ANC Visits Research Articles

Association between coordinated counseling from both ASHA and Anganwadi Workers and maternal health outcomes: A cross-sectional study from Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, India.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) play crucial roles in health promotion and services in rural India. Previous research investigating the effectiveness of coordinated health promotion by different community health workers (CHWs) cadres on health practices is scarce. This study examines the effectiveness of coordinated health promotion by different CHW cadres, specifically Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and Anganwadi Workers (AWW), on maternal health outcomes. Using endline data from a 2019 impact evaluation of 6635 mothers with children <12 months in Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, we compared the association between standalone and coordinated counseling by ASHA and AWW on various maternal health practices. Outcomes included four or more antenatal care visits, birth preparedness, institutional delivery, postnatal care visits, and contraceptive uptake. Fixed effects logistic regression with robust standard errors, corrected for multiple hypothesis tests, was used for analysis. Results showed that 39.6% of women received four or more ANC visits, 31.2% adopted birth preparedness practices, 79.6% had institutional deliveries, 23.3% received postnatal care, and 19.5% adopted a postpartum contraceptive method. Coordinated counseling from both ASHA and AWW was associated with a greater prevalence of four outcomes (birth preparedness, institutional delivery, PNC visit, and contraception) compared to standalone counseling from either ASHA or AWWs. These findings suggest that health promotion by AWW complements that of ASHA, collectively associated with improved health outcomes. This study underscores the effectiveness of coordinated health promotion and highlights the need for multisectoral and coordinated efforts among different CHW cadres at the community level. The results emphasize the importance of integrating various CHW roles to enhance maternal health practices and outcomes in rural India. Trial registration number: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN83902145. Date of registration: 08/12/2016.

Dropout from Maternity Continuum of Care and Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Gave Birth After War in Adigrat Town, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2024

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;Maternity continuum of care is the continuity of maternal health care services given to mothers during antenatal period, child birth and post natal period. It is one of the strategic programs meant to lower the death rates of mothers, newborns, and children. In spite of this, a large number of moms discontinue their participation in maternal continuum care. Dropout from the maternity continuum of care is prevalent public health issue in underdeveloped nations, such as Ethiopia. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Methods: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;Community based quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out among 357 mothers who gave birth in the 12 months in Adigrat town. Systematic sampling method was used to obtain study participants. Data was collected using pretested, semi- structured and face to face interviewer administered questioner. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted. Variables having p-value less than 0.2 in bivariable analysis was entered to multivariable logistic regression model. In multivariable logistic regression adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to determine strength and direction of the association between dependent and independent variables. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; The overall magnitude of drop out from the maternity continuum of care was 237 (66.4%) [95%CI (61.3-70.9)], 60.6% drop out from ANC visit, 5.6% drop out from skill birth attendant and 58.9% drop out from PNC. Mothers never heard on maternal health care service (AOR=4.179 (1.107, 15.783), service out of health facility (AOR =5.136 (1.988, 13.267) noabortionhistory (AOR=1.424 (1.113, 12.133), unplannedpregnancy (AOR=5.478 (1.902, 15.777), less than 4 ANC visit (AOR= 5.583 (2.598, 11. 997) and mothers attitude (AOR=15.049 (2.489, 32.997) were statically significant factors associated with drop out from maternity continuum of care. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion and discussion: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;This study showed that magnitude of drop out from maternity continuum of care was high as compared to WHO recommendations. As a result concerned stakeholders and policy makers should initiate more than four ANC visit, create awareness on harmful traditional practice, bad pregnancy history, support mothers to use family planning to prevent unplanned pregnancy, and work on attitude change of the community.

Abstract 4127345: National Cohort Study on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Women with Congenital Heart Disease: Insights from Multiple Centers

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are among the primary reasons for maternal and perinatal deaths globally. Encompassing chronic hypertension, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), and preeclampsia, HDP are among the most frequent complications encountered during pregnancy. Considering the emerging congenital heart disease (CHD) population globally, research on HDP in pregnancies with CHD is urgently needed. Methods: Outcomes for 2220 pregnant women with CHD were evaluated retrospectively from 1993 to 2016 and prospectively from 2017 to 2019 from 7 tertiary hospitals. Maternal death, cardiac complications, obstetric and offspring complications of completed pregnancies and their demographics, cardiac characteristics, and comorbidities were collected. To identify the risk factors for HDP, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed through logistic regression. Results: Of 2220 completed pregnancies with CHD from 7 tertiary institutions, 77 women had PIH, and 76 women had preeclampsia. The main CHD diagnosis of patients with PIH was shunt lesion (including ASD, VSD, and PDA), left heart abnormality (including AS/AI, BAV, and COA), and single ventricle (SV). The main CHD diagnosis of patients with preeclampsia was shunt lesion (including ASD, VSD, and PDA), left heart abnormality (including AS/AI and MS/MI), and right heart abnormality (including TOF, PS/PAS/PI, DORV and DCRV). In parturients with PIH, the mortality and incidence of heart failure were 2.60% and 15.58%, respectively. In parturients with preeclampsia, the mortality and incidence of heart failure were 6.58% and 23.68%, respectively. Pregnancies with HDP had a significantly higher incidence of adverse maternal and offspring events than pregnancies without HDP. Independent risk factors for HDP included multiple gestation, use of medically assisted reproduction, having elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, delayed first ANC visit, and absence of strict antenatal supervision. Conclusion: In summary, the presence of HDP in women with CHD significantly increased the risk of mortality and morbidity for both the mother and the child, particularly in cases involving preeclampsia.

Mapping the prevalence and covariates associated with home delivery in Bangladesh: A multilevel regression analysis.

Bangladesh has made an intense effort to improve maternal healthcare facilities including facility delivery, but the number of home deliveries is still very high. Therefore, this study aims to find out district-wise prevalence and determine the individual and community-level predictors of home delivery among women in Bangladesh. Data were derived from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019, a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Bangladesh. A final sample of 9,166 (weighted) women who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey were included in this study. Considering the two-stage cluster sampling strategy adopted by MICS, we used multilevel (2-level) logistic regression analysis to find out the correlates of home delivery. The overall weighted prevalence of home delivery was 46.41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.39-47.43). The highest prevalence was observed in Bandarban district (84.58%), while the lowest was found in Meherpur district (6.95%). The intercept-only regression model demonstrates that the likelihood of women from various clusters having home delivery varied significantly (variance: 1.47, standard error [SE]: 0.117), indicating the applicability of multilevel regression modeling. The multilevel regression analysis showed that women with higher education, wealth status and ANC visit, and those aged >18 years at first marriage/union were associated with lower odds of delivering child at home compared to their counterparts. While women from age group of 35-49 years, whose last pregnancy was unintended were more likely to deliver child at home. In addition, those respondents belonging to a community that had higher wealth status, women's education level, and exposure to media showed lower odds of having delivery at home. The finding indicates that delivery at home is still high in Bangladesh. Targeted interventions to reduce home delivery are urgently needed in Bangladesh to tackle adversities during deliveries and save mothers from the consequences.

Completion of maternal and child health continuum of care and associated factors in West Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2023: a community based cross sectional study

BackgroundThe maternal and child health continuum of care integrates services from pre-pregnancy through childhood to enhance maternal and child outcomes. It is crucial for reducing maternal and child mortality by focusing on comprehensive health interventions. Despite its significance, comprehensive studies on the continuum remain limited. This study aimed to assess the completion of the maternal and child health continuum of care and associated factors among mothers with index children aged 12–23 months in the West Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1–30, 2023, by interviewing mothers of 12-23-month-old children in West Gondar zone. A simple random sampling method was used to select 1,019 mothers. Data were collected via KoboCollect and analyzed in Stata version 14.0. Binary logistic regression was used to examine associations between independent variables and the continuum of care. Variables with a p value < 0.2 in bi-variable analysis were included in the multivariable model. Finally, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p values < 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was computed.ResultsThe overall rate of completion of the maternal and child health continuum of care was 6.19% (95% CI: 4.69–7.68). The factors associated were having the first ANC visit before 16 weeks of pregnancy [AOR: 4.25 (CI: 2.14–8.47)], birth preparedness and complication readiness [AOR: 3.02 (CI: 1.41–6.46)], history of modern contraceptive use [AOR: 2.34 (CI: 1.16–4.73)], intended pregnancy [AOR: 3.25 (CI: 1.63–6.48)], receiving maternal services during ANC visits [AOR: 2.69 (CI: 1.07–6.80)], and the health facility being less than an hour away from home [AOR: 2.53 (CI: 1.06–6.03)].ConclusionsThe maternal and child health (MCH) continuum of care in West Gondar was low. Key factors affecting completion included birth preparedness and complication readiness, early ANC initiation, planned pregnancy, family planning use, proximity to health facilities, and maternal health services provided during ANC. Efforts should target these factors and ensure services at each stage of the continuum to stay mothers along the path of the MCH continuum of care.

Determinants of animal source food consumption among children aged 6–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: multilevel mixed effect model

A diversified diet in early childhood that comprises plant and animal source foods contributes to better health outcomes throughout the life course. However, inadequate infant and young child-feeding practices are serious public health problems in Africa. Evidence on the magnitude and determinants of inadequate animal source food consumption (ASF) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not yet well established. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude and determinants of ASF consumption in SSA. A total weighted sample of 92,309 children aged 6–23 months from the Demographic and Health Survey dataset of 35 SSA countries was used for this study. A multilevel mixed-effect model was fitted. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and likelihood ratio (LR) tests were used to assess the presence of the clustering effect. The model comparison was made using deviance information criteria (DIC). A p-value of p < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. The pooled magnitude of ASF consumption among children aged 6–23 months in SSA was 23.7% (95% CI: 23.4, 23.9). Across the SSA regions, the Southern Africa region had the highest consumption of ASF (51.35%), and the lowest was from the Eastern Africa region (21.41%). Younger children aged 6–9 months (AOR = 3.39; 95% CI: 3.14, 3.65), mothers who had no formal education (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.56), children from mothers with no media exposure (AOR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.24), children from the poorest households (AOR = 2.59; 95% CI: 2.36, 2.84), rural residence (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.28), living in low-income countries (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: 2.03, 2.90), and children from the East Africa region (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.35) were among the significant predictors for not consuming ASF. In this study, ASF consumption was markedly low. Almost three-fourths of children aged 6–23 months in SSA did not consume ASF in the previous day. Age of the child, ANC visits, maternal educational status, maternal marital status, media exposure, and household wealth index were significant individual-level predictors of ASF consumption, whereas the place of residence, country’s income level, and regions of SSA were found to be significant community-level predictors of ASF consumption. Thus, the study highlighted that policymakers, governments, and their partners should demonstrate rigorous efforts to improve dietary diversification with due consideration to the identified predictors of ASF.

Low Antenatal Care Number of Consultations Is Associated with Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Weight of Offspring of Teenage Mothers: A Study Based on Colombian and Mexican Cohorts.

More than 70% of pregnant adolescents in developing countries experience inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG). To determine the association of the number of antenatal care visits (ANC) with GWG, birth weight, and their differences between two countries. A prospective study was conducted in two cohorts of adolescents, one from Mexico and one from Colombia. The study calculated pregestational body mass index (BMI), obtained GWG and birth weight, and collected socioeconomic characteristics. Birth weight was categorized according to gestational age. A total of 690 mother-child pairs were included, of which 42.6% were Colombian and 57.4% Mexican. The study found no association between socioeconomic characteristics and GWG or birth weight. Colombian adolescents were more likely to experience insufficient GWG (68%), compared with 36% of Mexican adolescents. Colombian adolescents who attended fewer than eight ANC visits were at increased risk of insufficient GWG, whereas Mexican adolescents were at increased risk of excessive GWG. Mexican adolescents who began their pregnancies overweight or obese were at increased risk of excessive GWG. Fewer than eight ANC visits were associated with small for gestational age (SGA) in the Mexican cohort. Inadequate numbers of ANC visits were associated with excessive and insufficient GWG, and SGA. Promoting ANC in adolescent pregnancy is essential to prevent suboptimal GWG and SGA. This study highlights the need for interventions targeting pregnant adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds, prioritizing early initiation of prenatal care (first trimester) and a drastic reduction in the high rates of cesarean sections in this group.

Determinants of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy among women in three sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel logistic regression model.

Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a common cause of poor maternal and infant outcomes. Micronutrient deficiencies are common among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women are recommended to take micronutrients like iron or folic acid and deworming medication during pregnancy. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess micronutrient intake and its associated factors among pregnant women in three countries using the most recent demographic and health survey. We used data from the most recent demographic and health surveys, which were carried out between 2019 and 2022 in three sub-Saharan African countries. The study included a weighted sample of 13,568 reproductive-age women who had given birth within the five years prior to the survey. Utilizing multilevel logistic regression, the factors associated with the dependent variable were identified. Model comparison and fitness were assessed using the deviance (-2LLR), likelihood ratio test, median odds ratio, and intra-class correlation coefficient. Ultimately, factors were deemed statistically significant if they had a p-value less than 0.05. The pooled prevalence of micronutrient intake among pregnant women during pregnancy of last birth was 77.56% (95% CI: 76.85%-78.25%). Factors like age [AOR = 1.78; 95% CI (1.14, 2.77)], educational status [AOR = 1.49; 95% CI (1.23, 1.79)], marital status [AOR = 0.66; 95% CI (0.58, 0.75)], working status [AOR = 1.17; 95% CI (1.01, 1.34)], media exposure [AOR = 1.20; 95% CI (1.05, 1.38)], preceding birth interval [AOR = 1.17; 95% CI (1.01, 1.34)], number of ANC visits [AOR = 1.65; 95% CI (1.29, 2.10)], and residence [AOR = 1.19; 95% CI (1.03, 1.37)] were significantly associated with micronutrient intake among pregnant women. More than three-fourths of the study subjects were micronutrient supplemented during their pregnancy. Improving women's education, disseminating nutrition information through media, providing more attention to young pregnant women who live in rural areas, increasing the number of ANC visits, and women's empowerment are strongly recommended.

Adherence to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine five-dose policy among pregnant women in an urban slum in Ghana: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundMalaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a public health concern especially for pregnant women living in slums. The World Health Organization recommends at least three doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) to prevent MiP. In Ghana, it is recommended that pregnant women receive a minimum of five doses of the medication. This study sought to determine the level of adherence to IPT5 policy and factors associated with adherence among pregnant women in a slum community in Ghana.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 232 nursing mothers and four healthcare workers at the St. Martin’s Memorial Hospital, Sukura, Ghana. Sociodemographic characteristics of nursing mothers were obtained using an interview-administered questionnaire. Data on the number of SP doses and other obstetrics characteristics were collected by reviewing the antenatal record books. To obtain information about healthcare and health system factors associated with adherence to the five-dose policy, four healthcare providers were interviewed. A data extraction form was used to obtain information about the availability of SP at the facility.ResultsThe level of adherence to IPT5 was 8.6% (20/232) (95% CI 5.0–12.3) among the participants. Only 8.4% of the participants received their first dose at 16 weeks. Respondents who began ANC in the second trimester were 81% less likely to adhere to IPT5 than those who began in the first trimester (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI 90.01–0.65, p < 0.008). Healthcare provider and health system factors that influence IPT5 uptake include healthcare providers’ knowledge of IPTp-SP guidelines, the practice of Directly Observed Therapy, education of pregnant women, training of healthcare providers, and availability of water. SP was available at the facility during the period of review.ConclusionAdherence to the IPTp-SP five-dose policy was suboptimal. Pregnant women who started ANC early were more likely to adhere to the policy. Provider knowledge, DOT practice, training, education of pregnant women and water availability were also found to influence adherence. Encouraging early ANC visits and providing healthcare workers with necessary training can substantially improve adherence in slum areas.

Assessing the prevalence, risk factors, and socio-demographic predictors of malaria among pregnant women in the Bono East Region of Ghana: a multicentre hospital-based mixed-method cross-sectional study

BackgroundMalaria is one of the world’s most lethal vector-borne diseases, causing significant health burdens in endemic countries. Several studies on the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Ghana have been conducted in various parts of the country, yielding evidence pointing to intra- and inter-regional variations. The current study assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and sociodemographic predictors of malaria among pregnant women in the Bono East Region of Ghana.MethodsThis multicentre hospital-based study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional design. A multistage sampling technique was used to select seven health facilities and recruited 1452 pregnant women who attended ANC at seven selected health facilities. Haematological examination, a structured closed-ended questionnaire, in-depth interviews (IDIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to obtain relevant data. Quantitative data were analysed with STATA 14 (StataCorp, College Station, USA). Likewise, the four-step thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. A significant level was set at (p < 0.05) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe ages of the pregnant women at enrolment ranged between 17 and 40 years, with a mean (SD) of 28.8 ± 3.73 (95% C.I: 28.63–29.02). The overall prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women was 10.8% (95% CI: 9.32–12.56). Presence of farm or domestic animals, living close to drainage tunnels, living near overgrown vegetation, not married, not having formal education, living in extended-type households, living in compound-type households, mud and thatch households, mud and iron sheet households, primigravidae, multiparity, first-time pregnant women, second-time, third-time, fourth-time, and fifth-time ANC visits, blood groups A, B, and AB were independent factors or predictors significantly associated with increased risk of malaria.ConclusionThe current study revealed an approximately 10.8% prevalence of malaria among pregnant women. The prevalence revealed, was, however, higher than the national prevalence of 8.6%. The high prevalence of malaria, associated risk factors, and sociodemographic and maternal predictors highlight the need to strengthen screening for malaria, administer treatments, monitor maternal and foetal health, and provide education and counselling.

Maternal factors promoting normal linear growth of children from impoverished Rwandan households: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundLinear growth faltering remains a pervasive public health concern that affects many children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate possible maternal factors promoting normal linear growth among children aged 6–23 months of age from impoverished Rwandan households.MethodsWe used a three-stage cluster sampling procedure. The study population consisted of children aged six to 23 months and their mothers who lived in the study districts. A structured questionnaire helped to collect data from 807 selected mother-child dyads. The primary outcome variable was height-for-age Z scores. The main predictors were maternal income-generating activity, maternal education, maternal depression, household decision making, number of ANC visits, use of family planning method, types of family planning, and mode of delivery. We used univariate analysis to establish median, frequencies, and percentages. Furthermore, we used the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman rank correlation tests for bivariate analysis. We included in the final model of robust linear regression for multivariate analysis the potential confounding variables identified as significantly associated with the outcome (child age, participation in works for both parents, good handwashing practice, owning a vegetable garden, and the total number of livestock) along with maternal factors.ResultsMaternal factors that promoted normal linear growth of children were the presence of maternal income generation activity (β= 0.640 [0.0269 1.253], p value = 0.041), the participation of the mother in the decision-making process of the household (β=0.147 [0.080 0.214], p-value < 0.001), and the higher frequency of consultations with ANC (β=0.189 [0.025 0.354], p-value = 0.024). Additionally, a combination of household decision-making with the number of ANC visits predicted an increase in the linear growth of the child (β=0.032 [0.019 0.045], p-value < 0.001).ConclusionMaternal factors such as maternal income-generating activity, maternal participation in household decision making, and increased number of ANC visits were found to promote normal child linear growth. These results contribute valuable information to the formulation of interventions and policies to improve child nutrition and growth in the community studied.

Wealth-related inequality in vitamin A rich food consumption among children of age 6-23 months in Ethiopia; Wagstaff decomposition of the 2019 mini-DHS data.

Vitamin A (VA) cannot be made in the human body and thus foods rich in VA are the only sources of vitamin A for the body. However, ensuring availability in adequate amount of foods rich in VA remains a challenge, mainly in low-income counties including Ethiopia. In addition, children from the poorest and less educated families of same country have disproportionately limited consumptions of foods rich in VA. Therefore, the present study aimed assessing the wealth related inequality in vitamin A consumption (VAC) and decompose it to the various contributing factors. This study was conducted using the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data on a weighted sample of 1,497 children of age 6-23 months in Ethiopia. The wealth related inequality in VAC was quantified using concentration index and plotted using concentration curve. The Wagstaff decomposition analysis was performed to assess the relative contributions of each explanatory variable to the inequalities in the overall concentration index of VAC. The overall Wagstaff normalized concentration index (C) analyses of the wealth-related inequality in consumption of foods rich in VA among children aged 6-23 months was [C = 0.25; 95% C: 0.15, 0.35]. Further decomposition of the C by the explanatory variables reported the following contributions; primary level of women's education (7.2%), secondary and above (17.8%), having ANC visit during pregnancy (62.1%), delivery at a health institution (26.53%), living in the metropolis (13.7%), central region (34.2%), child age 18-23 months (4.7%) contributed to the observed wealth related inequality in the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. We found pro-rich wealth-related inequality in VAC among children of age 6-23 months in Ethiopia. Additionally, maternal education, region, ANC visit, and place of delivery were the significant contributors of wealth-related inequality of VAC. Nutritional related interventions should prioritise children from poorer households and less educated mothers. Moreover, enhancing access to ANC and health facilities delivery services through education, advocacy, and campaign programs is highly recommended in the study setting.

Evaluate the Knowledge about the WHO- Recommended Antenatal Visits among Antenatal Mothers in the Outpatient Department

One of the most crucial aspects of the World Health Organization's family welfare program in India is the promotion of maternal and child health. ANC is the care given to women during pregnancy to ensure that both the mother and the kid remain healthy. Reducing infant and mother mortality and morbidity as well as promoting, protecting, and preventing maternal and perinatal health are beneficial for the long-term growth and development of the nation. Sadly, a lot of women in underdeveloped nations do not get this kind of care.  Objectives: Assess the knowledge of WHO recommended ANC visit among pregnant women..  Methodology:  Research Approach: Qualitative study,  Research Design: Descriptive study,  Population: Antenatal mothers Antenatal mothers who are attending OPD.  Sample Size: The sample size consider of 30 antenatal mothers.  Sample Technique: Non probability sampling convenient sampling techniques adopted in this study.  Result: This study had given some clues that majority 22 (74%) of them had moderate knowledge. 6 (20%) of them had inadequate knowledge, 2(7%) of them had adequate knowledge about antenatal mothers.  Conclusion: This study experiences helped the investigator to spell out some recommendations and develop a self- instructional module so as to improve the knowledge about antenatal mothers.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Physical Activity and It’s Associated Factor Among Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Health Institutions in Debre Berhan Town, North Eastern Ethiopia

Physical inactivity is linked to pregnancy-related complications. Exercise participation during pregnancy is restricted in low-middle income nations, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with physical activity practice among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health institutions in Debre Berhan Town Northeastern Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 22, 2021 to May 22, 2021 in Debre Berhan Town. The systematic random sampling technique was used to obtain the 418 participants. Data were collected by using standardized questionnaires. Data were entered, cleaned by Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. The variables which had p-value &lt; .05 and with 95% confidence interval were declared as determine factors of antenatal physical exercise. According to this study, 222 (53.1%, CI [48.3, 57.7]), 220 (52.6% [47.8, 57.2]), and 218 (52.2% [CI 47.6, 56.7]) of respondents had good knowledge, favorable attitude, and good practice of physical exercise respectively. Age group of 30 to 34 years (AOR: 2.15, 95% CI [1.08, 4.29]), housewife (AOR: 7.81, 95% CI [1.48, 41.21]), cultural recommendation (AOR: 2.16, 95% CI [1.37, 3.39]), exercise before pregnancy (AOR: 2.69, 95% CI [1.72, 4.19]), and gestational age &gt;24 weeks (AOR: 2.538, 95% CI [1.02, 6.29]) were factors associated with practice of physical exercise during pregnancy. Physical activity during pregnancy was more common in the current study than in the national average. During an ANC visit, health care providers should improve and strengthen physical activity counseling sessions.

The influence of ANC cadre empowerment on ANC visits of pregnant women in Bengkulu City

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Services during pregnancy are pregnancy health check-up services carried out by health workers, especially midwives or doctors for pregnant women which are carried out at least four times in pregnancy with details, namely one time gestational age 0-12 weeks, one time ANC gestational age 13-27 weeks and twice when the gestational age is 28-36 weeks. &lt;/em&gt;Based on the profile of K1 and K4 visits from 20 Public Health Centers in Bengkulu City, there are 3 Public Health Centers with K1 and K4 visits which are still low and have not reached the set targets and there is still a drop out where there is a decrease between K1 and K4 visits.&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Objectives: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The study aims to&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;nowing the influence of the empowerment of ANC &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;the community health worker&lt;em&gt; on the visit of ANC Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Methods: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research uses a quasi-experimental method. The samples taken for the study were all pregnant women in Bengkulu City who were selected by purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 2 groups, namely the experimental group on pregnant women with the empowerment of ANC the community health worker and the ontrol group with counseling totaling 40 people. Data collection is carried out through data collection sheets and analyzed data with univariate and bivariate Data analysis used bivariate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results of the study found that there was an Effect of Empowerment of ANC the community health worker on ANC visits to pregnant women in Bengkulu City in 2020&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; results Thisstudy was used as an alternative recommendation for increasing ANC visits&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A Systematic Review of The Risk Factors Affecting Low Birth Weight

Backgrounds: Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant factor in 60 to 80 percent of all neonatal fatalities and is one of the most important health indicators in the primary measure set used by the International Dietary Surveillance Application. Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to determine the factors affecting to LBW. Materials &amp; Methods: Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, and Persian scientific databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Selection procedure, data screening and analysis were performed by two independent reviewers. The quality of included articles were evaluated with the 22-item strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and a checklist of appropriate criteria based on the research design for each one. Results: Of the 1200 articles collected, 51 met the study inclusion criteria. The most common variables with a frequency of more than 15% that led to LBW were the mother's age (22 studies, 43/13%), mother's chronic diseases (Hypertension and diabetes mellitus), mother's iron deficiency anemia (14 studies, 27/45%), mother's weight and BMI (13 studies, 25/4%), ANC visits (12 studies, 23/52%), sex of the child (9 studies, 17/64%), parity and inter-pregnancy interval (8 studies, 15/68%). Conclusion: The mother's age, chronic diseases, mother’s anemia, mother's weight and BMI, insufficient ANC visits, sex of the child, parity and inter-pregnancy interval have a great impact on the LBW. Therefore, interventions, plans and programs aimed at addressing these risk factors could potentially reduce the incidence of LBW.

Exposure to family planning messages on social media and its association with maternal healthcare services in Mauritania

BackgroundMauritania, a lower-middle-income country in Northwest Africa, has one of the highest maternal and infant mortality rates worldwide and struggles to ensure optimal use of maternal healthcare services. Raising health awareness through family planning messages can promote maternal healthcare use, potentially reducing preventable maternal and child mortalities. The objective of the study was to assess the potential impact of exposure to family planning messages through social media on the utilization of maternal healthcare services among Mauritanian women.MethodsData from the 2019-20 Mauritania Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) on 7,640 women were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations between exposure to family planning messages through social media and maternal healthcare services, specifically the timing and adequacy of ANC visits, and facility-based childbirth. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.ResultsThe percentage of timely initiation and adequate use of ANC among the participants were 65.6% and 45.1%, respectively. Approximately 75.0% of the women reported giving birth to their last child at a healthcare facility. Exposure to family planning messages on social media was significantly associated with increased odds of receiving adequate antenatal care visits (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.12,1.71) and giving birth in a health facility (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.09,3.08), Other factors such as age, health insurance, wealth, and desired timing of the last child were also found to be important predictors of maternal healthcare.ConclusionThe findings suggest that exposure to family planning messages on social media is strongly associated with adequate antenatal care and health facility-based childbirth, but not with early timing of antenatal care. Comprehensive maternal healthcare policies should consider the role of social media in promoting family planning messages.

Knowledge of Periconceptional Folic-Acid among Women of Childbearing age Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

The value of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in reducing the incidence of neural tube abnormalities in newborns is widely known. Yet, Nepalese women of childbearing age are mainly ignorant of it. The current study examined different sociodemographic and health factors related to women’s level of knowledge about folic acid among women visiting Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatients at a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal. It also evaluated the awareness and relevance of knowledge regarding folic acid and its periconceptional supplementation. 400 women aged 18 and 45 who sought Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Services at the Tertiary Care Facility participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic information was gathered with the help of a self-report questionnaire and processed in IBM-SPSS software at a significance threshold of 0.05. Results of the studies showed that while 47.3% had heard of it, only 34.25% had adequate knowledge of periconceptional folic acid supplementation. Also, besides age (p=.493), knowledge of folic acid was significantly associated with factors including education(p=.026), ethnicity (p=&lt;.001), income (p=.011), employment (p=.001), marital status (p=.007), past pregnancies (p=.031) and ANC visits (p=&lt;.001). The study demonstrates the need for more public awareness to boost folic acid knowledge, adherence, and intake and ultimately lower the prevalence of related birth abnormalities. To quantify the hidden issue, further studies on the prevalence of NTDs in Nepalese society and the contribution of folic acid to their reduction are required.

HUBUNGAN KETERATURAN PEMERIKSAAN ANC TERHADAP KEJADIAN ANEMIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TURIKALE KECAMATAN TURIKALE KABUPATEN MAROS

Regular pregnancy checks will determine the mother's health status during pregnancy because basically the cause of Fe deficiency anemia in pregnant women is caused by two factors, namely direct and indirect factors. Meanwhile, factors that do not directly influence a person's Hb levels by influencing the availability of Fe in food include the low economy.The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the regularity of ANC examinations and the incidence of anemia in the Turikale Community Health Center Working Area, Turikale District, Maros Regency. The type and research method used is the Cross Sectional Study method. In this study, the samples taken were 36 third trimester pregnant women who had their pregnancies checked in the Turikale Community Health Center Working Area, Maros Regency, using purposive sampling. The research results showed that 29 people (80.6%) regularly made ANC visits and 7 people (19.4%) did not regularly. Six respondents (16.7%) experienced anemia and 30 respondents (83.3%) did not experience anemia. There is a relationship between the regularity of ANC visits and the incidence of anemia with a value of ρ=0.004&lt;from α=0.05, this means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It is hoped that it can increase monitoring and screening of pregnant women who experience high levels of anemia through home visits, making class activities more effective for pregnant women and empowering families, especially husbands or parents, to be motivated to invite pregnant women to have their pregnancies checked regularly. The husband or closest family member can be given an understanding of the dangers and efforts to prevent anemia in pregnant women

Factors associated with facility childbirth and skilled birth attendance in Migori County, Kenya and the effect of Lwala Community Alliance intervention: a cross-sectional assessment from the 2019 and 2021 Lwala household surveys

BackgroundDespite evidence of the beneficial effects of skilled birth attendance (SBA) on maternal health and childbirth outcomes, there are disparities in access across counties in Kenya. These include Migori County which has historically recorded high maternal mortality rates. In 2007, the Lwala Community Alliance was founded to improve health outcomes in this county. The objective of this study is to provide a baseline status of facility childbirth and SBA in Migori and to characterize the effect of Lwala intervention on these outcomes.MethodsA cross-sectional household survey was designed for a 10-year study to evaluate the effectiveness of Lwala initiatives. The 2019 and 2021 household surveys were conducted in Lwala intervention wards and in comparison wards with sample sizes of 3,846 and 5,928 mothers, respectively. The survey captured demographic, health, and socioeconomic data at each household, data on SBA and facility childbirth, and explanatory variables. A generalized linear model was used to determine factors associated with SBA. A secondary trend analysis was conducted to determine change over time in the explanatory variables and SBA. To determine the change in SBA rate due to Lwala intervention, controlling for background temporal trends, a difference-in-differences (DiD) model compared SBA rates in intervention wards and comparison wards.ResultsSBA increased in all surveyed wards and across all explanatory variables from 2019 to 2021. The DiD analysis showed that the SBA rate increased more in Lwala intervention wards than in comparison wards (Adjusted Prevalence Rate Ratio 1.05, p &amp;lt; 0.001, 95%CI 1.03–1.08). The 2021 survey found the highest rates of both facility childbirths (97.9%, 95%CI 96.5–98.7) and SBA (98.2%, 95%CI 97.0–99.0) in North Kamagambo, the oldest ward of Lwala intervention. Higher educational status, four or more ANC visits, marriage/cohabitation, and wealth were significantly associated with increased SBA.ConclusionsWe provide the first quasi-experimental evidence that Lwala interventions are significantly improving SBA which may inform related initiatives in similar settings. The household-survey data provides a baseline for continued evaluation of Lwala programs, and the breakdown by ward allows for development of specific programmatic targets.