Androctonus Amoreuxi Research Articles

Environmental determinants of venom variability in captive scorpions: A comprehensive analysis of diet, temperature, and humidity effects

This study examines the effects of environmental conditions on venom production in four prevalent scorpion species in Morocco: Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus mauretanicus, Buthus mardochei, and Scorpio maurus. The research focuses on how climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, and diet—specifically mealworm consumption—affect physical parameters including size and weight, and ultimately venom yield. We conducted a comprehensive investigation involving the capture, acclimatization, and systematic venom extraction from 480 scorpions. Our findings indicate considerable variations in venom volumes, with Scorpio maurus showing a reduced yield compared to Androctonus amoreuxi. Key determinants of venom production were identified as humidity and dietary intake, pointing to significant implications for interspecific diversity and acclimatization processes. These insights have crucial implications for medical and pharmaceutical applications, emphasizing the need for species-specific husbandry protocols to optimize venom extraction for therapeutic use.

Venomous gland transcriptome and venom proteomic analysis of the scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi reveal new peptides with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity

The recent COVID-19 pandemic shows the critical need for novel broad spectrum antiviral agents. Scorpion venoms are known to contain highly bioactive peptides, several of which have demonstrated strong antiviral activity against a range of viruses. We have generated the first annotated reference transcriptome for the Androctonus amoreuxi venom gland and used high performance liquid chromatography, transcriptome mining, circular dichroism and mass spectrometric analysis to purify and characterize twelve previously undescribed venom peptides. Selected peptides were tested for binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibition of the spike RBD – human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) interaction using surface plasmon resonance-based assays. Seven peptides showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects, albeit with IC50 in the high micromolar range (117–1202 µM). The most active peptide was synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and tested for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (Lineage B.1.1.7). On exposure to the synthetic peptide of a human lung cell line infected with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2, we observed an IC50 of 200 nM, which was nearly 600-fold lower than that observed in the RBD – hACE2 binding inhibition assay. Our results show that scorpion venom peptides can inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication although unlikely through inhibition of spike RBD – hACE2 interaction as the primary mode of action. Scorpion venom peptides represent excellent scaffolds for design of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 constrained peptides. Future studies should fully explore their antiviral mode of action as well as the structural dynamics of inhibition of target virus-host interactions.

Effects of Climate on Scorpion Diversity in Arid Ecosystems of the Sahara Desert of Algeria

In desert ecosystems, arthropods such as scorpions are understudied, and sufficient information is still lacking regarding their biodiversity. Specimen collection was carried out over 24 months (2016–2017). This study assessed the phenology, abundance, richness and diversity of scorpion species in arid ecosystems of the Sahara desert of Algeria (Ghardaïa). It examined the potential influence of climate parameters (precipitation, temperature and wind) on activity density, diversity and the phenological distribution of the species among seasons. We identified eight Buthidae species: Androctonus aeneas, Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus australis, Buthacus samiae, Buthacus spinatus, Buthacus elmenia, Buthus saharicus and Lissothus chaambi. Androctonus amoreuxi and Androctonus australis were the most abundant and omnipresent species, comprising 54.41% and 33.82% of all species found, respectively. Shannon’s index and the evenness index demonstrated a very poor diversity of scorpions in this region and a poor balance between the number of sampled species. Seasonal variation and climate parameters, i.e., temperature and wind, influenced the number, distribution, and the diversity of scorpions. The number of species found in Ghardaïa Province represent more than 20% of the scorpion species reported in Algeria.

Confirmed Envenomation by <i>Androctonus amoreuxi</i> (Egyptian Yellow Fat Tail Scorpion)

In the United States, envenomations by native scorpion species such as Centruroides are common and generally well-tolerated. On the contrary, Androctonus species envenomations are exceedingly rare outside the Middle East and North Africa but are particularly deadly. We report a case of envenomation by an Egyptian Yellow Fat Tail (Androctonus amoreuxi) scorpion and the subsequent clinical course. A hobbyist and dangerous scorpion collector was stung by his pet Androctonus amoreuxi, purchased online. Our patient rapidly developed severe localized pain followed by systemic effects, including tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, anxiety, GI symptoms, diplopia, dyspnea, profound myalgias, and intense paresthesias. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with a grade 2-to-3 scorpion envenomation based upon evidence of autonomic hyperactivity and cranial nerve dysfunction. He never progressed to cardiopulmonary compromise; neither dobutamine nor antivenom was administered, and he improved with supportive care alone. Case details were verified in person and via electronic medical record review.

Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide GK-19 and Its Application in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Induced by MRSA or Candida albicans.

The increasing resistance of human pathogens promotes the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Due to the physical bactericidal mechanism of membrane disruption, antimicrobial peptides are considered as potential therapeutic candidates without inducing microbial resistance. Scorpion venom-derived peptide, Androctonus amoreuxi Antimicrobial Peptide 1 (AamAP1), has been proved to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, AamAP1 can induce hemolysis and shows strong toxicity against mammalian cells. Herein, the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of a novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide, GK-19, derived from AamAP1 and its derivatives, was evaluated. Five bacteria and three fungi were used to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of GK-19 in vitro. Scalded mice models combined with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) were used to evaluate its applicability. The results indicated that GK-19 could not only inhibit Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial growth, but also kill fungi by disrupting the microbial cell membrane. Meanwhile, GK-19 showed negligible toxicity to mammalian cells, low hemolytic activity and high stability in plasma. Furthermore, in scalded mice models combined with SSTIs induced by either Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Candida albicans, GK-19 showed significant antimicrobial and healing effects. Overall, it was demonstrated that GK-19 might be a promising drug candidate in the battle against drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections.

Mitigative impact of bradykinin potentiating factor isolated from Androctonus amoreuxi scorpion venom and low doses of γ-irradiation on doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity through ang II/AMPK crosstalk

In this study, the mitigative impact of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) and low doses of γ-irradiation (LDR) were evaluated against doxorubicin (DOX) hepatotoxicity through Ang II/AMPK crosstalk. Rats have received a single dose of DOX (10 mg/kg, i.p.). BPF administration at a dose of 1 μg/g (b.wt./twice a week) was started one week before the administration of DOX and followed throughout the study for another consecutive week where LDR rats were subjected to two low fractions of γ-irradiation; 0.5 Gy/fraction/week up to the cumulative dose of 1 Gy at 7 days before and after doxorubicin administration. DOX produced a remarkable disturbance in serum hepatic enzymes activities, hepatic oxidative stress indices, as well as hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic markers in response to a marked elevation in hepatic angiotensin II (Ang II) together with marked depression in hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expressions. The combination of BPF and LDR produced a significant improvement in all examined parameters as well as mitigates hepatic toxicity through inhibition of Ang II induced by DOX, which might also be mediated by AMPK activation. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination reinforced the previous results. In conclusion, these findings shed new light on the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis consequence of our remedy and support the potential use of it as a preventive and therapeutic candidate against hepatic toxicity through Ang II/AMPK crosstalk.

Androctonus amoreuxi hebraeus

This datasheet on Androctonus amoreuxi hebraeus covers Identity, Distribution.

Scorpion diversity patterns in the Misurata region, North Libya (Arachnida: Scorpiones)

The scorpion fauna of Libya is varied and endemic, but little explored. Our work is a contribution to the study into the ecology and distribution patterns of scorpions from the Misurata region (North Libya). Investigations were carried out at 12 sites between June 2019 and December 2020 using ultraviolet light. We sampled 96 adult specimens belonging to nine species: Androctonus amoreuxi (relative abundance “RA” = 2.08%), Androctonus australis (RA = 31.25%), Androctonus bicolor (RA = 9.33%), Buthacus arenicola, Buthacus sp. 1 and Buthacus sp. 2 (RA = 3.13%), Buthiscus bicalcaratus (RA = 10.42%) Buthus adrianae (RA = 18.75%) and Buthus orientalis (RA = 19.79%). This region is characterized by great scorpion diversity and high community evenness. Among the specimens belonging to the above-mentioned nine species, we noted two species of Egyptian Buthus: B. adrianae and B. orientalis, representing a new record for Libya, and classified as a very accidental species (Occ = 50%). By frequency of occurrence, the other species were assigned to different categories ranging from very accidental to the common ones. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) performed to detect gradients in species composition and species-environment relations confirmed the existence of a close relationship between some species and their biotopes, i.e., scorpions of the genus Buthacus were associated with sandy habitats, while A. amoreuxi and A. australis were associated with desert conditions (scarce vegetation, low precipitation and elevation). However, the ecological preferences of B. bicalcaratus remain uncertain.

Analysis of amino acids, fatty acids and neurotoxins using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in four scorpions species inhabiting New Valley Governorate, Egypt

The scorpion venom consisting of a pair of gland connected to telson has great importance for their survival, assisting in feeding and self-defense. Scorpion venoms are a complex mixture of inorganic salts, free amino acids, heterocyclic components, peptides and proteins. The present study aimed to identify telson components of four scorpion species Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi and Buthacus leptochelys. Five telsons separated from four species of scorpions were preserved in 100% ethanol, homogenized in acetonitrile, centrifuged and sonicated as preparation of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The present study indicated variations in the number and types of amino acids, fatty acids derivatives and neurotoxin in the four scorpion species. The four species of scorpions are included: L. quinquestriatus which has 14 amino acids, 15 fatty acids and 17 neurotoxic compounds; A. amoreuxi which has 8 amino acids, 13 fatty acids and 4 neurotoxic compounds; O. innesi which has 10 amino acids, 16 fatty acids and 6 neurotoxic compounds; B. leptochelys which has 6 amino acids, 19 fatty acids and 5 neurotoxic compounds were recorded. In conclusion, concentrations of amino and fatty acids derivatives and neurotoxic compounds showed differences among the four scorpion species. Furthermore, in all scorpion species, acetamide had the highest percentage as neurotoxin, and the highest level of neurotoxins was found in L. quinquestriatus, indicating this species may be the most venomous ones.

DNA Barcoding for Scorpion Species from New Valley Governorate in Egypt Reveals Different Degrees of Cryptic Speciation and Species Misnaming

(1) Background: Scorpions (Arthropoda: Arachnida) represent a diverse group of invertebrates, accounting for a significant proportion of earth’s predators and ecosystems’ modulators. Surviving mostly in hardly reachable nests, and representing key hazards to human health, they attracted major interest for characterizing their eco-, morpho-, and genotypes. (2) Methods: Four scorpion species were collected from the New Valley governorate in Upper Egypt, where a high level of scorpionism and related neurological symptoms are found, that were Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi, Buthacus leptochelys. They were DNA barcoded, genetically and phylogenetically analyzed through PCR amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene hypervariable 5′ region. (3) Results: New, morphologically authenticated scorpion barcodes could be added to the barcoding databases. However, several discrepancies and barcode database inadequacies could be revealed. Moreover, taxon-specific patterns for nitrogenous bases’ distribution could be identified, resulting in a significantly high percentage of COI barcode guanine in scorpionids, in comparison to araneids and opilions. (4) Conclusions: For a group of animals where both cryptic speciation and a high risk of human envenomation are evident, the findings of the current study strongly recommend continuous and comprehensive research efforts dealing with morphogenetic authentication for different species of scorpions.

Biometry and inventory of scorpions in the Algerian Northwest


 The present study consists in making an inventory of the scorpionic fauna at the level of the Algerian north-west (Tlemcen, Naama and Bechar). Following a 10-month survey, we were able to collect a total of 117 living scorpions, they are grouped into 8 species belonging to two large families (Buthidae and Scorpionidae). Indeed, it is at the Teiher station in the wilaya of Tlemcen where the large number of scorpions was collected about 90 individuals. According to the results of the outings and among the scorpions sampled, it appears that the animals belong to the Buthidae family of which 6 species have been identified namely: Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus australis, Buthus tuneatanus, Buthus oudjanii, Hottentotta franzwerneri and Orthochirus innesi. Concerning the Scorpionidae family, two species of which have been identified, namely: Scorpio maurus and Scorpio punicus. The largest species in size is Hottentota franzwerneri with a total length of 101 mm (cephalothorax 12 mm, abdomen 29 mm and tail 60 mm). Equitability is close to one for the Zebche station, we noticed at this station that the species tend to be in numerical equilibrium, however in the Teiher station, the fairness is zero which is a result of dominance of only one species.

Ultrastructure Study on The Exo-Morphology of Four Species of Scorpion Inhabiting New Valley, Egypt

Scorpions are terrestrial arthropods inhabiting deserts. Exomorghological studies play an important role in the identification of different scorpions' species. The current study deals with the ecomorphology of four species of scorpions belong to the family buthidae (Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi and Buthacus leptochelys) inhabiting New Valley governorate, Egypt. Random samples were implemented during the period from April to July, 2017 and July to September, 2019. Scorpions were obtained from the area under rocks, gap of soil, leaf litter, under bark, and within vegetation. Morphological characteristics of these species were done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In conclusion, the differences among four species of studied scorpions were noticed in the dorsal carapace, respiratory pores of the third segment of mesosoma, pectinal teeth count between females and males, last segment of metasoma and telson. In all scorpions' species studied, one venom pore was detected except in Androctonus amoreuxi two venom pores in telson were observed.

Survey and Morphological Studies on Scorpions Inhabiting New Valley Governorate, Egypt

The main objective of the present study is to make a survey on scorpion species inhabiting New Valley governorate, Egypt as well as to make some morphometric measurements on the recorded species and to design a key for the recorded species. To achieve the aims of the study, random samples were collected during the period from April to July, 2017 and from July to September, 2019. The study revealed the presence of four scorpion species belonging to family Buthidae namely: Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi and Buthacusleptochelys. The study provides a key for the identification of the species and some morphometric measurements. The morphometric measurements included: Carapace length, Mesosoma length, Metasoma length, Telson length, Aculeus length, Vesicle length, Pedipalp femur length, Pedipalp patella length, Pedipalp chela length and total body length. The study revealed significant differences between the recorded four species. It also revealed significant differences between males and females of each species.

Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic effects induced by the venom of Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi

BackgroundScorpion venom is a very complicated mixture of various peptides/proteins which could induce toxicological and pharmacological responses. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the possible pharmacological properties (analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory effects) of the Egyptian scorpion venom Androctonus amoreuxi in mice and rats injected intraperitoneally with 1/10 and 1/5 LD50 (0.11 and 0.22 mg/kg for mice; 0.385 and 0.77 mg/kg for rats, respectively).ResultsThe peripheral and central analgesic effect of A. amoreuxi venom was determined using the tests of mice-abdominal writhing and tail immersion of rats, respectively. The antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities were examined using the pyrexia rats model induced by Brewer’s yeast and the paw mice edema induced by carrageenan, respectively. The venom of A. amoreuxi produced significant (p < 0.05) peripheral and central analgesic activity in both animal models. Also, treatment with the scorpion venom showed significant (p < 0.05) dose-independent reduction in pyrexia of rats. More importantly, the venom significantly inhibited mice paw edema induced by carrageenan.ConclusionAccordingly, the present results showed that the venom of this scorpion possesses remarkable pharmacological properties (analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory activities) on animal models, and might be contain certain peptides responsible for the reported activities.

Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Egyptian Scorpion (Androctonus amoreuxi) Venom in Rheumatoid Rat Model

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder, which takes place in the synovial tissues. This study aims to assess the possibility of using the Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi venom (SV) on the treatment and management of RA. The venom was collected from scorpions using electrical stimulation then processed to get crude which was subcutaneously injected to arthritis induced rats. RA was induced in the rats by a single injection of 0.1 ml of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) at the footpad of the right hind paw of 32 adult male albino rats. Animals were divided into five groups, normal control, RA none treated, SV treated with low and high doses, and methotoxate treated. Results exhibited that SV (0.24 and 0.48 mg/kg) treatment relived pain, improved movement and reduced paw edema and joint swelling volume in arthritic rats. SV had diminished tissue damage in which malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were significantly decreased compared to arthritic rats without side effects in liver, blood, and kidney parameters. Histological examination showed marked improvement in the joint structure after SV treatment. Immunohistochemical staining showed a significant decrease in the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B Cell 65(NFкB-p65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the arthritic joint after treatment with SV. In conclusion, SV possesses therapeutic properties in RA treatment and management due to its analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects without noticeable side effects.

Anti-proliferative Effects of Androctonus amoreuxi Scorpion and Cerastes cerastes Snake Venoms on Human Prostate Cancer Cells.

The present study evaluated the effects of Androctonus amoreuxi scorpion venom, Cerastes cerastes snake venom and their mixture on prostate cancer cells (PC3). An MTT assay was used to determine the anti-proliferative effect of the venoms, while quantitative real time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-2). Furthermore, colorimetric assays were used to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes. Our results show that the venoms significantly reduced PC3 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, these venoms significantly decreased Bcl-2 gene expression. Additionally, C. cerastes venom significantly reduced Bax gene expression, while A. amoreuxi venom and a mixture of A. amoreuxi & C. cerastes venoms did not alter Bax expression. Consequently, these venoms significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the oxidative stress biomarker MDA. Furthermore, these venoms also increased the activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Overall, the venoms have cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on PC3 cells.

Characterizing the biological and biochemical profile of six different scorpion venoms from the Buthidae and Scorpionidae family

The objective of this study was to characterize six different scorpion venoms using biological and biochemical methods, including a preliminary MS/MS and a post-translational modifications analysis. Despite the diversity of scorpion species of medical importance in Africa and Colombia, the venoms of these arachnids have been poorly studied in these two regions. We report the biochemical, electrophoretic, chromatographic profile, internal peptide sequences with a post-translational modification report, and a preliminary antitumor activity of five different scorpions of the Buthidae family, Androctonus amoreuxi, Babycurus jacksoni, Grosphus grandidieri, Hottentotta gentili and Tityus fuhrmanni, and one of the Scorpionidae family Pandinus imperator. No L-amino oxidase activity was detected in the evaluated venoms. Proteolytic activity using azocasein was detected only in G. grandidieri and P. imperator, indicating the possible presence of metalloproteinases in these two venoms. Proteolytic activity using NOBA was detected in all venoms indicating the possible presence of serine-proteinases. Phospholipase A2 activity was detected in the venoms of P. imperator, G. grandidieri, H. gentili and A. amoreuxi, with P. imperator venom being the most active. All venoms analyzed contained defensin-like proteins, alpha toxins, metalloproteinases, neuropeptides, DBP affecting ion channels, DBP with antimicrobial activity, among others. Venoms from P. imperator, G. grandidieri and T. fuhrmanni showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity over MCF-7 cells. Only two isolated RP-HPLC fractions from P. imperator and T. fuhrmanni showed cytotoxic activity over MCF-7. No cytotoxic activity was found in the venoms from A. amoreuxi, B. jacksoni, and H. gentili.

The Effects of Androctonus Amoreuxi Scorpion Extract and Sitagliptin in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in Animal Models

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disorder associated with markedly increased morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of daily administration of Androctonus (A.) amoreuxi scorpion extract and sitagliptin (Januvia) on blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of pancreas in diabetic rats forty male albino rats (130-150 gm) were divided into four notequal groups: control, streptozotocin nicotinamide (STZ/NA) induced diabetic (DM) , diabetic rats treated with sitagliptin (DM+ST) and diabetic rats treated with scorpion extract (DM+Sc.Tea). Thirty days post ST and Sc. Tea administration (10 and 200 mg/kg B.Wt. respectively), biochemical and histological parameters were investigated. Diabetic rats exhibited significant increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS) , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and a decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). The administration of ST and Sc.Tea had shown significant decrease in FBS, HbA1c, TC and TG. However, a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol was recorded. Additionally, the beneficial effect of A. amoreuxi scorpion extract and sitagliptin was confirmed with histopathological examination of pancreas. Results of this study suggest that A. amoreuxi scorpion extract and sitagliptin have protective and anti-hyperglycemic effects.

Protective Effects of Androctonus Amoreuxi Scorpion Extract and Sitagliptin Treatment on The Liver Injury of Diabetic Rats

Liver injury is involved in both the pathogenesis and complications of diabetes. Androctonus Amoreuxi scorpion tea was previously reported to modulate physiological responses in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This study attempts to evaluate liver protective effects of scorpion tea (Androctonus Amoreuxi) and sit agliptinin streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups (n=10). Diabetes were induced in male albino rat by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg STZ. Three days later, the animals randomly divided to 3 groups: diabetic group, diabetic+ S.Tea(300 mg/kg )and diabetic+ ST (10 mg/kg ) besides control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline. Liver histological and biochemical markers, were monitored at the end of experimental peroid. Results of our study revealed that treatment with scorpion tea or sitagliptin produced significant liver protection manifested by a significant decrease in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamy-ltransferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Histologically, liver of diabetic rats showed severe liver injury. Histopathological changes were significantly attenuated in diabetic animals treated with scorpion tea or sitagliptin. Results of this study suggest that A. amoreuxi scorpion extract and sitagliptin have protective effects against hepatic injury.

In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi venom in an Ehrlich ascites tumor model.

Scorpion venom is a highly complex mixture of about 100–700 different components, where peptides are the major constituents with various biological and pharmacological properties including anticancer activities. In this study, anticancer efficacy of the venom of the Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi has been evaluated. In vitro, the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line was treated with the venom and the IC50 was estimated. In vivo studies, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were inoculated into CD-1 mice intraperitoneally to form liquid tumor or subcutaneously to form solid tumor and then treated with intraperitoneal injection with venom (0.22 mg/kg) every other day. The total tumor cells in the ascitic fluid and the size of the solid tumor were assessed after 14 and 30 days, respectively. In addition, the mean survival time (MST), body weight, tumor volume, PCV, viability of tumor cells, CBC, AST, ALP, creatinine, oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, MDA, PCC), tumor marker Ki67, growth factor VEGF and caspase-3 were measured in normal control, EAC control and venom-treated groups (n = 6). Treatment with venom induced anti-tumor effects against liquid and in solid tumors as indicated by a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in tumor volume/size, count of viable EAC cells, expression of Ki67 and VEGF as well as by remarkable increases in MST and caspase-3 expression as compared to non-treated group. Interestingly, the venom restored the altered hematological and biochemical parameters of tumor-bearing animals and significantly increased their life span. These data indicate to (1) the cytotoxic potential effects of A. amoreuxi on tumor cells via anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities; (2) opening a new avenue for further studies on the anti-cancer effects of this agent.