarchical FEM and discrete element method (DEM) coupling analysis method. Four representative volume elements (RVEs) with varying initial bedding plane angles are constructed in DEM for characterizing different initial fabric anisotropies, and the specific stress–strain information of DEM RVEs is directly passed into the corresponding Gauss points in FEM to replace the conventional constitutive model. Numerical results show that the initial fabric anisotropy affects the ultimate bearing capacity and shear failure mode of shallow foundations significantly, and the corresponding micromechanical behaviors at different local Gauss points have been explored, which advances our understanding of the micromechanisms underlying the progressive shear failure of sandy soil foundations significantly.

Do Different Next-to-Skin Garments Change Thermal Sensation, Jump Height and Landing Knee Valgus After Cold Exposure?

Exposure to the cold can negatively affect muscle performance. This study compared the effects of two different full-length, lower body, next-to-skin garments on thermal sensation, countermovement jump (CMJ) height and knee frontal plane angle upon landing following cold exposure against a control. After familiarisation, 13 male and 11 female recreationally active adults attended three separate laboratory testing sessions where a randomly assigned next-to-skin garment was used (compression, thermal and control (shorts)). A pre- and post-testing protocol comprising CMJ and drop landings interspersed with a sedentary cooling period of 40 min at 0 °C was adopted. High-speed motion analysis and subjective ratings of thermal sensation were recorded. Exposure to the cold significantly reduced thermal sensation (p < 0.001) scores and CMJ height (p < 0.001). Only female participants felt significantly warmer (p ≤ 0.009) in the next-to-skin garments. Losses in CMJ height were significantly reduced by the next-to-skin garments compared to the control with the thermal garment producing better results. There was little change in knee frontal plane angle upon landing in all the garments tested. Ambient cooling at 0 °C for 40 min had a significant effect on CMJ height and thermal sensation but not knee valgus upon landing. Participants in winter sports should consider next-to-skin garments in conjunction with proper warm-ups and re-warming techniques to protect themselves from the negative effects of the cold.

Influence of inherent anisotropy on the mechanical properties of normally consolidated clays with a wide range of plasticity indices

Inherent (fabric) anisotropy is one of the most important properties of earthen materials which has a significant influence on their strength and stiffness characteristics. In this study, a comprehensive series of unconfined and constrained compression tests is performed on normally consolidated (NC) clay samples with different plasticity indices to examine the effect of inherent anisotropy on their mechanical characteristics. Accordingly, several cylindrical clay samples with different proportions of kaolinite and bentonite are reconstituted at a wide range of deposition angles and then subjected to both unconfined and constrained compressive loadings. According to the experimental results, for a clay sample with a particular plasticity index, the highest and lowest values of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), the secant modulus (E50), and the constrained Young's modulus (Eoed) are observed to be associated with the deposition angles of 0o and 90o, respectively. The results also show that at a certain bedding plane angle, the sample containing 30% bentonite (PI = 110%) exhibits the highest UCS, E50, and Eoed values. Several practical empirical correlations are developed to estimate the strength and stiffness properties of NC clays using their plasticity indices and bedding plane directions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis is also conducted to explore the microstructure of samples containing varying percentages of kaolinite and bentonite.

Investigation of the aerodynamic performance of the dragonfly-inspired tandem wings considering the coupling between the stroke plane and phase difference

The dragonfly's tandem wings can make full use of the interference of various spatial vortices to obtain efficient flight capability. The complex coupling among multiple motion parameters will have an important influence on the interference between the forewing (FW) and hindwing (HW). In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of the dragonfly-inspired tandem wings is analyzed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method considering the coupling effect of the stroke plane and phase difference. The variation of the force coefficient, vortex structure and aerodynamic efficiency of the tandem wings in forward flight are analyzed, respectively. The results show that the stroke plane angle affects the distribution of the leading edge vortex (LEV) and trailing edge vortex (TEV), which primarily controls the trend of horizontal force variation. The phase difference of tandem wings will change the fluctuation of the horizontal force coefficient curve by affecting the meeting time of the forewing and hindwing. However, with the increase of stroke plane angle, the fluctuation of aerodynamic coefficient caused by phase difference will decrease. The propulsion efficiency(η) and power loading(PL) can be improved through increasing the stroke plane angle and selecting a reasonable phase difference. The conclusion can provide theoretical guidance for the design of the dragonfly-inspired tandem flapping wing aircraft (DTFWA) and the choice of motion parameters.

Methodology for the correction of a CBCT volume from the skull to the natural head position

The orientation of the head during the acquisition of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is crucial for accurate cephalometric measurements. However, involuntary head movements during the scan can result in misaligned images. This study presents a method to correct the natural head position (NHP) in CBCT skull images after acquisition. Initially, slices were reorganized, and volumes were oriented in RAI coordinates. Next, the Yaw angle in the axial plane was estimated using the fronto-zygomatic sutures (FZS). The Roll angle in the coronal plane was estimated using the centroids of the ocular cavities. Finally, the Pitch angle in the sagittal plane was measured (by the Sella Turcica (S) and Nasion (N) as reference points) and adjusted to reference values of 3.8° for males and 4.1° for females. These calculated angles are used to adjust the CBCT volumes, aligning the images with the NHP.•The method corrects misalignment in CBCT skull images due to involuntary head movements, ensuring accurate cephalometric measurements.•Reference points like fronto-zygomatic sutures, ocular cavity centroids, and the Sella-Nasion line were used to adjust head position in all anatomical planes.•The approach aligns CBCT volumes to the NHP after capture, reducing errors in cephalometric analysis and enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Functional Units Analysis of Mandibular Morphology in Patients With Parry-Romberg Syndrome.

To characterize mandibular morphology in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS). Retrospective study. A craniofacial center. Thirty-three patients with PRS affecting mandible. Preoperative computed tomography data were analyzed using Mimics 26.0 (Materialise Inc.). Distances between landmarks-condyle process (Con), coronoid process (Cor), mandibular foramen (IAF), gonion (Go), and mental foramen-were measured to represent the sizes of skeletal units. Positional asymmetry was reflected by angles between lines connecting bilateral landmarks and the occlusal plane. Bilateral differences in unit sizes were compared. Absolute difference (Δ) > 5 mm and relative size (RS) < 80% were set to evaluate the severity of hypoplasia. Angular measurements were compared to 0° using one-sample t tests. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between onset ages and both RS and angular measurements. The affected side's skeletal units were smaller. Severe hypoplasia was more common in the angular unit. Angles between Con-Con', Cor-Cor', IAF-IAF', and the occlusal plane were less than 0°, whereas the angle with Go-Go' was greater than 0°. Age of onset was positively correlated with the condylar unit size and the Con-Con' to occlusal plane angle. Patients with PRS affecting mandible exhibit smaller skeletal units on the affected side, particularly in the angular unit. Most landmarks on affected side tend to cluster toward the occlusal plane. Earlier onset of PRS correlates with more pronounced condylar asymmetry. Evaluating the severity of functional units involvement and implementing appropriate treatment should be considered.

Association between condylar surface computed tomography values in the coronal plane and temporomandibular joint disc position in jaw deformity patients: a retrospective study.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between computed tomography (CT) values of the condylar surface in the coronal plane, condylar morphology and the disc positions in the temporomandibular joint (TMJs) in patients with deformities before and after orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The maximum CT values (pixel values) on the condylar surface, condylar thickness, condylar width, condylar angle, condylar height, and joint space were measured. TMJ disc position was classified into five types (anterior type, fully covered type, posterior type, anterior disc displacement with [AW] and without reduction [AWO]), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), before and 1 year after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences between groups and between the pre- and postoperative values. RESULTS: We enrolled 142 TMJs from 71 female patients diagnosed with jaw deformities. Disc position classification did not change after surgery in all TMJ. Significant differences were observed between anterior displacement (AW and AWO) and other types (fully covered type and posterior type) in the lateral CT value and condylar angle before and 1 year after surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a strong relationship between condylar surface CT values in the coronal plane and condylar angle with TMJ disc position classification.

Evaluation of clinical effects of Advansync 2 fixed functional appliance in skeletal Class II malocclusion: A retrospective cephalometric study

To evaluate the treatment effects of AdvancSync 2 in patients of skeletal Class II malocclusion in selected skeletal, dental, soft tissue and airway parameters. Pretreatment and post-functional lateral cephalograms of 12 patients (06 males and 06 females with mean age of 14.25+0.75) with skeletal Class II malocclusion treated using AdvanSync 2 were evaluated. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum intraclass correlation (ICC) test results were calculated.Statistically significant changes were found in skeletal parameters ofSNB, Wits, maxillo-mandibular differential, Björk’s sum, basal plane angle, Sn-GoGn, lower anterior facial height (LAFH), Na-perp-Pog. Changes in dental parameters U1-NA (angular and linear), L1 to NB (angular and linear), U1-SN angle, IMPA, Inter-incisal angle, L1 to A-Pog and U1 to A-Pog were also observed to be statistically significant at T1. Soft tissue skeletal convexity and nasolabial angle improved significantly post treatment, while, statistically significant change was observed only in posterior pharyngeal airway space among the chosen cephalometric airway parameters.Treatment with AdvanSync 2 corrected the Class II malocclusion by producing skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. Soft tissue facial convexity and nasolabial angle improved with treatment. Further, linear dimension of the posterior pharyngeal airway space showed significant improvement with AdvanSync 2 therapy.

Hyperon Production in Bi + Bi Collisions at the Nuclotron-Based Ion Collider Facility and Angular Dependence of Hyperon Spin Polarization

The strange baryon production in Bi + Bi collisions at sNN=9.0 GeV is studied using the PHSD transport model. Hyperon and anti-hyperon yields, transverse momentum spectra, and rapidity spectra are calculated, and their centrality dependence and the effect of rapidity and transverse momentum cuts are studied. The rapidity distributions for Λ¯, Ξ, Ξ¯ baryons are found to be systematically narrower than for Λs. The pT slope parameters for anti-hyperons vary more with centrality than those for hyperons. Restricting the accepted rapidity range to |y|&lt;1 increases the slope parameters by 13–30 MeV, depending on the centrality class and the hyperon mass. Hydrodynamic velocity and vorticity fields are calculated, and the formation of two oppositely rotating vortex rings moving in opposite directions along the collision axis is found. The hyperon spin polarization induced by the medium vorticity within the thermodynamic approach is calculated, and the dependence of the polarization on the transverse momentum and rapidity cuts and on the centrality selection is analyzed. The cuts have stronger effect on the polarization of Λ and Ξ hyperons than on the corresponding anti-hyperons. The polarization signal is maximal for the centrality class, 60–70%. We show that, for the considered hyperon polarization mechanism, the structure of the vorticity field makes an imprint on the polarization signal as a function of the azimuthal angle in the transverse momentum plane, ϕH, cosϕH=px/pT. For particles with positive longitudinal momentum, pz&gt;0, the polarization increases with cosϕH, while for particles with pz&lt;0 it decreases.

Effect of different corrective force directions applied by spinal orthoses on the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

BackgroundSpinal orthoses are commonly prescribed for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), yet their three-dimensional correction was not fully understood. The amount of deformity control largely depends on the corrective forces applied, which remain empirically based due to a lack of consensus on optimal force application. This study investigated the effects of different corrective force directions exerted by spinal orthoses on patients with AIS.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 subjects. The trunk was segmented into four quadrants using coronal and sagittal planes from a top-down perspective. Each left or right posterolateral quadrant (with 90°) was further subdivided into zones 1–4, from the sagittal to coronal planes. Based on the zone where the resultant corrective force direction fell, the subjects were categorized into Group 1 (zone 1), Group 2 (zone 2), Group 3 (zone 3), or Group 4 (zone 4). The direction of the corrective force was estimated using modified models of the subjects’ bodies, designed through a computer-aided design and manufacturing system integral to the orthosis fabrication process. The effects of corrective forces in different zones on scoliotic spine were assessed.ResultsAmong the subjects, 3 were in Group 1, 17 in Group 2, 52 in Group 3, and 6 in Group 4. Due to the limited number of subjects, data from Groups 1 and 4 were not analysed. Groups 2 and 3 showed significant reductions in Cobb angle in the coronal plane and plane of maximum curvature (PMC) following orthosis fitting (p < 0.05). Group 2 displayed a significant decrease > 5º in thoracic kyphosis (p < 0.05). Both Groups 2 and 3 exhibited significant reductions in lumbar lordosis. PMC orientation remained unchanged over time (p > 0.05) but was notably higher in Group 2 after orthosis fitting (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCorrective forces applied by spinal orthoses in zones 2 and 3 effectively controlled lateral curve progression. Notably, only forces in zone 3 neither significantly reduced thoracic kyphosis nor exacerbated the deviation of scoliotic spine from the sagittal plane. Further research is needed to validate and expand upon these results.

Morphometric evaluation of the proximal tibiofibular joint among patients with knee joint pain: A pilot study and literature review

Objectives: The proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) serves as a crucial stabilizing component of the entire knee joint complex. Morphometric analysis of the PTFJ can lead to clinically significant conclusions for orthopedic specialists and physiotherapists. The aim of the study was to assess the values of the inclination angle of the PTFJ in the sagittal and coronal planes using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with knee pain. Material and Methods: Measurements of the inclination angle were conducted on 48 patients divided into three groups: Those with damaged medial meniscus (M), those with knee joint cartilage damage (Ca), and the control group (C), in which no deviations from normality were observed in the analyzed imaging study. Results: The mean values of the tibiofibular joint inclination angle in the frontal plane were as follows: (C) 16.927° ± 1.778; (Ca) 16.822° ± 2.537; (M) 14.958° ± 1.760. In the sagittal plane, the corresponding values were: (C) 38.155° ± 1.524; (Ca) 39.392° ± 1.927; (M) 37.471° ± 1.165. Although the mean tibiofibular joint inclination angle was lowest in the group with medial meniscus injury when compared to the control group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Measuring and observing the variety of PTFJ inclination angles among patients are conducive to better understanding its influence on knee pain. The differences in the PTFJ inclination angle between groups in our pilot study were not statistically significant. Consequently, the study necessitates replication within a substantial population cohort.

The Effect of Arterial Elongation on Isolated Common Iliac Artery Pathologies.

to investigate the effects of vessel geometry on steno-occlusive and dilatative common iliac artery (CIA) pathologies. this single-center, retrospective study included 100 participants, namely 60 participants with a unilateral, isolated CIA pathology who were divided into three pathology-based groups (a stenosis group, n = 20, an occlusion group, n = 20, and an aneurysm group, n = 20) and 40 participants without a CIA pathology (control group). All participants underwent abdominal and pelvic computed tomography angiography. The aortoiliac region of the participants was reconstructed into three-dimensional models. Elongation parameters (tortuosity index (TI) and absolute average curvature (AAC)) and bifurcation parameters (iliac take-off angle, iliac planarity angle, and bifurcation angle) were determined using an in-house-written piece of software. Demographic data, anthropometric data, cardiovascular risk factor data, and medical history data were obtained from participants' electronic health records. The following statistical methods were used: one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, t-tests, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariate linear regression. in the occlusion group, both TI and AAC values were significantly higher on the contralateral side than on the ipsilateral side (both p < 0.001), whereas in the aneurysm group the AAC values were significantly higher on the ipsilateral side than on the contralateral side (p = 0.001). The ipsilateral and contralateral TI and AAC values of the iliac arteries were significantly higher in the aneurysm group than in the other three groups (all p < 0.001). Age significantly affected all of the elongation parameters except for the TI of the infrarenal aorta (all p < 0.010 except the TI of the infrarenal aorta). In addition, the AAC values for the iliac arteries were significantly associated with obesity (ipsilateral iliac artery, p = 0.045; contralateral iliac artery, p = 0.047). Aortic bifurcation parameters did not differ significantly either within each group (ipsilateral versus contralateral side) or between the individual groups. occlusions tend to develop in relatively straight iliac arteries, whereas unilateral, isolated CIA aneurysms are more likely to occur in elongated aortoiliac systems.

Differences in landing biomechanics in the presence of delayed onset muscle soreness following or not active recovery

ObjectiveDelayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can reduce joint range of motion and strength, cause edema, and increase joint stiffness. Here we set out to determine whether quadriceps DOMS followed by an active recovery low-intensity exercise alters jump landing biomechanics. Methods3D landing kinematics, kinetics, and DOMS were evaluated in 26 healthy adults (15 women) performing drop and vertical jump landings before and after a squat protocol to induce quadriceps DOMS. In the presence of DOMS, half of the participants (n = 13) performed a low-intensity exercise for active recovery (10-minute treadmill walking), while the other half (n = 13) did not. Descriptive statistics and generalized estimative equations were applied to determine the effects of DOMS and active recovery on landing kinematics and kinetics. ResultsDOMS decreased knee and ankle flexion angles and increased knee and ankle frontal plane angles during vertical jumps. DOMS elicited a longer time to reach peak ground reaction force during drop jumps. Low-intensity exercise for active recovery reduced DOMS perception but did not alter the biomechanics of landing. ConclusionDOMS changes landing strategy. However, including a low-intensity exercise for active recovery before landing practice did not change the kinematics and kinetics of landing.

Study on instability mechanisms and control of coal pillar spalling and coal crumbs leakage during working face crossing faults

The stability of coal pillars in fault areas is crucial for ensuring the safe passage of working faces. Based on field observations, frequent coal pillar spalling and substantial tectonic coal crumbs leakage, as well as tilting of hydraulic supports, are observed when working faces transition from primary coal to tectonic coal. To analyze the instability mechanisms behind these phenomena, this paper establishes a mechanical model of coal pillars in fault areas and analyzes the distribution of tectonic stresses and factors affecting the stability of coal pillars. The results indicate that horizontal tectonic stress adheres to an exponential function dependent on the angle factor, where (k0) is a parameter associated with the friction angle of the coal body, the dip angle of the fault, and the friction angle of the fault plane. The stability of coal pillars is influenced by factors such as roof and floor pressures, coal pillar integrity, mining height, and shield support force, with coal pillar integrity being the most critical. To ensure the smooth passage of working faces through faults, this study proposes a combined control technique of “inclined mining” and “grouting,” including reducing mining heights, adjusting the slope of working face advancement, and pre-grouting of coal pillars. Industrial experiments conducted on-site have shown improved integrity of tectonic coal, enabling the working face to pass through faults smoothly and significantly increasing production efficiency.

Digital Cephalometric Analysis: Unveiling the Role and Reliability of Semi-automated OneCeph, Artificial Intelligence-Powered WebCeph Mobile App, and Semi-automated Computer-Aided NemoCeph Software in Orthodontic Practice.

Background Cephalometric analysis is essential in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. With the emergence of digital tools for cephalometric analysis such as OneCeph, WebCeph, and NemoCeph, there is growing interest in their reliability compared to traditional manual tracings. This study aimed to compare the reliability of these digital tools with manual tracings in doing cephalometric analysis. Methodology Cephalometric radiographs from a diverse patient population were analyzed using OneCeph (NXS, Hyderabad, India), WebCeph (AssembleCircle Corp., Republic of Korea), NemoCeph (Nemotec, Madrid, Spain), and manual tracings by experienced orthodontists. Interobserver reliability and agreement with manual tracings were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The comparison of cephalometric measurements using the four methods - manual, OneCeph, WebCeph, and NemoCeph - revealed significant differences in the Sella-Nasion to Point A angle (SNA) (P = 0.002) and angle of difference between Sella-Nasion to Point A angleand Sella-Nasion to Point B angle(ANB) (P<0.001). Specifically, WebCeph produced significantly higher SNA measurements than manual tracing, while NemoCeph, OneCeph, and WebCeph yielded higher ANB measurements than manual tracing. There were no significant differences in other measurements, including Sella-Nasion to Point B angle (SNB), Nasion to Point A (N to Pt A), Nasion to Point B (N to Pt B), Gonion-Gnathion to Sella-Nasion angle (Go-Gn to SN), Lower Anterior Facial Height (LAFH), Y-axis (growth axis angle), facial axis, the sum of posterior measurements, and various angular and linear distances [1 to NA, 1 to SN, 1 to NB, 1 to Apog, Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle (IMPA), Sella to Upper Lip (S to UL), and Sella to Lower Lip (S to LL)]. The reliability analysis indicated a strong internal consistencywith Cronbach's α values of 0.811 for manual vs. NemoCeph, 0.859 for manual vs. OneCeph, and 0.861 for manual vs. WebCeph, and good agreement in the ICC(P<0.001). Conclusion OneCeph, WebCeph, and NemoCeph demonstrate promising reliability for cephalometric analysis. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, considering the limitations of digital tools. Ongoing research and collaboration among developers, researchers, and clinicians are essential to validate these the performance of these tools and improve their clinical applicability.

Comparative Computer-Aided Analysis of Three-Dimensional Carpal Alignment in Scapholunate Advanced Collapse and Healthy Wrists

Scapholunate dissociation frequently results in malalignment and scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). Previous analyses have relied on visual observations of carpal angles among the scaphoid, lunate, and capitate on lateral radiographs. However, the 3-dimensional carpal alignment during SLAC progression remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze 3-dimensional carpal malalignment in SLAC wrists. Using computer-aided cone-beam computed tomography analysis software based on segmentation and numerical modeling, we defined three-dimensional carpal axes and examined alignment and carpal height ratio in 18 SLAC wrists along the radial coordinate (positive in palmar and ulnar directions). These results were compared with previously reported normal alignment values obtained from 121 healthy wrists. In the sagittal plane, mean scapholunate, lunotriquetral, lunocapitate, and capitometacarpal angles were -100° (SD, 11°); 20° (SD, 11°); 7° (SD, 12°); and 18° (SD, 8°); respectively, whereas the angles were -58° (SD, 9°); 12° (SD, 8°); -17°(SD, 11°); and 8° (SD, 6°); respectively, in healthy wrists. The sagittal scapholunate angle exhibited the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.999), with a threshold value of ≤-76°, indicating pathology. In the coronal plane, the carpal alignment of SLAC wrists remained unchanged, excluding a minimal ulnar tilt of the capitate. Carpal malalignment in SLAC wrists not only affects the radio- and midcarpal joints, but also extends to the third carpometacarpal joint, with malalignment evident in both the sagittal and coronal planes. In SLAC wrists, the sagittal lunotriquetral angle increases in the positive direction, due to the lunate angulating more than the triquetrum. These findings have potential to contribute to the development of computer-aided diagnostic tools for 3-dimensional imaging technology. In the future, such tools could highlight abnormal values and minimize diagnostic errors in clinical practice.

Intrusion Of Maxillary Anterior Teeth: A Comparative Clinical Study Between Mini-Implants And Utility Arch

Background: Deep bite is a common orthodontic malocclusion caused by factors like incisor supra-occlusion, molar infra-occlusion, or incisor angulation. Nonsurgical correction of deep bite involves extrusion of posterior teeth, intrusion of incisors, or both. Extrusion of posterior teeth in growing patients provides stable results due to secondary remodelling. In patients with deep bite and excessive gingival display, intrusion of incisors is typically required which can be accomplished using intrusion arches or mini-implants. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 subjects with an anterior deep bite (overbite &gt;4mm) with excessive incisal display at rest and at smile were taken. Participants were evenly allocated into two groups based on their gingival display. Group I included five participants with less than 4 mm of gingival display, who received treatment using Rickett’s intrusion utility arch. Group II consisted of five subjects with more than 4 mm of gingival display, who were treated with two anterior mini-implants. Lateral cephalograms were utilized to evaluate maxillary anterior intrusion at two specific time points: Pre-treatment (T1) and following a 6-month interval (T2). Results: The amount of bite opening in both groups was comparable, however the amount of incisor intrusion was greater with mini-implants than with the utility arch. The utility arch group showed significantly greater labial tipping (P&lt;0.01) and increased overjet (P&lt;0.05) compared to the mini-implant group. The distance between the maxillary first molar (U6) and palatal plane (PP) significantly increased with the utility arch but decreased with mini-implants. The mandibular plane angle (GoGn-Sn) increased with the utility arch and decreased with mini-implants; however, the difference was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Deep bite correction with intrusion utility arch occurs through incisor intrusion, incisor flaring, and molar extrusion, whereas with mini-implants, bite opening mainly occurs through incisor intrusion, making it an efficient alternative in cases where dental side effects such as incisor flaring and molar extrusion are undesirable.

Gait Speed and Task-Specificity in Predicting Lower-Limb Kinematics: A Deep Learning Approach Using Inertial Sensors

ObjectiveTo develop a deep-learning framework to predict lower-limb joint kinematics from IMU data across multiple gait tasks (walking, jogging, and running) and evaluate the impact of dynamic time warping (DTW) on reducing prediction errors. Patients and MethodsData were collected from 18 participants fitted with IMUs and an optical motion capture (OMC) system between May 25, 2023, to May 30, 2023. A long-short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder supervised regression model was developed. The model consisted of multiple LSTM and convolution layers. Acceleration and gyroscope data from the IMUs in three axes and their magnitude for the proximal and distal sensors of each joint (hip, knee, ankle) were inputs to the model. OMC kinematics were considered ground truth and used as an output to train the prediction model. ResultsThe deep-learning models achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 6° for hip, knee, and ankle joint sagittal plane angles, with the ankle showing the lowest error (5.1°). Task-specific models demonstrated enhanced performance during certain gait phases, such as knee flexion during running. The application of DTW significantly reduced RMSE across all tasks by at least 3-4°. External validation of independent data confirmed the model’s generalizability. ConclusionOur findings underscore the potential of IMU-based deep-learning models for joint kinematic predictions, offering a practical solution for remote and continuous biomechanical assessments in healthcare and sports science.

A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MANDIBLE AND CONDYLAR POSITION IN PATIENTS WITH CLASS II DIV 2 INCISOR PATTERN AFTER ALIGNMENT AND LEVELLING PHASE- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the changes in mandible and condylar position in between pre and post alignment of maxillary arch in patients with class II div 2 incisor pattern. Material and Method: CBCT and lateral cephalogram of 13 subjects of class II div 2 incisor pattern were taken in maximum dental intercuspation with the FH plane parallel to the floor. Dolphin Imaging 11.95 premium software was used to make all the tracings and measurements. All subjects were treated by non-extraction orthodontic therapy and were analyzed at two points of time i.e pre-treatment and post-levelling and alignment of maxillary arch. Angular and linear measurements were analyzed (5 CBCT parameters and 7 Lateral cephalogram parameters) in both vertical and horizontal plane. Result: With the increase of inclination of upper incisors and opening bite, a statistically significant positional change was noted in the condylar position both in the vertical and sagittal directions. Statistically significant increase was also observed in effective mandibular length and mandibular plane angle. Conclusion: Better condylar position and mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies associated with class II div 2 malocclusion can be addressed only by correcting the maxillary labial segment.