Android Mobile Devices Research Articles

Taming Energy Cost of Disk Encryption Software on Data-Intensive Mobile Devices

Disk encryption is frequently used to secure confidential data on mobile devices. However, the high energy cost of disk encryption poses a heavy burden on those devices with limited battery capacity especially when a large amount of data needs to be protected by disk encryption. To address the challenge, we develop a new kernel-level disk encryption software, Populus. Almost 98% of Populus's encryption/decryption computation is not related with the input plaintext/ciphertext, so we accomplish the computation in advance during initialization when a consistent power supply is available. We conduct cryptanalysis on Populus and finally conclude that state-of-the-art cryptanalysis techniques fail to break Populus in reasonable computational complexity. We also conduct energy consumption experiments on Populus and dm-crypt, a famous disk encryption software for Android and Linux mobile devices. The experimental results demonstrate that Populus consumes 50%-70% less energy than dm-crypt.

Pathfinding for the navigation of visually impaired people

A navigation system using an Android mobile device for the visually impaired is explored in this paper. This paper focuses on pathfinding algorithms and their implementations on Java platform. The boundary iterative-deepening depth-first search (BIDDFS) pathfinding algorithm is extended for bidirectional searching. Fast pathfinding is applied for the BIDDFS by reducing memory read and writes cycles, proposing the optimised BIDDFS. Fast pathfinding is also extended for the bidirectional BIDDFS, proposing the fast bidirectional BIDDFS. The fast bidirectional BIDDFS uses Java's thread feature to implement a parallel structure. The optimised BIDDFS was able to record drastic improvements in pathfinding speeds compared to the standard BIDDFS. Likewise, the fast bidirectional BIDDFS recorded significant speed improvements over the parallel bidirectional BIDDFS.

Videolaryngoscopy using an Android smartphone: A direct digital technique.

Sir, Direct laryngoscopy has been the standard of care in securing the airway, in both routine and emergent cases. Videolaryngoscopy, introduced about a decade earlier aims to overcome the limitations of direct laryngoscopy. Some of the disadvantages of direct laryngoscopy include the need for an optimal line of sight for glottic visualisation, greater cervical spine movement during laryngoscopy, a lack of visual feedback for other healthcare providers during resuscitation and for novices undergoing training in laryngoscopy, and lack of image archiving capability.[1,2] Despite the advantages, the high initial cost of investment remains a deterrent for the widespread adoption of videolaryngoscopy over direct laryngoscopy.[3] Videolaryngoscopy may be done inexpensively. The use of complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors attached to the blade of a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope should suffice. The authors, in an earlier study, demonstrated the use of a low cost universal serial bus (USB) endoscope camera assembled on a Macintosh laryngoscope, to perform videolaryngoscopy.[4] The device used the video processing capabilities of a personal computer to display real time video. The evolution of this technique could then be to utilise the high quality display and graphical processing present in the ubiquitous smartphone, keeping the initial and recurring costs of the technique low. For technical reasons, the use of smartphones for displaying the video stream from an USB endoscope camera is not simple. We chose the Android smartphone operating system (OS) V3.1 or higher (checked using “about device” menu of the OS), that supports the USB on-the-go (OTG) host function. This feature allows direct interfacing of the USB camera with the mobile device using an USB OTG cable. Apple OS devices do not support a similar capability due to restrictions in its use of its host-capable USB port. Initial attempts at obtaining a video stream were unsuccessful, due to lack of inbuilt USB video class drivers in the Android OS kernel of several mobile devices. We attempted to recreate this functionality with open source custom software that processes the USB video stream directly in Google Nexus 2012 Android mobile device.[5] However, a high quality video recording was obtained in most of the mobile devices that we tested, by using “CameraFi” (Vault Micro Inc., Seoul, Korea) app freely downloaded from the online Google Play Store at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vaultmicro. CameraFi. The USB endoscope camera was disinfected prior to use, assembled and upright orientation done as described in our earlier study.[4] The USB camera was fixed about 40 mm from the tip of a Macintosh blade (size 3 or 4) using clean adhesive tape (Durapore, 3M Inc., USA). The application supported capture of high quality images as well as real time video capture Figure 1. The camera required minimal electrical power supplied through the USB port of the mobile device. The electrical safety of the camera was ensured due its completely insulated, waterproof casing. We had successfully tested this assembly for videolaryngoscopy in an adult mannequin. The mouth opening required by the USB camera-blade assembly was the same as that for a conventional Macintosh blade. Figure 1 Real time video capture from universal serial bus endoscope camera using CameraFi app in Android operating system This technique used readily available components with minor modification of a conventional laryngoscope. The technique involves direct digital transmission of the image to a smartphone through its USB port, without the use of cumbersome, optical-based smartphone adapters such as the Airtraq Universal Phone adapter (Prodol Meditec S.A, Vizcaya, Spain) that may affect image quality. Newer USB endoscope cameras of 5.5 mm diameter, 2 m cable length are available from online retailers, which are inexpensive, costing <10$, for example, at http://www.tomtop.com/product?q=endoscope+borescope. Future efforts would involve developing medical grade, 3D-printed laryngoscope conduits that encase the USB camera, conforming to all regulatory standards. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Logical acquisition and analysis of data from android mobile devices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach that helps in acquisition of live data as well as data stored in the internal/external memory of android mobile device considering that the data on the device are not much altered during the extraction process. Also, the emphasis is laid on testing the validity of existing forensic tools against the data obtained manually and by using this approach. Smartphones have spurred the mobile computing technology, and Android is widely used as an Operating System in these devices. These days, users store most of their personal information like emails, images, contacts etc., on Phones/Tablets as their data would be readily accessible and thus convenient for them. Design/methodology/approach – Android Operating System is built on the Linux Kernel and scripts to extract data from Android Mobile Device with the use of Android Debugging Bridge have been written. The approach is more focused on the logical acquisition of data from devices rather than acquisition using physical methods. Findings – Live data of the Facebook application running on the device can be extracted. Also, the password of the LuksManager application (used to create an encrypted volume on the device), which is stored in the internal memory, is also extracted and identified. Research limitations/implications – The study has been conducted in an academic environment, thereby limiting external validity. Another limitation is the limited edition of some of the software forensics tools that are used. The full access to these software tools are restricted by Law enforcement and Investigation policies. The research provides a different approach which could aid in criminal investigation activities on mobile devices. Practical implications – The devices which have the latest versions of Android not only store messages and mails, but a lot of information about GPS, as well as information about popular applications like Facebook, WhatsApp, etc. This could practically help a lot in criminal investigation. Originality/value – This study is important because very few works have been done on recent versions (Jellybean and Kitkat) of Android. The proposed approach could extract large amounts of information as compared to earlier approaches with the newer versions of Android having larger memory and new features.

Canopeo: A Powerful New Tool for Measuring Fractional Green Canopy Cover

Fractional green canopy cover (FGCC) is a key diagnostic variable that can be used to estimate canopy development, light interception, and evapotranspiration partitioning. Available image analysis tools for quantifying FGCC are time‐consuming or expensive and cannot analyze video. Our objective was to develop a simple, accurate, and rapid tool to analyze FGCC from images and videos. This tool, called Canopeo, was developed using Matlab and is based on color ratios of red to green (R/G) and blue to green (B/G) and an excess green index (2G–R–B). The output from this tool was compared to that from two software packages widely used to analyze FGCC, SamplePoint, and SigmaScan Pro. Canopeo's image processing speed was 20 to 130 times faster than SigmaScan and 75 to 2500 times faster than SamplePoint. Canopeo correctly classified 90% of pixels when compared to SamplePoint. Root mean squared difference (RMSD) values for Canopeo FGCC vs. FGCC determined by SamplePoint and SigmaScan ranged from 0.04 to 0.12, with an average RMSD of 0.073 across several sets of images of corn (Zea mays L.), forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Analysis of video recordings of transects over crop canopies proved to be useful to minimize sampling error and to quantify FGCC spatial variability. This analysis was simple and rapid with Canopeo but not possible with SamplePoint or SigmaScan. The Canopeo app for Matlab and for iOS and Android mobile devices can be downloaded at www.canopeoapp.com.

Implementation of Forensic Analysis Procedures for WhatsApp and Viber Android Applications

Communication in today’s world is mostly dependent on mobile phones allowing users to exchange messages, ideas, videos and audios. Numerous instant messengers are available for mobile devices which are better alternative over SMS technology. However, increased use of instant messengers also gave rise to its negative impact including unwanted activities pertaining to cyber crimes. WhatsApp and Viber are mostly used instant messengers on Android mobile devices. In this paper, we perform forensic analysis procedures to obtain artifacts of WhatsApp and Viber applications. During analysis, we focus on artifacts such as messages, contacts, chat history, attachments etc. from the memory of mobile device. We present our research findings after implementation of forensic procedures using freely available tools and software. The artifacts obtained during analysis are relevant to use as evidences in court of law against any criminal incident. General Terms Android Forensic, Instant Messenger Forensics.

Socrative (Snowy release)

Socrative (Snowy release)

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF MAGICBOOK BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY ANDROID PADA MATA DIKLAT MENERAPKAN FUNGSI PERIFERAL DAN INSTALASI PC

The problem in this final project is an internal problem of the school is the availability of school facilities and infrastructures are affected to the students’ knowledge of X TKJ in identifying the type of devices peripheral and its functions. Other causes are the teaching methods and learning medias which used not various, it makes learning become less enjoyable. To overcome these problems, then designed a technology-based Learning Media MagicBook Augmented Reality using Android mobile devices. Besides being able to combine the virtual objects with the reality environtment, Augmented Reality technology enables users to perform three-dimensional direct interaction thus better able to give the impression for students. Magicbook Learning Media is designed like a regular book, but in inside the Magicbook is inserted a marker as a link between the real world and the virtual objects, then added with animation and video tutorials use the application. This media is created using Vuforia Library, Unity Free and Mono Development, Autodesk 3D Studio Max as animation maker software. This media is designed to assist students in understanding the concept of training courses of Apply the Function of Instalation PC and Peripherals and assist teachers in explaining the material. Keywords :Interactive Media, Magicbook, Augmented Reality, Marker.

APLIKASI MOBILE PORTAL BERITA GANTO.OR.ID BERBASIS ANDROID

The development of mobile communication technology leads people to use technology not only as a communication tool, but also as a tool to find a variety of information, and news. Today's society considers mobile communications media as a very practical needs in its use and has high mobility. Many news portal now also includes news portal applications for mobile devices. Ganto UNP news portal does not provide the application which led to the news portal infrequently accessed through mobile devices because of the view that is not user-friendly when accessed through the device. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to design a mobile application for Ganto news portal. So that mobile device users no longer need to access the Ganto news portal through a web browser. Simply by using the mobile application. This application was designed with the Java programming language, Eclipse as an IDE, Eclipse ADT as a plugin on android, and the Android SDK for Android application development, as well as the AVD emulator to run the android system. Programming language used to build web-service is PHP programming language and MySQL DBMS that has owned news portals Ganto as data storage server. By utilizing the Android mobile device technology, successfully obtained an application that can accommodate the needs of people who have a high level of mobility to access information on Ganto news portals anytime and anywhere effectively and efficiently. Keywords : News Portal, Ganto, Android, web-service.

The particle filter algorithm: parallel implementations and performance analysis over Android mobile devices

SummaryThe advent of emergent system on chip and multiprocessor system on chip opens a new era on the small mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, etc.) in terms of computing capabilities and applications to be addressed. Given the ability of these devices to interact with the real world through the camera, the development of efficient algorithms related to image processing and computer vision is mandatory. The particle filter algorithm is an algorithm frequently used in image and video processing; it constitutes the baseline algorithm in many applications: feature tracking, facial recognition, tracking of vehicles in traffic, video compression and so on. We propose a parallel implementation for the particle filter algorithm oriented to mobile Android devices. Three different versions of this algorithm are presented: a Java sequential implementation and two Renderscript parallel versions, an ad hoc implementation and a parallel implementation generated automatically with Paralldroid. The results obtained by the parallel versions over different Android platforms present high accuracy with a high processing rate of frame per second and a high speedup at the same time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Android App Categorization using Naïve Bayes Classifier

research based on the different integrity protection against various operating based smartphones or cellular phone. A mobile phones, smartphones are essential for daily life but the smartphones based on different operating systems like Symbian, Android mobile devices may be infected malwares because of different applications like Internet app, Bluetooth, MMS, SMS.The malware is a big issue of user mobile security and the downloaded contain through the internet. The security must be provided to smartphone because in advanced the malware after they've been infected they may lose the integrity of our mobile phone. This paper investigates the evaluation and detection of malware through the data mining based technique .The research paper based on Naive Bayes method, classifier and analysis of the result value by analysis of system. The technique of smartphone content helps to analysis the trusted party. This is mandatory provide the efficiency related to security antivirus and malware detection.

The development of SHS-SWTHS designing software based on windows and android mobile device platforms

By taking advantage of object-oriented development tools, build the object model of the SHS-SWTHS (Solar Heating System with Seasonal Water Tank Heat Storage) and its component parts, and develop the simulation software which can be used on the Windows and Android Mobile Platform with the SHS-SWTHS as the research object. In addition, make a case study of the performance and design parameter of the SHS-SWTHS.

어도비 에어를 이용한 플래시 모바일 게임 애플리케이션에 관한 연구

This study makes a proposal about Flash mobile game applications using Adobe AIR. In developing a mobile game, the developer programs in Flash ActionScript, and distributes and publishes the program using Adobe AIR so that the game can be played on an Android mobile device. In order to run the game, the player downloads and installs Android Adobe AIR onto the mobile device and sets up the published app. This study designed and implemented a mobile game application and showed that a mobile game is executed on a smart phone. This outcome may be applicable to various genres of apps. Moreover, this study analyzed the trends of mobile games, focusing on their genres and characteristics, and according to the results, most of them were mobile games using Kakao Talk. The analysis results also showed that the popularity ranking of games varied little among sites.

Rehab on Wheels: A Pilot Study of Tablet-Based Wheelchair Training for Older Adults

BackgroundAlternative and innovative strategies such as mHealth and eLearning are becoming a necessity for delivery of rehabilitation services. For example, older adults who require a wheelchair receive little, if any, training for proficiency with mobility skills. This substantive service gap is due in part to restricted availability of clinicians and challenges for consumers to attend appointments. A research team of occupational therapists and computer scientists engaged clinicians, consumers, and care providers using a participatory action design approach. A tablet-based application, Enhancing Participation In the Community by improving Wheelchair Skills (EPIC Wheels), was developed to enable in-chair home training, online expert trainer monitoring, and trainee-trainer communication via secure voice messaging.ObjectivePrior to undertaking a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a pilot study was conducted to determine the acceptability and feasibility of administering an mHealth wheelchair skills training program safely and effectively with two participants of different skill levels. The findings were used to determine whether further enhancements to the program were indicated.MethodsThe program included two in-person sessions with an expert trainer and four weeks of independent home training. The EPIC Wheels application included video instruction and demonstration, self-paced training activities, and interactive training games. Participants were provided with a 10-inch Android tablet, mounting apparatus, and mobile Wi-Fi device. Frequency and duration of tablet interactions were monitored and uploaded daily to an online trainer interface. Participants completed a structured evaluation survey and provided feedback post-study. The trainer provided feedback on the training protocol and trainer interface.ResultsBoth participants perceived the program to be comprehensive, useful, and easily navigated. The trainer indicated usage data was comprehensive and informative for monitoring participant progress and adherence. The application performed equally well with multiple devices. Some initial issues with log-in requests were resolved via tablet-specific settings. Inconsistent Internet connectivity, resulting in delayed data upload and voice messaging, was specific to individual Wi-Fi devices and resolved by standardizing configuration. Based on the pilot results, the software was updated to make content download more robust. Additional features were also incorporated such as check marks for completed content, a more consumer-friendly aesthetic, and achievement awards. The trainer web interface was updated to improve usability and provides both a numerical and visual summary of participant data.ConclusionsThe EPIC Wheels pilot study provided useful feedback on the feasibility of a tablet-based home program for wheelchair skills training among older adults, justifying advancement to evaluation in an RCT. The program may be expanded for use with other rehabilitation interventions and populations, particularly for those living in rural or remote locations. Future development will consider integration of built-in tablet sensors to provide performance feedback and enable interactive training activities.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01644292; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01644292 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6XyvYyTUf).

Day and night glucose control using a hybrid closed loop system for the management of type 1 diabetes

Achieving tight glycemic control for the management of type 1 diabetes is often associated with a heavy burden of care, and frequent hypoglycemia. Closed loop insulin delivery, or an “artificial pancreas”, represents a new technological frontier for the management of type 1 diabetes which aims to overcome these difficulties. Rapid advancement and improvement in the components of closed loop systems (continuous glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and mathematical algorithms) has been translated into numerous published reports demonstrating effective glucose control in hospital studies, camps, hotels, and most recently – in home studies. Most studies to date have focused on overnight control due to the difficulties in managing glucose excursions from carbohydrate intake and exercise. We investigated the capability of the Medtronic Hybrid Closed Loop (HCL) System in managing glucose levels during both day and night. The Medtronic HCL system consists of a Medtronic MiniMed insulin pump, Medtronic MiniMed Enlite II glucose sensor, Medtronic MiniMed Minilink REAL time sensor, Medtronic MiniMed Translator, and an Android mobile device with the HCL algorithm (proportional integrative derivate minus insulin feedback and additional safety parameters) software application installed. When using the HCL, meal boluses are delivered manually using the Android mobile device. All basal insulin delivery is controlled by the algorithm. We present in-clinic pilot data from 3 individuals with type 1 diabetes, incorporating 140 hours of closed loop management, over 5 days and nights. A free living environment was simulated, with free access to food, and exercise encouraged. For the three participants, percent of time spent in target glucose range (4 – 10mmol/L) was 81%, 62% and 73% respectively. Including all data, the mean glucose was 8.74mmol/L, which corresponds to an HbA1c of approximately 7%. There were no hypoglycemic or adverse events. We conclude that the Medtronic HCL system is potentially effective and safe for the management of type 1 diabetes. Outpatient studies, with comparisons to sensor augmented pump therapy with low glucose suspend in a randomized cross-over trial are ongoing.

Active Authentication on Mobile Devices via Stylometry, Application Usage, Web Browsing, and GPS Location

Active authentication is the problem of continuously verifying the identity of a person based on behavioral aspects of their interaction with a computing device. In this study, we collect and analyze behavioral biometrics data from 200subjects, each using their personal Android mobile device for a period of at least 30 days. This dataset is novel in the context of active authentication due to its size, duration, number of modalities, and absence of restrictions on tracked activity. The geographical colocation of the subjects in the study is representative of a large closed-world environment such as an organization where the unauthorized user of a device is likely to be an insider threat: coming from within the organization. We consider four biometric modalities: (1) text entered via soft keyboard, (2) applications used, (3) websites visited, and (4) physical location of the device as determined from GPS (when outdoors) or WiFi (when indoors). We implement and test a classifier for each modality and organize the classifiers as a parallel binary decision fusion architecture. We are able to characterize the performance of the system with respect to intruder detection time and to quantify the contribution of each modality to the overall performance.

Design and Implementation of Android Based Wearable Smart Locator Band for People with Autism, Dementia, and Alzheimer

A wearable smart locator band is an electronic device which can be worn on the wrist of the children to monitor and keep an eye on them. As the number of mishaps with children is increasing, it is a must to keep them safe. This also helps reducing crime rates. The research study proposed the development of a wearable smart locator band that helps keeping track of kids. The developed device includes an AVR microcontroller (ATmega8515), global positioning system (GPS), global system for mobile (GSM), and switching unit and the monitoring unit includes Android mobile device in parent’s hand with web based Android application as well as location indicated on a Google Map. This development is very useful for senior people and individuals suffering from memory diseases. This device, hence, behaves as a communication interface between wearer and caregiver.

The Development of a Gamebook for Education

Abstract Mobile technologies are becoming very accessible to students, due to advances in the development of technology and a simultaneous decline in hardware costs. In this way, it is relevant to consider the potential of these devices in teaching and learning. Our research was designed to evaluate the possibility of creating gamebooks (gamified books) that are effective in teaching and learning. After analyzing the features available in many free or open tools for making ebooks we find out that these tools were not appropriate creating gamebooks. This paper presents a novel interactive book, the gamebook (g-book): a book with a story that can be read sequentially or not. The main difference refers to the ability to choose different paths to the main characters or the unfolding of the history, as happens in games. We built a model of a dynamic book that functions as an educational game for “Environmental Studies”, aimed at children in the 4th grade, mostly 9-10 years old, in Portuguese schools. This paper presents the design and features of this g-book titled “Adventures in the Guadiana River”, implemented with the Unity3D platform that can be explored in iPhones, iPads, Android mobile devices and web browsers for the OSX and Windows platforms. Preliminary tests with our prototypes revealed very good usability and promising pedagogical potential in the proposed models.

Research on Bluetooth protocols based on Android kernel log

Bluetooth technology has been mature in recent years. However, some functions in Bluetooth devices are still not realised, such as transmitting files between an Android mobile device and a Bluetooth headset, replying mobile phone messages by Bluetooth controllers and so on. In this paper, we propose an innovative method to research Bluetooth protocols. It is by modifying the Android kernel source code and then placing the output messages between the Bluetooth devices into a log file. Through the method, we can export the log file, which contains the message data between Bluetooth devices and research on Bluetooth protocol principle and the format of the protocol packets.

Designing a Machine Learning – Based Framework for Enhancing Performance of Livestock Mobile Application System

Smallholder livestock keepers live in rural areas where there is poor Internet connectivity. Many mobile based system designed do not function well in such areas. To address these concerns, an Android Mobile Application will be designed and installed on a smartphone. The application will have an easy to use Graphical User Interface (GUI) and request resources from the server through the Internet. This Intelligent Livestock Information System (ILIS) will be able to provide and predict feedback to the livestock keepers. This solution will also collect livestock data from livestock keepers through mobile phones. The data will then be sent to the database if connectivity is available or through synchronization if connectivity is poor. Livestock experts will be able to view data and respond to any query from livestock keepers. The system will also be able to learn and predict the responses using machine learning techniques. The goal of the ILIS is to provide livestock services to anyone at anytime, overcoming the constraints of place, time and character. Overall, this is a novel idea in the field of mobile livestock information systems. Along these, this paper presents the software, hardware and architecture design of the machine learning based livestock information system. Overall this solution embodies an artificial intelligence approach which combines hardware and software technologies. The design will leverage the Android ADK operating system and Android mobile devices or tablets. Our main contribution here is the intelligent livestock Information System, which is a novel idea in the field of mobile livestock information systems.