Ancient Legacy Research Articles

Building Identities: Ancient Legacies and Modern Visions in Architecture of the Americas

Review of Antes de America: Fuentes originarias en la cultura moderna, an exhibition at the at Fundación Juan March, Madrid, Spain, 6 October 2023–10 March 2024, curated by Manuel Fontán del Junco, María Toledo Gutiérrez, and Rodrigo Gutiérrez Viñuales. This exhibition explored the artistic and architectural connections between Spain and the Americas, focusing on the reinterpretation of the forms and meanings of ancient Indigenous cultures of the American continent from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. It also highlighted the fascination with ‘the ancestral’, a paradigm that has significantly influenced the aesthetics of both the recent past and the present.

Innovative integration of chitosan biopolymer for felt-free woolen fabric: A synergistic approach with digital textile printing

Wool, renowned for its ancient legacy and unique attributes, is a prized textile fiber with versatile applications in various domains. However, the susceptibility to shrinkage due to the scaly structure of overlapping cells (scales) in the cuticle poses a challenge, prompting the widespread adoption of chlorination to enhance resistance to felting and shrinkage. This research explores the potential of chitosan biopolymer as an effective anti-felting agent and enhancer of wool dyeability. With its non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties, chitosan is a promising substitute for various textile finishes. Recent innovations include chitosan’s contribution to improving the digital printing process, particularly in enhancing color strength and sharpness on cotton fabric. Identifying a research gap in exploring the synergistic potential of chitosan for anti-felting, this study introduces an alkaline hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment to enhance chitosan absorption through the pad-dry-cure method. Chitosan, acting as a binder, is strategically applied in the pre-treatment to fix pigments with reactive inks during inkjet printing. Critical process parameters, such as chitosan concentration, curing temperature, and time, were optimized for area shrinkage (%) to achieve a felt-free property for wool. Subsequent optimization focuses on color strength, print sharpness, and washing durability of digitally printed patterns. The results obtained from this research were quite promising in terms of K/S value, wettability, pilling behavior, tensile strength, edge sharpness, washing fastness, and fabric shrinkage resistance.

ANCIENT ROOTS TO MODERN SOCIETY: INDIAS SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

Indias social transformation is a journey marked by the interplay of ancient traditions and modern influences. This paper explores the evolution of Indias social fabric from its early Vedic roots to its current standing as a dynamic and diverse society. The analysis delves into the enduring impact of religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions on contemporary social structures, highlighting how these ancient legacies have shaped the modern Indian ethos. By examining key historical milestones, such as the contribution of empires, colonialism, and the independence movement, the study reveals the complex ways in which India has navigated the challenges of modernity while preserving its rich heritage. The discussion also addresses the ongoing struggles and adaptations within Indian society, including caste dynamics, gender roles, and the quest for social equity, emphasizing the continuous process of negotiation between tradition and modernity. Through this exploration, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Indias social transformation, underscoring the nations ability to adapt and innovate while remaining rooted in its ancient cultural wisdom.Indias social transformation encompasses changes in various societal aspects, including institutions, structure, culture, and philosophy. The goals of social transformation in India are evolutionary in strategy but revolutionary in content. Leaders of the Indian independence movement understood that social structure, history, and tradition form the foundation of society, setting the parameters for social reform plans, objectives, and methods.

Riccio, Ruzante, and the Localized Languages of Renaissance Bronze

Andrea Riccio was renowned for making bronze statuettes of classical subjects, especially satyrs. His sculptures have long been associated with humanist culture in Padua, where he worked, but this article reveals how they also engaged regional vernacular traditions in the aftermath of the War of the League of Cambrai. An impactful source was Ruzante's plurilingual comedy “La Pastoral.” Confronting Venetian hegemony, Riccio and Ruzante revitalized Padua's ancient legacy by molding the pastoral around popular concerns. While Renaissance bronze casting and dialect literature have been analyzed independently, their local interchange demonstrates sculpture's potency in addressing interests shared among artisans and writers.

Alcances y límites de Hegel como intérprete e interlocutor de la historia de la filosofía antigua

To appreciate how Hegel confronts the ancient legacy, are in order differentiated readings and different hermeneutic criteria Hegel used to critically review the history of philosophy: issues that have not always been taken into consideration to account for the value of the Hegelian interpretations. Hegel was a modern philosopher who vindicated the study of the history of philosophy, who provided attractive hermeneutical keys to approach the latter, and who rendered suggestive appropriations that invite a renewed reading of the classics.

Tropological Animal

Biopolitics and necropolitics have used animals as a concept to illustrate a particular human biopolitical situation, much in the “tradition” of Aristotle’s provisional biopolitics. In the Western context, not only our understanding of politics but also tropology and the conceptual apparatus itself are haunted by this ancient legacy, which underlies a vertical ontology tied to processes of spatialization and containment, a vertical ontology that enables an intelligibility of figurative translation. The article considers tropological systems as systems embedded in particular forms of governmentality, forms of the violent administration of life and death. To show how certain bodies are marked as animal or animal-like and used in the (metaphorical) processes of exclusion/inclusion, it focuses on Giorgio Agamben’s thoughts on Carolus Linnaeus and Zakiyyah Iman Jackson’s analysis of metaphorics in the most recent (r)evolutionary theory, symbiogenesis, developed by Lynn Margulis. Moreover, to radically disturb the graduated ontological premises of traditional stylistics and tropology, we move beyond existing conceptualizations of the body and the sovereign, all of which are based on de-borderization, intersections, movements, and transfigurations.

The utilization of heritage in the poetry of Hazem Rashk Al-Tamimi

Heritage is an ancient legacy that consists of words and meanings, or quotations from the Quran and the Prophet's Hadith, or some old common terms that were used by the general public at that time. These words included customs, traditions, some superstitions and proverbs. The poet employs them in a way that attracts the recipient. The poet Hazem Rashk Al-Tamimi employed heritage from a religious point of view and from a social aspect and what the Iraqi people went through of calamities, crises and successive wars that deprived the people of security and peace. The poet used inherited words through the employment of symbol and myth and he was fascinated by the symbol in many of his poems. Critics considered the use of heritage by the poet as a distinguished creativity for him, and also considered his presence on the literary scene through the relationship between the past heritage and the present to complete a future fabric for us by employing this heritage for what it carries of dimensions, events and influential personalities throughout the ages. The poet dealt with heritage with a literary, artistic and critical sense in addressing various contemporary issues, and this interaction resulted in creativity in employing the nation's heritage and its origins, thus producing a new form that elevates the literary work.

The Impact of Taiwan’s Status on US-Chinese Relations Under President Joe Biden

The international standing has an impact on the strategic importance of the country in its relations with other regional and international countries. The strategic position of Taiwan has an impact on the US-Chinese relations, as it is one of the most important issues that raise dispute between the two countries. The while the Chinese consider Taiwan is an ancient legacy of their republic, and an integral part of it, the Americans consider it as an area linking the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, through which it intends to help its allies (Japan and South Korea). Moreover, Taiwan has huge economic importance as it is one of the largest manufacturers of electronic chips and semiconductors. This fact represents one of the most important issues of disagreement between the United States, which seeks to seize these delicate materials in its delicate industries, and China, which is trying to monopolize them to be the only country producing these materials, because it owns 5% of the electronic chip industries, and Taiwan owns 75% of its industries in the world. If the Chinese succeed in returning Taiwan, they will acquire thin industries at a rate of 80% of the total industries in the world.

The Prophylactic and Healing Effect of Woody Plants from the Spontaneous Flora

"This study, based on the information provided by the performers from Oltenia, resulting from the personal field researches, aims to analyze the therapeutic action of the woody plants from the spontaneous flora, in the prophylaxis and the healing of various diseases. In the first part we emphasized the use of the medicinal plants in phytotherapy since ancient times. In the Carpathian–Danubian–Pontic space, the healing with the help of the plants was often associated with various magical practices, the diverse practices of the healer representing ancient legacies, passed from one generation to the next, over time being noticed the constitution of an unwritten code of cures. In the investigation part, there were exemplified some cure weeds and dendromorphic symbols used by the dwellers of Oltenia for preserving their health, preventing illness and treating various diseases. These plants with a prophylactic and healing effect reveal ancient forms of ethnoiatry. Currently, in the researched area, the phytotherapeutic products, which aim to preserve or restore health, have gained considerable popularity "

Phytoconstituents Screening, TLC, And GC-MS Analysis Of Barleria Cristata Linn. Leaves Methanolic Extract

Barleria cristata Linn is an ornamental plant that grows on the sides of roads in India, China, and other countries. This plant belongs to the family Acanthaceae. In India, it is used as herbal medicine and is called Kala Bansa. It has an ancient legacy of application in folk medicine, particularly for the treatment of tuberculosis and snake bites. The purpose of the present study was a preliminary phytochemical analysis, Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis of the methanol extract of Barleria cristata Linn leaves. The preliminary phytochemical screening finding revealed compounds like Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and amino acids, and Reducing sugars. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the methanolic extract was executed for 5 essential phytoconstituents Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, and Triterpenoids. The leaf extract of this plant was analyzed using GCMS. This report revealed the 15 compounds. The bioactive chemicals were found by comparing the retention time and peak area with the literature. Barleria cristata possess various medicinal properties, so more research must be done on its traditional claims.

Bhagabat Gita and Leadership: A Correlation between the Supremacy and Practicalism

This article shows the correlation between the Bhagabat Gita which shows the ultimatum of reality and leadership in organizations. There are several studies made on these albeit topics based on various perspectives; however, only a small number of studies have shown the integration between Bhagabat Gita and ideal leadership. As a result, this article will not only fill the blank spot between the orthodox ancient legacy and the modern organizational scenario but it’ll also connect the dots between ancient Indian Philosophy and modern technological development. From per general perspective, Bhagabat Gita shows the path of enlightenment which not only helps to be spiritually developed but also helps a leader in upliftment on the ladder of career. Generally, the Spiritual perspective is only the fringe of the Bhagabat Gita, but if a prudent ambassador has that vigor to dive deep down into the ocean of Bhagabat Gita, then he/she can find the nectar of wisdom that will enable them to build not only the edifices of positive energy but also will get rid of the sycophancy of negative rulers. Bhagabat Gita shows the sacred root to unleash the skills to develop such qualities which enable them to be a better and ideal guide to their followers.

Cultural Change Shapes the Sustainable Development of Religious Ecotourism Villages in Bali, Indonesia

This research aims to determine the impact of technology, commitment, and cultural change on the sustainable development of religious ecotourism villages. This study utilized quantitative research methods. The sampling technique used was random sampling, determined by the slovin formula—data collection techniques through the distribution of questionnaires and measurement using a Likert scale. The study was done in an ecotourism village in Bali Province with a population of 155 individuals, and the sample size was 100. The Structural Equation Model using WarpPLS 5.0 software modelling was used for the statistical analysis. The results demonstrate that the technology and commitment variables have no significant effect on the development of religious ecotourism villages; however, cultural changes have a substantial effect. The development of religious ecotourism villages is the dependent variable in this study; nevertheless, the research is primarily focused on how each village develops its ecotourism, which is increasingly being activated through a religious by the government. Religion, often known as a religious tradition, has a particular role in preserving and sustaining a village’s ancient legacy. The application of the concept of religion in Bali strengthens the joints of Balinese cultural life. Ecotourism villages with religious values pay attention to surrounding customs to maintain and preserve ancestral heritage.

More Than “A Room of Antiquities” at the Global Museum: Constructing New Meanings Through the Provenance Research of an Ancient Egyptian Legacy Collection

Non-systematically excavated archaeological legacy collections of antiquities are often undervalued or overlooked by museums because of their unknown provenience and questionable or problematic provenance. This article describes how extensive research into the provenance of an ancient Egyptian legacy collection purchased in Egypt in 1884 by Adolph Sutro that is now stewarded by the Global Museum at San Francisco State University exposes a new expansive research potential for the collection, enabling Museum Studies students and faculty and museum staff to construct innovative interpretive frameworks through integrated Museum Studies curriculum, educational public programming, and exhibitions of the collection in the museum. This case study underscores the importance of provenance research for contextualizing legacy collections and illustrates how this research can be a catalyst for important discussions of the antiquities trade, colonial collecting practices, public educational significance, and ethical collection stewardship, curation, and display.

МІФОЛОГІЧНІ ОБРАЗИ В ЛАТИНСЬКОМОВНІЙ ПОЕЗІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО БАРОКО

The article examines the peculiarities of mythological characters in the Latin poetry of the baroque period in Ukraine. This period contributed a lot to intercultural relations between Ukraine and Western Europe and gave a birth to the phenomenon of the baroque Ukrainian poetry, written in Latin language. In the present paper much research has been devoted to the poetic works of Theophan Prokopovych, Grygoriy Vyshnevsky and Ilarion Yaroshevytsky; their poetic texts are found in printed editions ("Elegia paraenetica", "Epinikion", "Elegia Alexii", "Comparatio vitae monasticae", "Descriptiuncula Kijowiae", "Possesoris horum librorum luctuosum vale") and manuscripts ("Iter laureatum", "Cupido seu amor alatus"). The study analyzes the poetry in various genres, such as panegyric, elegy, epigram, lyrical poem. Addressing to the ancient legacy was defined as the sufficient and necessary feature of the baroque style. The article suggests the idea that a poet gives a preference to one or another mythological character in his individual author's interpretation. The analysis of the poetic texts reveals the most productive mythological characters, which can be classified into the following categories: 1) art (Apollo with the Muses, the winged horse Pegasus); 2) martial arts (Mars); 3) celebrations (Bacchus, Hymenaeus); 4) love (Venus, Cupid, Cypride ); 5) natural phenomena (Aurora, Lucifer, Phosphorus, Titan, Zephyrus, Thetis). The research has demonstrated that contamination of the two worldviews was natural for the baroque poet. This contamination was embodied in the bizarre combination of Christian and ancient elements in their literary works. It was traced that Latin poets of the Ukrainian baroque completely followed the literary traditions of the classical theory of poetry, what was marked in the form of the poetic work and its content.

Michel Foucault and Antiquity: Between the philosophical historicism and the history of thought

Michel Foucault was well known as an epistemologist, historicist, and historian of thought. His analyses of ancient culture are a crucial moment for his doctrine of the becoming of the subject. The Foucaultian version of the ancient legacy in modern and contemporary Western culture shows clearly its aspects in the opposition of Pierre Hadot’s doctrine. If Hadot accents the mystic mode of subjectivation, Foucault tends to the modes of dandyism and the esthetics of existence. At the same time, both of them belong to the same tradition in the history of the Western intellectual culture that traces the meaning of the human being in the perfectibility and concern of self. This article detects the roots of Foucaultian historicist position and origins of his conceptualization of the care of the self. The Foucaultian conceptualization mixes platonic concerns of the government of self, Nietzschean critics of Kantianism, and the Heideggerian approach to the philosophy of history, the sum of which in this case is radical historicism. As a result, Foucault proposes a contemporary version of the ancient practice of self and asserts the understanding of philosophy of the self. The author’s theses is that the focus of Foucauldian philosophy is the care of self as the basic mode of subjectivation in the political and ethical realms of the Western culture.

Антиковедение как философия культуры: Фаддей Зелинский и Карл Кереньи

The article discusses the concept of three “Renaissances”, as outlined by Tadeusz Zielinski in the essay “The Ancient World in the Poetry of Apollon Maykov" (1899). By “Renaissances” Zielinski meant the periodic appeals of a particular European culture to the ancient legacy and, at the same time, the beneficial cultural consequences of such appeals. According to Zielinski, two renaissances of antiquity have already taken place: the “Italian” and the “Germanic” (in the 18th–19th centuries); the next should be the “Slavonic” Renaissance. The object of attention is the imagery of Zielinski, who compares the influence of antiquity on new cultures with an oceanic flow that carries the heat of the south to the cold shores of northern Europe. It is shown that Zielinski is influenced by his immediate sources — the cultural and philosophical constructions of Hippolyte Taine and Friedrich Paulsen. It is argued that Paulsen’s text depends on Taine’s, and Zielinski uses them both. The corresponding views of Russian philologists and philosophers, who shared Zielinski’s concept, are considered. On the example of the “Hungarian” works of Karl Kerényi of the 1930s, it is shown that the belief in the beneficence and the need for the revival of antiquity for national culture was not an exclusively Russian phenomenon, but was a basic ideological archetype of the international community of European classical philologists and scholars of the first half of the 20th century.

Reflections on the City of Alexandria and the growth of the early Christian faith

The city of Alexandria in Egypt was and remains the centre of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, and it was one of the major centres of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire. St. Mark the Evangelist was the founder of the See, and the Patriarchate's emblem is the Lion of Saint Mark. It was in this city where the Christian faith was vigorously promoted, and in which Hellenic culture flourished. The first theological school of Christendom was stablished which drove catechesis and the study of religious philosophy to new heights. It was greatly supported in its quest by numerous champions of the faith and early Church Fathers such as inter-alia, Pantaenus, Clement, Dionysius, Gregory, Eusebius, Athanasius, Didymus and Origen. Both the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria and also the Coptic Church, lay claim to the ancient legacy of Alexandria. By the time of the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE, the city had lost much of its significance. Today the Greek or Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria remains a very important organ the dissemination of Christianity in Africa especially due to its missionary activities. The head bishop of the Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa, Theodore II, and his clerics are performing meritorious works on the continent to the glory of God’s Kingdom. This article traces, albeit it in a limited sense, the history of the faith in Alexandria using a desk-top research methodology. In order to trace Alexandria’s historical development and especially its Christian religious focus, existing relevant primary and secondary data considered to be relevant was utilised including research material published in academic articles, books, bibliographic essays, Biblical and Church documents, electronic documents and websites.

Adventism and Minahasan Culinary Identity

The debate between the culture and religion in Minahasa invites attention. The culture considers the existence of religion as a threat and potentially could destroy indigenous cultural identity. On the flip side, the religion regards cultural activities as an ancient legacy that bears no significance to theological worldview and modern civilization. Adventism, a Protestant denomination that shares extra attention to food doctrine, performs inhospitality toward Minahasan culinary identity. Engagement to consuming animal’s flesh, and even extreme food such as pork, rat, bat, dog, cat, spices ingredients, cap tikus, and related festivals that involves potluck, however, against Adventist teaching. Therefore, this essay conducts exploration to grasp how Adventism teaching could perform hospitality toward Minahasan culinary identity. This research occupies a qualitative approach and equips journals, books, and other references to contribute to the tension. In conclusion, Adventism should define the culture as a social bonding and expression of Minahasa. Minahasan culinary identity is not a theological or religious concern; instead, it should be defined as a sociology reflection. By doing so, Adventism will able to perform hospitality toward the culture.

Abandoned landscape project design

Conversion and transformation of historic buildings and industrial site reclamation projects are becoming topics of renewed interest. Many industrial buildings beckon architecture design theory to revitalize urban areas and make new use of public space. Ruins and historic sites speak to us about the need to rethink settings which belong to long-lost ages and yet are contemporary in the stories they reveal. There are present-day problematic and sensitive areas (abandoned quarries, ex industrial plants, landfills, etc.) which inspire renewed critical thinking; themes of memory and recollection touch us in the here and now. In contrast with the 1970s and 1980 s’ tendency to treat such topics with a mix of lightheartedness and nostalgia, the projects presented in this work regard history as a process of revision and reclamation of profound spatial and social principles. Contact with historic, industrial and modern spaces pushes us to apply new methodological approaches in an effort to re-write the present. In fact, nowadays it is imperative that we engage a relationship with the past which takes into consideration not only ancient legacies but also those entrenched in 20th century crises—uncomfortable memories often embodied in areas of great landscape or historic value. How are we to approach our relationship with these legacies? Critical studies illustrate the value of those projects capable of breathing new life into the fabric of urban space by creating public areas and city parks. Memory, seemingly pushed into a playful, irreverently lighthearted vein for years, is thus allowed once again to speak to us of the human and social desire to reclaim time and provide urban and suburban areas with new opportunities for regeneration and growth.

Domestic Slaughter in Southern Italy, with special reference to Campania Region

The relationships between animals and humans date back thousands of years. Cultures around the world developed specific ways of interacting with the fauna over time, so that human communities accumulated a huge deposit of animal knowledge closely integrated with many other anthropological aspects focused on the human-animal relationship. Through the administration of a questionnaire-interview, in this work we studied ritual aspects related to animal slaughter, as well as the link between the slaughterhouse and the time of the year. Moreover, the apotropaic uses of Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 and Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777, by local rural communities, were analyzed. The data we collected come with important witnesses, supported by old pictures and tools used during the slaughter that reinforced the story of the interviewee, allowing to draw a timeline after which the relationship between man and farm animals moves and gets modified. These almost forgotten rituals constitute an important ethnozoological knowledge to be integrated into our human cultural heritage. To the best of our data, this is the first study documenting the apotropaic uses of Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 and Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777. All the questionnaires, administered in Campania, were analyzed and compared in the search of ritual customs, archaic beliefs and ancient legacies still present today and inherited from elder times. Rites surrounding animal slaughter aimed at communicating with the divine and at explaining all those processes that cannot be readily answered. Man, by making animals the protagonists of mythological tales and investing them with a sacred force, has linked to the slaughtering act a psychological component that has led the killing itself to being configured as a ritual. From the witnesses gathered, interesting parallelisms emerged stimulating thoughts on a serious and complex dichotomy of our present-day society: a meat-based diet versus the total rejection of it.Integrating scientific knowledge with local ecological ones, the informations collected in this work can be used to design an effective and targeted conservation management strategy for these mammals as valid alternative to intensive farming.