Anddepressive Symptoms Research Articles

Locomotive syndrome anddepressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study inmiddle-aged women.

Evidence for an association between locomotive syndrome (LS) and depression is lacking in middle-aged women. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between LS severity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling middle-aged women. This cross-sectional study included 1520 middle-aged women (mean age 52 ± 6 years). LS severity was evaluated using the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale questionnaire and motor function test. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung self-rating depression scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and LS severity, adjusting for potential confounding factors. LS severity, as evaluated through both questionnaires and motor function tests, was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (self-rating depression scale ≥ 40 points) in middle-aged women. The relationship between LS and depressive symptoms was only significant when assessed through the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale questionnaire rather than the motor function tests. Additionally, a stepwise association was observed between pain severity, as assessed by the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms. LS severity is significantly associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling middle-aged women, suggesting the need for additional mental status assessment in participants with LS and concurrent pain.

The Relationship between Proinflammatory Cytokines, Trait Mindfulness, and Psychological Well-Being in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune systemstarts attacking its own cells especially, joints. Individuals with RA are 3 times more susceptible todepression and anxiety. Mindfulness-based interventions have been found efficacious in decreasingdepressive symptoms and increasing psychological well-being(PWB) in this population, but therelationship between trait mindfulness and PWB with proinflammatory cytokines implicated in RA hasnot been explored to date. Background: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune systemstarts attacking its own cells especially, joints. Individuals with RA are 3 times more susceptible todepression and anxiety. Mindfulness-based interventions have been found efficacious in decreasingdepressive symptoms and increasing psychological well-being(PWB) in this population, but therelationship between trait mindfulness and PWB with proinflammatory cytokines implicated in RA hasnot been explored to date.Objective: This study aimed to understand the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines, traitmindfulness, and psychological well-being in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Method: The study consisted of a total of 16 individuals from the 45-75 years age group who havebeen diagnosed with RA, taking treatment from Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Proinflammatorycytokines in saliva, IL-6 and TNF levels were measured using an ELISA kit, and scales wereadministered to measure trait mindfulness, psychological well-being, and functioning. Descriptiveanalysis was done to study the relationship between the variables.Results: A significant increase in IL-6 levels were observed in the present study, while TNF- levelswere within normal limits. 50% of the participants reported severe impairment and 75% reporteddepressive symptoms. These results provided evidence of a strong correlation between IL-6 levelsand depression. There was a strong positive correlation between trait mindfulness and psychologicalwell-being, . Trait mindfulness however had a moderately negative correlation withdepressive symptoms and disability. Moreover, the relationship between psychological well-being anddepressive symptoms and disability was not significant. The relationship between depressive symptomsand disability was highly significant, Discussion and Conclusion: People with RA experience difficulty carrying out everyday tasks andtend to suffer from depression. However, people who score high on Mindfulness and PWB experienceless depression and face less interference in their daily activities. Thus, interventions that promotemindfulness practice and psychological well-being may prove to be effective in decreasing depressivesymptoms in RA patients as well as proinflammatory cytokines.

Self-Criticism, Attribution Style, Hope, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Background. Mental health problems are most commonly underreported or kept undiagnosed inthe developing countries. Manifestation of such issues during adolescence could result in long-termadverse consequences. Thus, present study attempted to explore predictive role of self-criticism,attribution style, and hope in depressive symptoms in adolescents.Method. A sample of 290 students (145 male & 145 female; aged 11-23 years) was recruited fromdifferent schools and colleges by using convenient sampling technique. The Forms ofSelf-Criticizing/ Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS) (Gilbert et al., 2004), The Measure ofAttributional Style (Kwon & Whisman, 1992), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al.,2007), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used to measureself-criticism, attribution style, hope, and depressive symptoms.Findings. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between self-criticism anddepression while significant negative association was found between depression and hope.Furthermore, self-criticism and hope significantly predicted depressive symptoms in adolescents.Comparison of family systems showed significant differences on hated-self, attribution style, hope,and depressive symptoms. Results revealed that individuals belonging to joint family systemexperience more hated-self, depressive symptoms, and attribute to internal causes whileindividuals belonging to nuclear family system experience more hope and attribute to externalcauses.Conclusion. The study findings highlight the role of self-criticism, attribution style, hope, anddepressive symptoms in adolescents. Thus, present study may also help in evaluating andeliminating risks associated with depressive symptoms. Teachers/parents and caregivers workingwith adolescents may also benefit from the findings of the research. Implications of the findings arediscussed.

Latent classes of health risk behaviors in medical students and depressive symptoms

Objective To identify the latent classes of various health risk behaviors among medical students and further analyze the correlation between different classes and depression. Methods Using the method of convenient sampling, 2 014 medical students were selected from Anhui Medical University in October 2018. Self-designed online questionnaire were used to collect demographic data, health risk behavior (including smoking, drinking, suicide, sleep disorders, mobile phone dependence and lack of exercise) and depressive symptoms. Latent Class Analysis was used to cluster individuals. Logistic regression was provided to further analyze the association between health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms for the groups. Results The health hazard behaviors of medical students could be divided into three separate classes: substance dependence group (8.4%), mobile phone dependence group (22.4%) and low-risk group (69.2%). The distribution of health risk behaviors of medical students with different gender, major, grade, only child, father’s educational level, monthly living expenses, academic achievement and number of friends were statistically significant (χ 2 = 99.37, 19.07, 12.05, 6.64, 14.28, 19.35, 20.61, 26.39, P<0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, major, grade, only child, father’s educational level, monthly living expenses, academic achievement and number of friends, the mobile phone dependence group was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 1.75, P<0.01). Conclusion Different ratent classes of health risk behaviors have different correlation with depressive symptoms in groups. lt is suggested that school health workers should make individualized intervention plan for different types of health hazard behavior of medical students in the future educational activities, carry out stratified intervention, alleviate the symptoms of depression and promote the mental health of medical students. 【摘要】 目的 识别医学生多种健康危害行为的潜在类别,并进一步分析不同潜类别与抑郁症状的关联。 方法 采用方便抽样的原则,于 2018 年 10 月在安徽医科大学整群抽取 2 014 名医学生开展横断面调査。使用自编手机问卷,调査内容 包括一般人口学资料、健康危害行为评价以及抑郁症状。采用潜在类别分析方法分析吸烟、饮酒、自杀、睡眠障碍、手机依 赖、缺乏运动等 6 种健康危害行为潜在类别,采用 Logistic 回归方法进一步分析不同类别与抑郁症状的关联。 结果 医学生健康危害行为分为物质依赖组 (8.4%)、手机依赖组 (22.4%) 和低危风险组 (69.2%) 3 个潜在类别。不同性别、专业、年 级、是否为独生子女、父亲文化程度、每月生活费、学习成绩及朋友个数之间医学生健康危害行为分布差异均有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 99.37, 19.07, 12.05, 6.64, 14.28, 19.35, 20.61, 26.39, P 值均<0.05)。Logistic 回归分析结果显示,调整性别、专 业、年级、独生子女及父亲文化程度、每月生活费、学习成绩以及朋友个数后,手机依赖组与抑郁症状呈正相关 (β=1.75, P<0.01)。 结论 医学生健康危害行为呈现类别分布,各潜类别健康危害行为与抑郁症状关联不同。提示学校卫生工作者在 今后的教育活动中应针对医学生不同类别的健康危害行为制定个体化干预方案,进行分层干预,缓解抑郁症状,促进学生 心理健康。

Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms and COVID-19

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led governments worldwide to implement unprecedented response strategies. While crucial to limiting the spread of the virus, “social distancing” may lead to severe psychological consequences, especially in lonely individuals.MethodsWe used cross-sectional (n = 380) and longitudinal (n = 74) designs to investigate the links between loneliness, anxiety, and depression symptoms (ADS) and COVID-19 risk perception and affective response in young adults who implemented social distancing during the first 2 weeks of the state of epidemic threat in Poland.ResultsLoneliness was correlated with ADS and with affective response to COVID-19’s threat to health. However, increased worry about the social isolation and heightened risk perception for financial problems was observed in lonelier individuals. The cross-lagged influence of the initial affective response to COVID-19 on subsequent levels of loneliness was also found.ConclusionThe reciprocal connections between loneliness and COVID-19 response may be of crucial importance for ADS during the COVID-19 crisis.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF ADJUSTMENT DISORDER IN INTERNALLY DISPLACED WOMEN

The aim: To study the clinical features of internally displaced women with adjustment disorders. Materials and methods: Clinical features of internally displaced women with adjustment disorders are investigated. Comprehensive clinical psychopathological and psychodiagnostic assessment of 58 women have been conducted, their medical history data have been analyzed. Results: According to the analysis of the questionnaire severity of psychopathological symptoms prevalence of phobic anxiety, somatization with the presence of distress were observed in internally displaced women. In the clinical presentation of psychopathological disorders, the following symptoms of anxiety-depressive syndrome complex prevailed: mental fatigue 93.1 ± 3.9%; decrease in working capacity in 89.7 ± 4.2% of women; decrease in mood 79.3 ± 6.9%; anxiety 75.7 ± 3.8%; decrease in libido in 65.7 ± 4.9%; physical fatigue - 51.7 ± 4.4% of the examined. Conclusions: Analysis of clinical and psychopathological symptoms of women with adjustment disorder indicates the dominance in the structure of symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms in mixed and isolated forms. According to the analysis of the questionnaire of severity of psychopathological symptoms, in internally displaced women, the prevalence of phobic anxiety, somatization with the presence of distress was observed.

Forekomsten av angst- og depresjonssymptomer hos samiske og ikke-samiske elever i videregående skole i Finnmark i 1994 og 2014

Kvernmo S, Bye RS. The prevalence of anxiety- and depression symptoms in Sami and non-Samihigh school students in Finnmark county in 1994 and 2014. Nor J Epidemiol 2019; 28 (1-2): 15-25.ENGLISH SUMMARYAs much as 15-20% of children and adolescents in Norway, aged 3-18 years, are suffering from anxiety,depressive or behavioral problems. Recent studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of emotionalproblems among adolescents during the last decades. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalenceand the sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms in IndigenousSami and non-Sami adolescents in 1994 to 2014.Data from 1655 high school students in the Young in North (Ung i Nord) study from 1994 was comparedto data from 1856 high school students in Ungdata, conducted in 2014 in the same area. Similar andcomparable measures were applied in the two studies with SCL-12 as the main measure. The resultsshowed an increase in the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms from 1994 compared to 2014,but a decrease in behavioral problems. At both years females reported more problems. No significantethnic differences occurred in rates of problems between indigenous Sami and non-Sami adolescents at anytime point. Across gender and ethnic groups, self-esteem and the students' relationship to the school werethe two strongest predictors.Conclusion: This study confirmed findings from other studies of an increase of rates of anxiety anddepression symptoms in older adolescents over the last decades, but also in types of significant predictors.Our findings entail a future need for prevention and treatment offers to adolescents suffering from anxietyand depression problems.

Physical activity, approach-avoidance temperament and depressive symptoms

The goal was to assess the connections between vigorous physical activity (VPA), approach-avoidance temperament and depressive symptoms. Two studies were conducted. Study 1, correlational, to assess the mediating role of both dimensions of temperament, approach-avoidance contrast, between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Participants, 335 college students, completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Depressive Symptoms Scale (DSS) and the Approach-Avoidance Temperament Questionnaire (Ap-AvTQ). Results showed that approach-avoidance contrast could be considered a potential mediator between VPA and depressive symptoms. The global model was significant, F(2, 351)=3.22, p&amp;lt;.001, R2=14.91%, R2 adjusted=14.42%, and the bootstrapped upper and lower limits did not contain zero with the lower limit at -.05 and the upper at -14, suggesting a connection between VPA and depressive symptoms mediated by the approach-avoidance contrast temperament. Study 2, longitudinal, to test if a physical activity program could produce changes in approach-avoidance contrast temperament, manipulating the depressive symptoms. A VPA program was conducted with 149 college students. Participants completed the DSS and the Ap-AvTQ. The true intraindividual change modeling technique, a more direct approach to modeling interindividual differences in intraindividual change without using a control group, showed that participants’ depressive symptoms were predicted through the mediation of the approach-avoidance contrast temperament (γ=-.36, p&amp;lt;.001). VPA was positively linked to the approach-avoidance contrast temperament that was negatively connected to depressive symptoms, and negatively linked to the approach-avoidance contrast temperament that was positively connected to depressive symptoms. It seems possible to influence depressive symptoms through approach-avoidance contrast temperament using VPA.

Epidemiology of Vascular Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women. Experience of aMultidisciplinary Climacteric Clinic at a Public Hospital in Buenos Aires

BackgroundVascular events in women increase after menopause. In order to reduce their impacton morbidity and mortality, vascular risk factors should be detected and controlled.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze vascular risk factors in climacteric womencomparing differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and toevaluate the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia in associationwith age and/or postmenopause.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included all the women who consecutively attended theMultidisciplinary Climacteric Clinic for symptoms related to alterations and/or cessationof menstruation between 2004 and 2009. Age, blood pressure, waist circumference(WC), body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, HDL-C,LDL-C, triglycerides, metabolic syndrome (MS), sedentarism, smoking (SMK) anddepression symptoms were evaluated.ResultsOf the 440 women analyzed in the study, with mean age 51.4 ± 5.2 years and medianage 51.0 years, 62.5% were postmenopausal. Hypertension was found in 22.1% ofwomen, diabetes mellitus in 4.2%, total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL in 67.7%, HDL-C 88 cm in 45.0%, WC > 80cm in 75.1%, BMI > 25 in 64.5%, MS in 19.4%, sedentarism in 51.7%, smoking in22.5% and depression symptoms in 69.8%. Postmenopausal women had higher totalcholesterol levels and lower weight. Those with more than 5 years of amenorrheahad both higher total cholesterol and weight. Smokers were younger. Hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia were associated with older age but not with postmenopause.ConclusionsDyslipidemia, overweight, sedentarism and depression symptoms were prevalentacross all groups. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were associated with aging.

Cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in dementia

The vascular depression hypothesis and our recent findings of increased frequency of spontaneous cerebral emboli in dementia suggest that such emboli may be involved in the causation of depressive symptoms in dementia. To evaluate the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. In a cohort of 142 patients with dementia (72 with Alzheimer's disease and 70 with vascular dementia), the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli and clinically relevant depressive symptoms was examined using multiple logistic regression analyses. Spontaneous cerebral emboli were significantly more frequent in the patients with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (66 v. 37%, P=0.03). After adjustment for age, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination score, type of dementia and significant cardiovascular risk factors, the relationship remained significant (OR=3.47, 95% CI 1.10-10.97). Spontaneous cerebral emboli are associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms in dementia, and further research is needed to explore the nature of this relationship.

Memory complaints as a precursor of memory impairment in older people: a longitudinal analysis over 7–8 years

There is considerable dispute about the validity of memory complaints. While some studies find that complaints are an early indicator of dementia or cognitive decline, there are also many studies showing that complaints are more closely associated with negative affect (depression, anxiety and neuroticism). The present paper used three-wave longitudinal data to test three hypotheses: (1) that memory complaints reflect an evaluation of present and past memory performance; (2) that memory complaints predict future memory performance; and (3) that memory complaints predict current and future negative affect. A longitudinal study was carried out with a community sample of people aged 70 and over. Participants were assessed for memory complaints, memory performance and negative affect at three waves separated by 3.6 years and 4.0 years. There were 331 persons with data on all relevant variables. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Significant paths in the structural model were found from memory performance to future memory complaints, as well as from memory complaints to future memory performance, supporting hypotheses 1 and 2. Memory complaints were associated with current negative affect, but did not predict future negative affect. Memory complaints do reflect perceptions of past memory performance and are also an early manifestation of memory impairment. However, current negative affect (anxiety and depression symptoms) shows the greatest association with memory complaints.

Interpersonal sensitivity and social problem-solving : Relations with academic and social self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and academic performance

This study investigated the relation betweeninterpersonal sensitivity and social problem-solving aspredictors of three outcomes in a college population (N= 207): self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and academic performance. Consistent with predictions,interpersonal sensitivity was related to problem-solving-- in particular, negative problem orientation. Bothinterpersonal sensitivity and social problem-solving were significant predictors of self-esteem anddepressive symptoms, each accounting for uniquevariance. Interpersonal sensitivity was a significantpredictor of academic performance, for both males and females. However, in females, social problemsolving was not related to academic performance. Inmales, negative problem orientation and dysfunctionalproblem-solving styles were important aspects of problem solving related to academic performance. Theresults are discussed in terms of the identification of“at risk” college students.