Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland enlarges and is mostly observed in men over 50 years of age. It is characterized by glandular proliferation resulting in prostatic hyperplasia. Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of BPH include urinary frequency, urgency, trouble starting a urine stream, a weak or interrupted urine stream, dribbling at the end of urination, nocturia, and urinary retention1. BPH is not cancerous but if left untreated, it can lead to urinary tract infections, bladder and kidney damage, and eventually death. Throughout the past 3 decades, there has been a significant decline in mortality rates for deaths linked to BPH. This is probably due to advances in the standard of care provided to patients with the condition2. A variety of tests are available to diagnose BPH including digital rectal examination, urinalysis, prostate-specific antigen blood test, urodynamic tests including uroflowmetry, postvoid residual measurement, and reduced urine flow. Other advance diagnostic tools include cystoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, and biopsy. Current treatment options for BPH BPH symptoms are frequently treated with many modalities. Standard first-line therapies include modifying one’s lifestyle and using medications such as alpha-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenergic agonists, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, anticholinergic, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and phytotherapeutics3. A surgical approach is required in some circumstances when pharmacological therapies lose their effectiveness3. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): one of the most often practiced procedures is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), regarded as the gold standard treatment, and has a 75%–96% chance of clinical improvement4. The procedure only takes a few minutes (often < 60) and demands either general or spinal anesthesia. The tissue is removed through the urethra using a resect scope, and the patient has to have a bladder catheter for around two days before being allowed to leave the hospital. Intraoperative complications might result in uncontrolled bleeding, capsular perforation, extensive irrigation fluid absorption (post-TURP syndrome), dilution hypernatremia, acute renal failure from hemolysis, cerebral edema, and even death4. Holmium laser nucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): prostate surgery with a Holmium laser is another minimally invasive therapy for an enlarged prostate. The technique, which is also known as holmium laser nucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), involves using a laser to carefully remove tissue that is obstructing urine flow through the prostate5. Afterward, the prostate tissue is fragmented into segments that may be removed safely using a different technique. Patients who receive HoLEP also benefit from dramatically reduced catheterization times, a shorter length of hospital stay, and fewer major postoperative sequelae5. Prostatic urethral lift (PUL): PUL is another novel, less invasive therapy approach for the management of BPH symptoms. The PUL technique seeks to mechanically manipulate the prostate to create an open channel that will allow for low-resistance urine flow rather than perforating or cavitation the prostate gland. Adjustable implants are installed during the treatment to retract the prostate’s obstructive lobes. PUL has the benefit of maintaining sexual function and having the ability to be used under local anesthesia because of its nonablative nature6. Rezum therapy: a feasible and safe treatment for the larger prostate Rezum therapy is a relatively new procedure that has been shown to be effective against BPH. It is a minimally invasive, transurethral procedure used for the treatment of BPH. The therapy involves the use of a sterile, single-use device that delivers bursts of radiofrequency-generated steam into the prostate tissue. The steam penetrates the prostate tissue and causes the cells to die, resulting in a reduction in the size of the prostate gland over time. The heat generated by the water vapor causes irreversible and nearly immediate cell death, with tissue temperatures reaching around 70 °C7. A recent pilot study8 found that even a single injection per lobe can be effective for BPH and can improve lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life as effectively as the traditional approach that used a variable number of injections based on prostate volume. Advantages of Rezum therapy Rezum therapy has the advantage of being a relatively quick procedure. It typically takes less than an hour to complete. The device is inserted into the urethra, and steam is delivered in a controlled manner to ensure that the temperature and pressure are safe and effective. The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia which decreases the chances of anesthetic risks. In addition to being a quick procedure, rezum therapy has a relatively short recovery time. It usually does not require a hospital stay and most patients are able to return to their normal activities within a few days. This is in contrast to other treatment options, which may require a longer recovery time. Another advantage of rezum therapy is that it does not require any incisions, which reduces the risk of bleeding and infection. This makes it a safer treatment option for older patients or patients with other medical conditions that may increase the risk of complications. Clinical studies have shown that Rezum therapy is effective at improving urinary symptoms in men with BPH, including urinary frequency, weak urine flow, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. For individuals who are not suitable for surgery or do not wish to rely on long-term pharmacotherapy, Rezum provides a significant reduction in lower urinary tract symptoms while maintaining sexual activity and a high safety profile9. Side effects and conclusion While rezum therapy is generally safe and effective, some potential risks are associated with the procedure. These risks include urinary tract infection, urinary retention, and retrograde ejaculation. However, these risks are relatively uncommon and can usually be managed with medication. In a review10 the incidence of complications ranged from 3.8% to 4.3%, all of which were mild and resolved on their own. In addition, the success rate of voiding trials following Rezum therapy was 85%10. In addition, the procedure has a lower incidence of sexual side effects compared with other treatments. Preservation of sexual function is a major concern for many patients, and Rezum therapy has been shown to have a lower incidence of sexual side effects compared with HoLEP, TURP, greenlight, and other surgical interventions11. Ethics approval statement None. Sources of funding None. Author contribution A.N. and A.A. were involved in the study concept, the collection of the data, drafting, literature review, data validation, supervision, and editing of the manuscript. R.T. and A.A.A.B. were responsible for the literature review and revising the manuscript for important intellectual content. Conflict of interest disclosure The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) Nil. Guarantor Areeba Ahsan. Data availability statement None. Patient consent statement None. Clinical trial registration None.