Anchor Groups Research Articles

Tailoring Diversified Peripheral Anchor Groups in Spirofluorene‐Dithiolane‐Based Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells from First‐Principle

AbstractThis quantum mechanical approach recommends push–pull molecular engineering to fabricate hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) for photovoltaic cells. It integrates acceptor moieties via thiophene to fluorene core, resulting in five novel HTMs (SFD‐1 to SFD‐5). The results exhibit that derivative HTMs show excellent coherence in excitation, dispersion, and transportation of charge carriers, ensuring robust hole mobility. The anchor moieties functionalized HTMs unveil excellent band alignment with perovskite with fitting HOMO energy levels (−4.93–−5.35 eV), less optical absorption in visible portion ( < 520). This acceptor integration has improved the hole mobility in derivatives, accredited to the smaller hole reorganization energy (0.14–0.68 eV), and greater hole transfer integral (0.22–0.33 eV). The transition density matrix analysis exhibited robust electronic coupling, subtler charge carrier overlapping and greater charge transfer length (7.48–13.73 Å). This resulted in an excellent upsurge in intrinsic charge transference (70.75–92.70%) and smaller exciton binding energy, leading to easier exciton dissociation, and fewer recombination fatalities. However, an adequate variation in dipole moment (4.04 D to 16.34 D) and Gibbs solvation‐free energy (−18.06 to −21.89 kcal mol−1) ensures facile film formation and processability. In conclusion, this approach recommends these flourene‐based HTMs are highly desireable for forthcoming solar cell technology.

Shape-persistent ladder molecules exhibit nanogap-independent conductance in single-molecule junctions.

Molecular electronic devices require precise control over the flow of current in single molecules. However, the electron transport properties of single molecules critically depend on dynamic molecular conformations in nanoscale junctions. Here we report a unique strategy for controlling molecular conductance using shape-persistent molecules. Chemically diverse, charged ladder molecules, synthesized via a one-pot multicomponent ladderization strategy, show a molecular conductance (d[log(G/G0)]/dx ≈ -0.1 nm-1) that is nearly independent of junction displacement, in stark contrast to the nanogap-dependent conductance (d[log(G/G0)]/dx ≈ -7 nm-1) observed for non-ladder analogues. Ladder molecules show an unusually narrow distribution of molecular conductance during dynamic junction displacement, which is attributed to the shape-persistent backbone and restricted rotation of terminal anchor groups. These principles are further extended to a butterfly-like molecule, thereby demonstrating the strategy's generality for achieving gap-independent conductance. Overall, our work provides important avenues for controlling molecular conductance using shape-persistent molecules.

Failure mechanism of fully grouted rock bolts subjected to pullout test: Insights from coupled FDM‐DEM simulation

AbstractFully grouted rock bolts are widely used in mining, tunneling, and pit support, and thus the study of their anchorage performance is beneficial for optimizing the anchorage system design. In this study, an FDM‐DEM coupled numerical model is established to simulate the whole process of rock bolt pullout test and to investigate the failure mechanism of fully grouted rock bolts. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with existing laboratory test results. Virtual experiments are conducted on different models by eliminating the anchor plate, changing the layered rock strata condition, and adding bolts. The results show that the presence of an anchor plate will reduce tensile stress to restrain the rupture of surrounding rock and thus improve the strengthening effect. Due to the different bond strength and tensile strength of the soft and hard rock mediums, the layer sequence of the rock strata affects the maximum pullout force. The upper‐soft and lower‐hard composite rock strata (S‐HCR) exhibits single‐cone damage while the upper‐hard and lower‐soft composite rock strata (H‐SCR) exhibits double‐cone damage. The superposition effect of the anchor group on the stresses and displacements is the reason leading to the reduction of the maximum load‐bearing capacity of the rock bolts.

A Pyridine Anchoring Strategy for Dye‐Sensitized Photocatalysis

AbstractAnchoring groups play an important role in the assembly of functional molecules onto semiconductor substrates for dye‐sensitized photocatalysis. In addition to directly influencing the adsorption stability, anchoring groups significantly impact the efficiency of electron or hole injection into the substrate, which is a crucial step for photocatalytic reactions. Most reported dye‐sensitized photocatalytic systems, including semiconductor nanoparticles and photoelectrochemical cells, are prepared using the carboxylic or phosphonic acid anchors. The systems prepared with these conventional anchors usually suffer from low adsorption stability in aqueous media. Alternatively, pyridine has emerged as an anchoring group of photosensitizers and molecular catalysts in the construction of photocatalytic systems. The resulting semiconductor nanoparticles and photoelectrodes show superior adsorption stability in aqueous media, providing a simple and efficient way to sensitize the metal or metal oxide substrate. This review focuses on the recent advances of such a pyridine anchoring strategy in the assembly of photosensitizers and molecular catalysts for photocatalytic applications, mainly including photocatalytic water oxidation, reduction, and splitting. The further exploration and understanding of the pyridine‐anchoring method are believed to boost the development of advanced dye‐sensitized photocatalytic devices and technologies.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Group Anchor Performance of Wooden Bolts in Rammed Earthen Sites

ABSTRACT Challenges remain in understanding the interaction mechanisms and influencing factors of multi-anchor systems. To investigate this matter, this study conducted nine full-scale model experiments examining the pulling resistance and failure modes of wood bolts embedded in rammed earth. These experiments varied bolt numbers (2, 3, 4), spacings (500 mm, 1000 mm, 1500 mm), and embedment depths (200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm). Key factors and their levels for the group anchoring effect in the model tests were determined through orthogonal analysis. Among these factors, embedment depth exerted the most significant influence on pulling resistance, followed by bolt spacing and number. Furthermore, a numerical simulation method for wooden anchor group systems was developed using the “contact surface” element in FLAC 3D finite difference simulation software. This method considered factors such as bolt number, spacing, edges, embedment depth, and the layered nature of the compacted soil. It analyzed stress distribution and transmission laws across various interfaces within the anchoring system and the compacted soil, thereby supplementing and expanding upon the findings of the model experiments. These findings enhance understanding of the complex interplay between multi-anchor systems and soil, providing a scientific foundation for analyzing mechanical behavior in similar anchoring applications.

The Relationship Between All-Suture and Solid Medial-Row Anchors and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Double-Row Suture Bridge Rotator Cuff Repair.

The use of all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair is increasing. Potential benefits include decreased bone loss and decreased damage to the chondral surface. Minimal evidence exists comparing outcomes among medial-row anchor fixation methods in double-row suture bridge rotator cuff repair. To compare the clinical outcomes between all-suture and solid medial-row anchors in double-row suture bridge rotator cuff repair. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. A total of 352 patients (mean age at surgery, 60.3 years) underwent double-row suture bridge rotator cuff repair at our institution. Patients were separated into 2 groups based on whether they underwent all-suture (n = 280) or solid (n = 72) anchor fixation for the medial row. Outcomes data were collected via an ongoing longitudinal data repository or through telephone calls (minimum follow-up time, 2.0 years; mean follow-up time, 3.0 years). Outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) standardized shoulder assessment form and the visual analog scale (VAS). The same rehabilitation protocol was administered to all patients. The proportions of patients meeting previously published Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds were calculated for the outcome measures, and outcome scores and the proportions of patients meeting PASS thresholds between groups were compared using linear and logistic regression, respectively. The groups did not differ in terms of age at surgery, sex distribution, rotator cuff tear size, or number of medial-row anchors used. The solid anchor group had a longer follow-up time compared with the all-suture anchor group (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 2.8 ± 0.8 years, respectively; P < .01). After controlling for follow-up time, the solid and all-suture anchor groups did not differ in ASES scores (89.6 ± 17.8 vs 88.8 ± 16.7, respectively; P = .44) or VAS scores (1.1 ± 2.1 vs 1.2 ± 2.1, respectively; P = .37). Similarly, after controlling for follow-up time, the solid and all-suture anchor groups did not differ in the proportions of patients meeting PASS cutoffs for the ASES (84.7% vs 80.7%, respectively; P = .44) or the VAS (80.6% vs 75.0%, respectively; P = .83). Double-row suture bridge rotator cuff repair using all-suture anchors for medial-row fixation demonstrated similar excellent clinical outcomes to rotator cuff repair using solid medial-row anchors.

The preparation of polystyrene/nickel core-shell particles for anisotropic conductive films (ACFs)

The use of core-shell conductive microspheres as conductive fillers for anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) has broad application prospects for high-precision circuit connections. However, existing preparation methods suffer from environmental pollution and a relatively long processing procedure. Therefore, we propose a bio-inspired, simple, and environmentally friendly method for preparing PS/Ni core-shell conductive particles suitable for ACFs. Specifically, this study utilized the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine (DA) to modify the surface of polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The catechol groups in polydopamine (PDA) act as both reducing agents and anchor groups for palladium (Pd) atoms to catalyze the electroless nickel plating. Results indicated that the amount of (PDA) on the PS surface and the morphology of the formed nickel-phosphor (NiP) layer were regulated by adjusting the DA polymerization time and concentrations. The prepared PS-PDA/Ni conducting particles with an average diameter of 2 ± 0.2 μm has a low density (1.5 g/cm3) and can be applied to ACFs. The application of the prepared ACFs was demonstrated by bonding two flexible print circuits (FPC) with a line spacing of 200 μm. Good adhesion, conductivity, and anisotropic properties were observed in the bonded FPC-200s. This study provides useful information for producing suitable conductive particles with easy synthesis for ACFs applications.

Analysis of floating platform-mooring system-pile-soil interactions under wave loadings: A case study of the triangle-shaped semi-submersible platform

The floating platform-mooring system-pile-soil interactions under wave loadings represent a complex yet understudied aspect of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). This paper presents the development and application of an Incompressible Material Point Method-Finite Element Method-Material Point Method (IMPM-FEM-MPM) model to simulate these interactions for a triangle-shaped semi-submersible platform (Tri-SSP), which serves as the foundation of China's first deep-sea FOWT, named ‘Fuyao.’ The proposed model is validated by studying the hydrodynamic responses of the OC4-DeepCwind platform. Under regular waves, increasing wave heights lead to heightened motion amplitudes, with the Tri-SSP exhibiting distinct phase differences between surge, pitch, and heave motions. Anchor Group 1 experiences significant peak tensions, ranging from 2.26 MN to 4.47 MN, which influence soil displacement, shear forces and bending moments along the pile shaft, emphasizing the impact of wave loading on pile-soil interactions. Under 1-h irregular waves, tension in Anchor Group 1 reaches extreme levels, with tensions up to 8 MN observed, underscoring the critical role of mooring systems in mitigating wave-induced forces. The calculated maximum stress within the pile indicates the structural integrity of the DH36 steel pile under these conditions. Comparisons of hydrodynamic responses, both with and without pile-soil interactions, show minimal discrepancies in motion amplitudes, indicating a minor influence on the dynamics of the platform and mooring system. These findings contribute to the understanding of complex interactions in deep-sea FOWTs, informing design and operational strategies for enhanced stability and performance.

The Effect of Conjugated Nitrile Structures as Acceptor Moieties on the Photovoltaic Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: DFT and TD-DFT Investigation.

A major challenge in improving the overall efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells is improving the optoelectronic properties of small molecule acceptors. This work primarily investigated the effects of conjugation in nitriles incorporated as acceptor moieties into a newly designed series of D-A-A dyes. Density functional theory was employed to specifically study how single-double and single-triple conjugation in nitriles alters the optical and electronic properties of these dyes. The Cy-4c dye with a highly conjugated nitrile unit attained the smallest band gap (1.80 eV), even smaller than that of the strong cyanacrylic anchor group (2.07 eV). The dyes lacking conjugation in nitrile groups did not contribute to the LUMO, while LUMOs extended from donors to conjugated nitrile components, facilitating intramolecular charge transfer and causing a strong bind to the film surface. Density of state analysis revealed a considerable impact of conjugated nitrile on the electronic properties of dyes through an effective contribution in the LUMO, exceeding the role of the well-known strong 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole acceptor unit. The excited state properties and the absorption spectra were investigated using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Conjugation in the nitrile unit caused the absorption band to broaden, strengthen, and shift toward the near-infrared region. The proposed dyes also showed optimum photovoltaic properties; all dyes possess high light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) values, specifically 96% for the dyes Cy-3b and Cy-4c, which had the most conjugated nitrile moieties. The dyes with higher degrees of conjugation had longer excitation lifetime values, which promote charge transfer by causing steady charge recombination at the interface. These findings may provide new insights into the structure of conjugated nitriles and their function as acceptor moieties in DSSCS, which may lead to the development of extremely effective photosensitizers for solar cells.

Orientational Effects and Molecular-Scale Thermoelectricity Control.

The orientational effect concept in a molecular-scale junction is established for asymmetric junctions, which requires the fulfillment of two conditions: (1) design of an asymmetric molecule with strong distinct terminal end groups and (2) construction of a doubly asymmetric junction by placing an asymmetric molecule in an asymmetric junction to form a multicomponent system such as Au/Zn-TPP+M/Au. Here, we demonstrate that molecular-scale junctions that satisfy the conditions of these effects can manifest Seebeck coefficients whose sign fluctuates depending on the orientation of the molecule within the asymmetric junction in a complete theoretical investigation. Three anthracene-based compounds are investigated in three different scenarios, one of which displays a bithermoelectric behavior due to the presence of strong anchor groups, including pyridyl and thioacetate. This bithermoelectricity demonstration implies that if molecules with alternating orientations can be placed between an asymmetric source and drain, they can be potentially utilized for increasing the thermovoltage in molecular-scale thermoelectric energy generators (TEGs).

Low-lying LUMO Boosts Conductance in Antiaromatic Dibenzopentalene Versus Aromatic Analogues.

Antiaromaticity is a fundamental concept in chemistry, but the study of molecular wires incorporating antiaromatic units is limited. Despite initial predictions, very few studies show that antiaromaticity has a beneficial effect on electron transport. Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) is a stable structure that displays appreciable antiaromaticity within the five-membered rings of the pentalene core. We have investigated derivatives of DBP furnished with pyridyl (Py) and F4-pyridyl (PyF4) anchor groups, and compared the conductance with purely aromatic phenyl and anthracene analogues. We find that the low-bias conductance of DBP-Py is approximately 60 % larger than that of the anthracene analogue Anth-Py and 250 % larger compared to the phenyl derivative Ph-Py. This is due to a better alignment of the LUMO with the gold Fermi level, which we confirm by conductance-voltage spectroscopy where the conductance of DBP-Py shows the greatest voltage-dependence. The F4-pyridyl compounds, which have lower LUMO energies compared to the pyridyl analogues, did not, however, form detectable molecular junctions. The strongly electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms reduce the donor capability of the nitrogen lone-pair to the point where stable N-Au bonds no longer form.

Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-diones fused with heterocycles as promising anchor groups in non-fullerene acceptors (microreview)

Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-diones fused with heterocycles as promising anchor groups in non-fullerene acceptors (microreview)

Hyperbranched porous boronate affinity imprinted hydrogels for specific separation of flavonoids under physiological pH: A emulsion interfacial assembly imprinted strategy

Hydrogel-based molecular imprinted materials have attracted much attention in separation science and technology. However, traditional hydrogel imprinting sorbents face the limited number of imprinting sites, resulting in low adsorption capacity. Herein, a novel hyperbranched boronate affinity imprinted hydrogel (APOH-BA-MIPs) was prepared based on emulsion microreactors forthe specific separation of flavoniods. Interestingly, the new Pickering particles (CNCs@GMA@SH-A-CD) with hyperbranched anchor groups and suitable hydrophilic properties were fabricated, which significantly grafted the specific recognizing sites. Meanwhile, the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) composite can effectively enhance the emulsion stability. The addition of functioned CNCs solid emulsifier would effectively enhance the mechanical stability of micro-nano imprinting assembly sorbents during the adsorption process. The mechanical properties of the resulting APOH-BA-MIPs were also improved (Young’s moduli 1.73 MPa). The results of adsorption experiments of APOH-BA-MIPs show fast adsorption kinetics (300 min) for NRG under pH = 7.4. The APOH-BA-MIPs still exhibited a significant adsorption capacity (56.03 μmol g−1at 308 K) for NRG compared to other structural analogues, such as CC, RT, QRCT, ARS and LTL. The imprinting factor (IF) of 3.24 was observed for APOH-BA-MIPs compared to their non-imprinted counterpart. The high affinity site number of APOH-BA-MIPs were calculated to be as high as 53.11 μmol g−1. The regeneration performance of APOH-BA-MIPs still remained at 93.75 % after seven adsorption–desorption cycles. Additionally, the purity can be extracted from agricultural waste pomelo peel to 91.37 %. The purified NRG exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. This work provides a new strategy for the fabrication of micr-nano imprinted sorbents with abundant and uniform recognition sites for specific capture flavonoid molecules from agricultural waste.

Testing functional anchor groups for the efficient immobilization of molecular catalysts on silver surfaces

Modifications of complexes by attachment of anchor groups are widely used to control molecule-surface interactions. This is of importance for the fabrication of (catalytically active) hybrid systems, viz. of surface immobilized molecular catalysts. In this study, the complex fac-Re(S-Sbpy)(CO)3Cl (S-Sbpy = 3,3′-disulfide-2,2′-bipyridine), a sulfurated derivative of the prominent Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl class of CO2 reduction catalysts, was deposited onto the clean Ag(001) surface at room temperature. The complex is thermostable upon sublimation as supported by infrared absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its anchoring process has been analyzed using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The growth behavior was directly contrasted to the one of the parent complex fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). The sulfurated complex nucleates as single molecule at different surface sites and at molecule clusters. In contrast, for the parent complex nucleation only occurs in clusters of several molecules at specifically oriented surface steps. While this shows that surface immobilization of the sulfurated complex is more efficient as compared to the parent, symmetry analysis of the STM topographic data supported by DFT calculations indicates that more than 90% of the complexes adsorb in a geometric configuration very similar to the one of the parent complex.

Positional heterogenization effect in salicylaldimine nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization

Positional heterogenization effect in salicylaldimine nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization

Predicting uplift capacity of group anchors in sand using 3D FELA and MARS

Similar to pile group, the process of designing an anchor group requires the determination of an efficiency factor that describes the overlapping effects of neighboring anchors. This research article introduces an efficiency factor denoted as ξ, which represents the ratio of the ultimate uplift pressure of a single anchor within a group to the ultimate uplift pressure of an isolated anchor. The primary approach employed involves advanced 3D finite element limit analysis with an adaptive meshing technique, which can be utilized to examine the uplift stability problem of 3D anchor groups. Numerical findings are compared with those obtained from previous research, incorporating both experimental and analytical results. This would ensure that our results are validated and provide valuable information into the performance of anchor groups. In addition to these findings, we introduce a MARS machine learning model, which has been trained using a dataset of 875 data points. This model is designed to establish an empirical equation that can be practically used for design purposes. To further enhance our understanding, we present the relative importance index (RII). This index allows us to identify which factors have the most significant impact on the behavior of anchor groups. In conclusion, the results presented in this article are of practical significance for the geotechnical engineering community.

Highly efficient novel unsymmetrical Zn and TiO naphthalenephthalocyanine and YD2 porphyrin dyes as co-sensitizers for DSSCs

Novel unsymmetrical zinc and oxotitanium phthalocyanine (NPcs) dyes containing 4-tert-butylsulfanyl group and carboxylic acid anchor group (ZnNSPPc and TiONSPPc) were synthesized and employed as sensitizing agents for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Synthesized NPc dyes were characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. Also, density functional theory (DFT) studies were utilized to investigate molecular structures and electronic parameters such as the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values. The DSSCs were characterized with linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, cocktails of synthesized NPc dyes with YD2 porphyrin at different ratios were prepared to acquire high-efficiency solar cells. DSSCs that were sensitized with only ZnNSPPc and TiONSPPc have photon conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 5.59 % and 6.23 %, respectively. For DSSCs sensitized with cocktail dyes, the highest efficiency belongs to the YD2-ZnNSPPc mixture (3:1), with a value of 11.64 % due to the panchromatic effect.

Charge Transport Enhancement in Some Acene-Based Molecular Junctions

The field of single molecule electronics research has been spurred by the need to add functionality to next-generation electronic circuits and the desire to miniaturize devices. We focused on some acenebased molecular junctions, in which molecules are connected to Au electrodes via anchor groups. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and charge transport nature of the junction were examined by employing the density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with the non-equilibrium Green's functional (NEGF) formalism. Particular attention was paid to the anchoring groups (NH2, S, CN, and SH), chemical impurity doping (B, N, and NB), and side groups (-CH3, -NH2, and –NO2). The findings demonstrate that the FMOs can change depending on the dopants or substituents employed. Additionally, it is noted that depending on the materials employed, charge transfer may be p-type or ntype. It is discovered that the molecular junctions have the highest conductivity when cyanides are used as anchor groups. It is therefore the ideal anchor material to utilize with tetracene and pentacene molecules. Understanding and creating n-type or p-typed high conductivity single molecule electronic components can be greatly aided by these discoveries.

Signatures of Topological States in Conjugated Macrocycles.

Single-molecule electrical junctions possess a molecular core connected to source and drain electrodes via anchor groups, which feed and extract electricity from specific atoms within the core. As the distance between electrodes increases, the electrical conductance typically decreases, which is a feature shared by classical Ohmic conductors. Here we analyze the electrical conductance of cycloparaphenylene (CPP) macrocycles and demonstrate that they can exhibit a highly nonclassical increase in their electrical conductance as the distance between electrodes increases. We demonstrate that this is due to the topological nature of the de Broglie wave created by electrons injected into the macrocycle from the source. Although such topological states do not exist in isolated macrocycles, they are created when the molecule is in contact with the source. They are predicted to be a generic feature of conjugated macrocycles and open a new avenue to implementing highly nonclassical transport behavior in molecular junctions.

Magnetic resonance imaging for relationship between the severity of perianchor fluid collection and rotator cuff integrity after arthroscopic double-row suture-bridge rotator cuff repair

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to assess perianchor fluid collection (PFC) severity of medial anchor and rotator cuff integrity association after arthroscopic double-row suture-bridge rotator cuff repair (RCR) and the secondary purpose was to identify the demographic and radiologic risk factors for high-grade PFC. HypothesisRe-tear rate would be significant higher in patients with high-grade PFC. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with arthroscopic double-row suture-bridge RCR for full-thickness rotator cuff tear (RCT) at our institution between February 2012 and May 2018. Based on the PFC severity, they were divided into the no-fluid (no fluid collection), low-grade (minimal or local fluid collection around the anchor), and high-grade (fluid collection beyond the entire length of the anchor) groups. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 6 months postoperatively for assessing PFC severity and repaired rotator cuff integrity association, besides evaluating correlation between severity and various demographic and radiologic factors, including work level (low/medium/high) and RCT size. ResultsThis study included 312 patients, 181 (58%) in the no fluid group, 82 (26.3%) in the low-grade PFC group, and 49 (15.7%) in the high-grade PFC group. Re-tear occurred in 73 (23.4%) patients and was more frequent in the high-grade group (26/49 [53.1%]) than in the no-fluid (27/181 [14.9%]; p<0.001) and low-grade (20/82 [24.4%]; p=0.001) groups, without statistically significant differences between the latter two (p=0.082). Among the demographic factors, work level (low/medium/high) differed significantly between the no-fluid (22.1%/58.0%/19.9%), low-grade (25.7%/46.3%/28.0%), and high-grade (26.5%/34.7%/38.8%) groups (p=0.026). Among the radiologic factors, the mediolateral tear size differed significantly between the three groups (no-fluid group: 1.7±0.8cm, low-grade group: 1.8±0.6cm, high-grade group: 2.2±1.0cm; p=0.003). Multivariate regression analysis showed that mediolateral tear size (odds ratio: 1.821; 95% confidence interval: 1.258–2.636; p=0.001) was an independent risk factor for high-grade PFC. ConclusionsAfter arthroscopic double-row suture-bridge RCR, the highest re-tear rate was observed in patients with high-grade PFC, while there was no significant difference in rates between no-fluid and low-grade PFC groups. As PFC severity increased, the risk of re-tear increased. In particular, larger mediolateral tear size was associated with high-grade PFC. Level of evidenceIII; case-control study.