Anger Scores Research Articles

Comparison of Quality of Life Outcomes and Psychosocial Functioning Between Patients Undergoing Myeloablative or Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myeloid Malignancies

Abstract 843Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) following reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) compared to myeloablative conditioning (MAC) results in less treatment related morbidity and mortality. RIC permits older and less healthy patients (pts) to undergo Allo-HSCT. Whether RIC is also associated with better quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial functioning (PF) among pts with myeloid malignancies has not been systematically analyzed. We prospectively collected QOL and PF outcomes in 192 consecutive pts with AML (n=130), MDS (n=52), or myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=10) who received MAC (n=154) or RIC (n=38) Allo-HSCT from 2004 to 2010. Psychometric data were assessed longitudinally (at baseline, post-transplant, day100, 180, and 365) by validated questionnaires (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- Bone Marrow Transplant Scale [FACT-BMT], coping inventory [Brief COPE], and Profile of Mood States Short Form [POMS]). FACT-BMT consisted of individual and summary scores for physical (PWB), social (SWB), emotional (EWB), functional (FWB) well-being along with additional concerns (AC). Brief COPE has 14 components such as use of emotional and instrumental support, venting, positive reframing etc. POMS consisted of 6 components such as depression, vigor, anger etc. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), incidence of acute (aGVHD) and chronic (cGVHD) graft vs. host disease. QOL and PF differences were compared between transplant types over time by repeated measures analysis of variance. Adjustment for baseline differences in QOL and PF was made in mixed linear model analysis. Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence methods were used for analyses of secondary endpoints. RIC and MAC patients were comparable (all p>0.1) for gender, race, hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index, number of prior chemotherapies, donor relation, length of follow up. Differences between RIC and MAC groups (all p<0.001) were detected for median age at transplant (61 for RIC vs. 48 yrs for MAC), stem cell (SC) source (95% peripheral SC in RIC vs. 19% in MAC), TBI-containing preparative regimen (95% for RIC vs. 24% for MAC), CD34+ dose (5.2 for RIC vs. 2.2 ×106/kg for MAC), GVHD prophylaxis. RIC pts had shorter median time-to-neutrophil (11 vs. 15 days, p<0.001) and -platelet (12 vs. 21 days, p<0.001) recovery. There was no baseline QOL difference between RIC and MAC according to FACT-BMT. RIC pts had better baseline scores for anger, emotional support use, venting, and positive reframing (all p<0.05). As compared to MAC, pts with RIC had superior QOL scores post-transplant, i.e FWB (up to day 180, p<0.01), AC (up to day 100, p<0.05), and summary (up to day 100, p<0.05) despite the absence of baseline differences. FWB advantage of RIC remained significant up to half a year (p<0.05) in mixed linear model analysis adjusted for baseline differences. RIC pts had better depression (p<0.01) and anger (p<0.01) scores post-discharge after controlling for baseline differences. In adjusted analysis of COPE, RIC pts had better positive reframing (p=0.02) and use of instrumental support (p=0.02) during early post-transplant follow up. All QOL and PF metrics equalized between RIC and MAC by post-transplant day365 (all p>0.1). With a median follow up of 34 months, there were no differences between RIC and MAC in incidence of aGVHD or cGVHD, RFS, or OS (all p>0.3). In conclusion, our prospective study provides further evidence on overall comparable clinical, QOL and PF outcomes between RIC and MAC and it is the first to demonstrate significant early advantage of RIC in certain QOL and PF metrics up to 180 days post-transplant across all three psychometric instruments. [Display omitted] Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Anger scale and anger types of patients with fifth metacarpal neck fracture.

The aim of this study was to investigate aggressive and angry behavior in patients with fifth metacarpal neck fracture and to analyze the anger management style of these patients and their response to psychological support. This study included 30 patients (mean age: 24.8 years) who presented to the emergency room with fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck and 30 healthy control subjects (mean age: 28.7 years). All subjects were evaluated with the Spielberger state-trait anger scale and the 30 subjects with the fifth metacarpal neck fractures completed the Turkish version of Barratt impulsiveness scale and semi-structured data form to assess anger level before the trauma and willingness to receive psychological support. In the metacarpal fracture group, 60% of injuries were caused by hitting the hand against a wall and 40% by hitting the hand in a fight. The non-planning impulsiveness score of Barratt impulsiveness scale was higher in the injured group. There was no significant difference between the Spielberger state-trait anger scores of the injured and control groups. High scores in the subsection that measures impulsiveness that requires attention were found in 82% of patients. Impulsive anger behavior is a common cause for fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck. Patients with these types of injuries often have difficulty controlling and directing their anger and often refuse psychiatric support. We believe that the hand surgeon should focus on the psycho-social problems of patients, and if necessary patients should be treated by a psychiatrist to prevent late psychopathologies for health promotion.

General and maladaptive traits and anger in a combined forensic psychiatric and general population sample

The present study examines the associations between anger and general and maladaptive traits in a combined forensic psychiatric and community sample of men. Thirty-four male forensic psychiatric patients and 219 men from the general population completed the Novaco Anger Scale (NAS; Novaco, 1994), the NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992), the ADP-IV (Schotte & De Doncker, 1994) and the VKP (Duijsens, Haringsma, & EurelingsBontekoe, 1999) at two measurement occasions with a one-year interval. The results of a series of multiple regression analyses showed that general and maladaptive traits accounted for a substantial amount of variance in anger scores. Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Externalizing traits were most prominent in the prediction of anger, while Conscientiousness was acting as a suppressor variable in the regression models. Strengths and limitations of the present study and implications for further research and clinical practice are discussed.

체질특성과 화병의 상관관계에 대한 연구 - 화병역학연구 자료에 기반하여 -

Objectives : The aim of this study was to find correlations between characteristics of Four constitution and Hwa-byung. Methods : Clinical data were collected from Hwa-byung Epidemiologic study data. we selected 130 self-labelled Hwa-byung patients data and 83 of them were diagnosed as Hwa-byung by SCID. We used Hwa-byung SCID, Hwa-byung scale, CES-D, STAI, STAXI and Personality and Physiological Symptom Questionnaire(PPSQ) as evaluation tools. We performed statistical analysis of each 2 groups, self-labelled Hwa-byung group(N=130) and diagnosed Hwa-byung group(N=83). Results : 1. In self-labelled Hwa-byung group, Greater yin score showed significant negative correlation with 3 indices of Hwa-byung scale and significant positive correlation with 1 index. Lesser yin score showed significant positive correlation with 6 indices. In diagnosed Hwa-byung group, Greater yin score showed significant negaitive correlation with 5 indices. In both groups, Lesser yang score showed no significant correlation with any indices of Hwa-byung scale. 2. In self-labelled Hwa-byung group, Greater yin score showed significant negative correlation with both trait anger score and state anger score of STAXI. Lesser yin score showed significant positive correlation with trait anxiety score, state anxiety score and CES-D score self-labelled Hwa-byung group. Lesser yang score showed significant positive correlation with anger-out score of STAXI. But Lesser yin score showed significant negative correlation with same index diagnosed Hwa-byung group. Conclusions : 1. The higher Greater yin score, suppression or denial, psychological defense mechanism, become more stronger. 2. The higher Lesser yin score, anger-out tendency become more weakened and increased prevalence of Hwa-byung symptoms. 3. The higher Lesser yang score, anger-out tendency become more stronger.

Effects Of Walking Exercise On The Posture Control And Mental Condition During Pregnancy

In pregnant women, the standing posture changes as the fetus develops. Increased loading on the lumbar spine and abdominal muscles causes a shift of the head position in the posterior direction and increases the lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt. These changes in body alignment will influence the control of standing posture. Also, mental states including anxiety also influence the sensory organization and motor control for postural balance. PURPOSE: The present study investigated the influences of walking exercise on postural control and mental condition during pregnancy. METHODS: Control group (n=6, age 28.5±5.4yrs, 21-26 weeks) and walking group (n=9, age 31.7±5.6yrs, 18-26 weeks) pregnant women subjects participated in this study. Body composition of the subjects was measured by bio-impedance method. After that, the grip strength, aerobic capacity test (3 minutes walking test) of all subjects were measured. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) of ground reaction forces were recorded at a frequency of 50 Hz while the subjects were standing still on a portable gravicorder for 30 seconds, and the total length of COP displacements (LNG) was calculated. The walking group pregnant women subjects were performed four or five times a week for 12 weeks to walking 20 to 30 minutes once. Before and after 12 weeks, the psychological state was investigated by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire RESULTS: Body weight was significantly increased in both control (8.5%) and walking group (12.5%) after 12 weeks. Estimated skeletal muscle mass has increased significantly in the walking group (pre; 35.0±1.9kg, post; 36.8±1.6kg, p<0.01), however, the control group did not change. In comparison with the control group, the walking group were significantly decreased in LNG (33.9±7.6 vs. 24.9±6.6cm, p<0.05). Of the POMS scores, that for Anger decreased after the 12 weeks in walking group (44.4±4.56 vs. 40.1±2.7cm, p<0.05), however, the control group did not change. There was a significant negative correlation between LNG and Anger score of POMS (r=-0.787, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that walking improves posture control and mental condition during pregnancy. The present study suggest that regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy appears to improve (or maintain) physical and mental fitness.

Lamotrigine improves aggression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Aggression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may have phenomenological and neurobiological heterogeneity. In the present study, we targeted patients with TLE who showed aggression and evaluated the effects of lamotrigine on this symptom using the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), which is based on a four-factor model that includes Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Anger, and Hostility. As compared with the healthy control subjects ( n = 115), patients with TLE (n = 21) had significantly higher BAQ Total, Physical Aggression, Anger, and Hostility scores. Ten weeks after initiation of lamotrigine, the BAQ Total and Anger scores of the patients with TLE were significantly improved. However, the patients with TLE in this study did not exhibit depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that lamotrigine mitigates aggression, especially anger, which represents the emotional factor of aggression in the BAQ.

Childhood facial emotion recognition and psychosis-like symptoms in a nonclinical population at 12 years of age: Results from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Introduction. Nonclinical psychotic symptoms (for example, low intensity or low frequency psychotic symptoms such as ideas of reference or single word auditory hallucinations) are common in adolescents and may be associated with an increased risk of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood. Those at high risk of developing a psychotic disorder appear to perform poorly on facial emotion recognition tasks but the relationship between facial emotion recognition and nonclinical “psychosis like symptoms” (PLIKS) in children is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between childhood facial emotion recognition and PLIKS in adolescents. Methods. Longitudinal study using a large birth cohort. 6455 subjects completed a semistructured clinical assessment for psychotic symptoms (the PLIKSi) at the mean age of 12.9 (SD=0.23). Facial emotion recognition (using the DANVA) was previously assessed at the age of 8 in the cohort. Results. There was no increase in odds of reporting any PLIKS either in relation to the total score on the measure of facial emotion recognition or for the individual emotion scores of fear, sadness, anger, and happiness. Similar results were also found when examining more intense and/or more frequently experienced psychotic symptoms. Conclusions. Deficits in facial emotion recognition in 8-year-olds do not appear to predict later reporting of nonclinical psychotic symptoms in early adolescence. The results do not support the proposal that recognition of emotion is a trait phenomenon in those individuals at increased risk for psychosis. However, further research is warranted in older children/adolescents when more subtle emotion recognition deficits can be investigated.

Using initiative to provide clinical intervention groups in prison: a process evaluation

We present a process evaluation of a new anger control intervention within an urban remand prison in London, UK. An anger control group was created and run as an extension of the prison in-reach healthcare team, in order to meet the needs of prisoners. We evaluate the aims of the intervention, therapeutic methodology, administrative process, and post-intervention outcomes. We report change in anger scores (State Trait Anger Expression Inventory; STAXI-II), showing how a service of this type might deliver important benefits. Through the use of a focus group with the clinicians who ran the service, we have reflected on this process to inform the evaluation.We conclude that anger management may have a useful role in remand prisons, not just for violent offenders, but as part of a wider public health agenda. Resources for new prison healthcare groups are scarce, particularly in urban remand prisons, and clinicians may have to collaborate with other teams to provide a range of interventions. Following the expressed needs of the prisoner population promotes a strong uptake of clients. Prison health services operate within a complex and environment which restricts healthcare teams’ ability to run groups. We provide recommendations on overcoming potential barriers to care.

An Analysis of Anger in Adolescent Girls Who Practice the Martial Arts

The effect of martial arts on adolescents' behavior, especially aggression, is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess and compare anger ratings among adolescent girl athletes of different martial arts. 291 female adolescents between the ages of 11 and 19 were assessed according to the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale designed by DM Burney. In the case group, the martial arts practiced were either judo (n = 70) or karate (n = 66), while the control group was composed of swimmers (n = 59) and nonathletes (n = 96). Total anger scores showed statistically significant differences between the groups (P = 0.001) decreasing from girls who practiced judo to nonathletes, karate, and swimmers. Instrumental and reactive anger subscales also showed significant differences between the groups, but this difference was not found for anger control. As a conclusion, the anger rate did not differ between judoka and nonathletes, but that both of these groups received higher scores in total anger than karateka and swimmers.

Anger and cardiovascular startle reactivity in normotensive young males

Anger has been implicated in the etiology of hypertensive disease. Trait anger has been linked to enhanced cardiovascular responsiveness. However, whether this association reflects differences in context appraisal or a general hyper-reactivity of the cardiovascular system remains unclear. We studied the cardiovascular response to acoustic startle probes in 76 healthy Caucasian males in different affective contices (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant). All participants completed the State-Trait-Anger-Expression-Inventory (STAXI) by Spielberger and the results were analysed with stepwise regression analysis according to the anger scores and traditional risk factors for hypertension. Our study reveals differential modulation of the cardiovascular response to startle stimuli by affective pictures in the dimensions “valence” for heart rate and “arousal” for blood pressure. Anger-in was identified as the most important determinant for blood pressure responses in unpleasant context, while anger-out was associated with less cardiovascular activation in neutral context. This is the first study that relates trait anger to cardiovascular reactivity and affective reflex modulation in normotensive subjects. We could demonstrate an interaction of affective context and trait anger for cardiovascular (hyper-)reactivity. Increased cardiovascular reactivity for higher scores of anger-in in unpleasant context may indicate enhanced sympathetic reactivity and constitute a risk factor for the development of essential hypertension.

Interaction of anger with anxiety and responses to emotional facial expressions

In this study, effects of interaction of anger with anxiety on the perception of emotional facial expressions and associated with this perception oscillatory dynamics of cortical responses elicited by presentation of angry, neutral, and happy faces were investigated. Subjects filled out the Buss–Perry aggression scales and the Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Anxiety moderated the effect of anger both on estimates of angry and happy faces and on face presentation-related spectral perturbations. In the low anxiety group, anger scores were positively related to the extent of face presentation-related theta synchronization. In the high anxiety group this effect was not significant. The results are discussed in light of Corr’s “joint subsystems” hypothesis ( Corr, 2002).

Assessing the effectiveness of a large database of emotion-eliciting films: A new tool for emotion researchers

Using emotional film clips is one of the most popular and effective methods of emotion elicitation. The main goal of the present study was to develop and test the effectiveness of a new and comprehensive set of emotional film excerpts. Fifty film experts were asked to remember specific film scenes that elicited fear, anger, sadness, disgust, amusement, tenderness, as well as emotionally neutral scenes. For each emotion, the 10 most frequently mentioned scenes were selected and cut into film clips. Next, 364 participants viewed the film clips in individual laboratory sessions and rated each film on multiple dimensions. Results showed that the film clips were effective with regard to several criteria such as emotional discreteness, arousal, positive and negative affect. Finally, ranking scores were computed for 24 classification criteria: Subjective arousal, positive and negative affect (derived from the PANAS; Watson & Tellegen, 1988), a positive and a negative affect scores derived from the Differential Emotions Scale (DES; Izard et al., 1974), six emotional discreteness scores (for anger, disgust, sadness, fear, amusement and tenderness), and 15 “mixed feelings” scores assessing the effectiveness of each film excerpt to produce blends of specific emotions. In addition, a number of emotionally neutral film clips were also validated. The database and editing instructions to construct the film clips have been made freely available in a website.

Test of a Clinical Model of Drinking and Suicidal Risk

There are few data on the role of drinking patterns in suicidal thoughts or behavior among alcohol-dependent individuals (ADIs) and meager data on variables that may influence the role of drinking in suicidal thoughts and behavior. This study tested a heuristic model that predicts that drinking promotes suicidal thoughts and behavior, the association is mediated (accounted for) by depressive symptoms, and that anger moderates (increases) the risk associated with intense drinking. Data from Project MATCH, a multisite alcohol use disorders treatment trial, were analyzed using structural equation modeling. There were 1,726 participants including 24% women and a mean age of 40.2 ± 11.0 years. Subjects were assessed at baseline and at 3-, 9-, and 15-month follow-up. Two categorical measures (presence/absence) of suicidal ideation (SI) were used that were analyzed in separate models. Predictors of interest were continuous assessments of average drinking intensity (i.e., drinks per drinking day or DDD), drinking frequency (i.e., percent days abstinent or PDA), depression, and anger. Both DDD and PDA were associated with SI at a statistically significant level, with PDA showing an inverse association. Depression scores served as a partial mediator or a full mediator of the drinking-SI relationship depending on the measure of SI used in the analysis. The models testing anger scores as a moderator fit the data poorly and did not support that anger serves as a moderator of the drinking-SI association. Greater drinking intensity and drinking frequency predict SI among ADIs and depression serves as a mediator of these associations, but anger does not appear to serve as a moderator. Further research is required to clarify whether depression serves as a partial or full mediator and to see whether the results herein extend to suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide attempt, suicide).

Do patient's get angrier following STN, GPi, and thalamic deep brain stimulation

Objective The objective of the study was to examine whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the globus pallidus internus (GPi), and/or the ventralis intermedius thalamic nucleus (Vim) was associated with making patients angrier pre to post-surgical intervention. Background Secondary outcome analysis of the NIH COMPARE Parkinson's Disease DBS trial revealed that participants were angrier and had more mood and cognitive side effects following DBS. Additionally blinded on/off analysis did not change anger scores. The sample size was small but suggested that STN DBS may have been worse than GPi in provoking anger. We endeavored to examine this question utilizing a larger dataset (the UF INFORM database), and also we included a third surgical target (Vim), which has been utilized for a different disease, essential tremor. Methods Consecutive patients from the University of Florida Movement Disorders Center who were implanted with unilateral DBS for Parkinson's disease (STN or GPi) or essential tremor (Vim) were included. Patients originally implanted at outside institutions were excluded. Pre-operative and 4- to 6-month post-operative Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS) scores for all three groups were compared; additionally, pre-operative and 1- to 3-month scores were compared for STN and GPi patients. A linear regression model was utilized to analyze the relationship between the VAMS anger score and the independent variables of age, years with symptoms, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, handedness, ethnicity, gender, side of surgery, target of surgery, baseline Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) total score, baseline Beck Depression Index (BDI) score, micro- and macroelectrode passes, and years of education. Levodopa equivalent dosages and dopamine agonist use were analyzed for a potential impact on anger scores. Results A total of 322 unilateral DBS procedures were analyzed, with STN ( n = 195), Vim ( n = 71), and GPi ( n = 56) making up the cohort. An ANOVA was used to detect significant differences among the three targets in the changes pre- to post-operatively. Similar to the COMPARE dataset, at 4 months, the only subscore of VAMS to reveal a significant difference between the three targets was the angry subscore, with GPi revealing a mean (standard) change of 2.38 (9.53); STN, 4.82 (14.52); and Vim, −1.17 (11.51) ( p = 0.012). At 1–3 months post-operation, both STN and GPi groups were significantly angrier ( p = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, GPi patients were significantly more confused as compared to STN patients ( p = 0.016). The linear regression model which sought independent explanatory variables revealed a relationship between the VAMS anger score and the surgical target and the disease duration. The mean changes for STN and GPi DBS pre- to post-operation were 11.67 ( p = 0.001) and 8.21 ( p = 0.022) units more than those with Vim, respectively. For every year added of disease duration, the VAMS anger score increased by 0.24 ( p = 0.022). For the GPi and STN groups, number of microelectrode passes was significantly associated with angry score changes ( p = 0.014), with the anger score increasing 2.29 units per microelectrode pass. Independent variables not associated with the VAMS anger score included the surgery side, handedness, gender, ethnicity, education, age at surgery, MMSE, DRS, and BDI scores. Although the STN group significantly decreased in LED when compared to GPi, there was no relationship to anger scores. Similarly, dopamine agonist use was not different between STN and GPi groups and did not correlate with the VAMS anger score changes. Conclusions STN and GPi DBS for Parkinson's disease were associated with significantly higher anger scores pre- to post-DBS as compared to Vim for essential tremor. Anger score changes in STN and GPi patients seem to be associated with microelectrode passes, suggesting that it may be a lesional effect. PD patients with longer disease duration may be particularly susceptible, and this should be kept in mind when discussing the potential of DBS surgery for an individual patient. Essential tremor patients who on average have much longer disease durations did not get angrier. The changes in anger scores were not related to LED change or dopamine agonist use. Whether the induction of anger is disease-specific or target-specific is not currently known; however, our data would suggest that PD patients implanted in STN or GPi are at a potential risk. Finally, on closer inspection of the COMPARE DBS data, VAMS anger scores did not change on or off DBS, suggesting that anger changes may be more of a lesional effect rather than a stimulation induced one (Okun et al., 2009).

Dynamic changes in anger, externalizing and internalizing problems: attention and regulation

Low levels of dispositional anger and a good attention span are critical to healthy social emotional development, with attention control reflecting effective cognitive self-regulation of negative emotions such as anger. Using a longitudinal design, we examined attention span as a moderator of reciprocal links between changes in anger and changes in externalizing and internalizing problems from 4.5 to 11 years of age. Participants were children from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), assessed four times between 4.5 and 11 years. Composite scores for anger and attention were computed using indicators from multiple informants. Externalizing and internalizing problems were reported by mothers. Latent difference score analysis showed reciprocal lagged effects between increased anger and elevated levels of externalizing or internalizing problems. Significant moderating effects of attention indicated more persistent effects of anger on externalizing problems in the poor attention group. Although the poor and the good attention groups did not differ regarding the effects of anger on internalizing problems, significant moderating effects of attention indicated stronger and more persistent reciprocal effects of internalizing problems on anger in the poor attention group. Attention control mechanisms are involved in self-regulation of anger and its connections with changes in behavioral and emotional problems. Strong attention regulation may serve to protect children with higher levels of dispositional anger from developing behavioral and emotional problems in middle childhood.

Association of temperament with subjective sleep patterns

Background Emotional and cognitive functioning have been involved in insomnia etiology, and sleep disturbances are closely related to psychiatric disorders and personality traits. This study investigates the association of temperament with subjective sleep parameters. Methods In this web-survey, 5129 subjects (25.3% males) completed the Combined Emotional and Affective Temperament Scale (CEATS), which assesses emotional (fear, anger, drive and control) and affective (e.g. cyclothymic, hyperthymic) temperaments. Subjects also answered questions regarding subjective sleep parameters, psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication intake and cigarette smoking. Results As control scores decreased, the later were the bed and the wake up time. Total sleep time was weakly associated with emotional temperaments. The higher the score of anger and the lower the score of control, the higher was the sleep-onset latency. As the anger score increased and the drive, fear and control scores decreased, the higher the number of nightly awakenings. The higher the drive and the control and the lower the anger scores, the better the sleep quality. For affective temperaments, depressives, labiles (related to ADHD) and cyclothymics (related to bipolar II disorders) go to bed and wake up later and have a worse profile regarding other sleep parameters. Hyperthymics and euthymics showed favorable sleep profiles. Limitations Sample included a significant number of subjects with psychiatric diseases and on psychotropic medication. Conclusion Dysregulated emotional activation (expressed as higher anger, and lower control and drive), as well as depressive, labile and cyclothymic affective temperaments were related to more dysfunctional sleep patterns.

Mood Profile of an America's Cup Team

To describe the mood profile of an America's Cup sailing team during competition and to evaluate the influence of previous injuries occurrence and intensity of physical work on the boat upon mood state. Relationships between mood domains and metabolic markers of muscle damage were also investigated. A descriptive study was conducted on an America's Cup yachting race crew comprising 21 male sailors (mean +/- SD; age = 27.6 +/- 8.5 yr, weight = 89.3 +/- 24.9 kg, BMI = 26.5 +/- 6.9 kg x m(-2)). All measurements were collected during the Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 in Valencia, Spain. The POMS test and creatine kinase (CK) serum activity were measured and correlated. Sailors were grouped according to their presence or absence of previous musculoskeletal injuries (MI) and the intensity of physical work related to boat position: high intensity (HI) and low intensity (LI). According to normative data, pre- and postracing POMS scores were constantly high with prominent anger (24.2 +/- 9 before and 24.9 +/- 10.1 after the race) and depression (22.7 +/- 8.9 before and 20.6 +/- 7.3 after the race). The HI group displayed unchanged anger scores but showed significant differences compared with the LI group (z = -2.07, P = 0.038, mu2 = 0.22) at the end of the competition. The occurrence of a previous injury did not correlate with any interference with mood. Only the fatigue domain before racing had a significant negative correlation with CK levels (r = -0.509, P < 0.05). The emotional profile of this America's Cup yachting crew showed stable mood scores with high values in anger and depression compared with normative data. Mood was dependent on physical work intensity related to boat position but not on injury occurrence. Enzyme markers of muscle damage had no bearing on most POMS domains, except for fatigue before racing.

Anger, Suppressed Anger, and Risk of Adverse Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Anger is associated with cardiovascular stress reactivity; however, little is known about the effect of suppressed anger in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined whether patients with CAD who suppress their anger are at risk of adverse events. At baseline, 644 patients with CAD completed measures of anger, anger-in (reluctance to express anger), and Type D personality (tendency to experience distress and to be inhibited). The combination of high anger and anger-in scores was used to identify the presence of suppressed anger. The end points were major adverse cardiac events (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) and cardiac death/myocardial infarction. After an average follow-up of 6.3 years (range 5 to 10), 126 patients (20%) had experienced a major adverse cardiac event, and 59 (9%) had experienced cardiac death or myocardial infarction. Anger (p = 0.009) and suppressed anger (p = 0.011) were associated with future major adverse cardiac events, but these associations were no longer significant after adjustment for clinical characteristics. However, suppressed anger remained associated with the more rigorous end point of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (odds ratio 2.87, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 7.15, p = 0.024) after controlling for decreased systolic function, poor exercise tolerance, extent of CAD, and revascularization. Anger alone was not independently associated with this end point. Patients with a Type D personality had a fourfold rate of suppressed anger, and an adjustment for a Type D personality attenuated the observed association between suppressed anger and adverse cardiac events. In conclusion, patients with CAD who suppress their anger were at increased risk of adverse cardiac events, and this was accounted for by individual differences in Type D personality.

Childhood Abuse Is Associated With Adiposity in Midlife Women: Possible Pathways Through Trait Anger and Reproductive Hormones

To examine the association between childhood abuse/neglect and central adiposity and obesity in a sample of 311 women (n = 106 black, 205 white) from the Pittsburgh site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). SWAN included a baseline measurement of women in midlife (mean age = 45.7 years) and eight follow-up visits during which waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire retrospectively assessed emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect in childhood. Analyses of covariance showed that women with a history of any abuse/neglect, and specifically physical and sexual abuse, had significantly higher WC and BMI at baseline than women with no abuse history. A significant interaction between abuse and BMI showed that among women with BMI of <30, any abuse/neglect and certain subtypes of abuse predicted greater increases in WC over time. Additional analyses showed that Trait Anger scores and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) attenuated cross-sectional relationships between abuse/neglect and WC and BMI. This study suggests that abused/neglected women seem to have greater anger and lower levels of SHBG, which are associated with adiposity in midlife.

Influencia de las Emociones Negativas (Ansiedad, Depresión e Ira) sobre la Eficacia de un Programa de Tratamiento Cognitivo Conductual de Deshabituación al Tabaco

The main goal of this research is to analyze the influence of anxiety, anger and depression, as negative emotions, on the efficiency of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for giving up smoking. These three emotional responses were assessed in a final sample of 180 subjects before starting the treatment program. Subjects with high scores in depression showed significant difficulties in completing the program in a successful way, while subjects with higher scores in anger presented a good adherence and therefore, a high level of success in giving up smoking after the treatment.