Human Body Research Articles

The construction of stem cell-induced hepatocyte model and its application in evaluation of developmental hepatotoxicity of environmental pollutants.

Stem cells, with their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, are a unique and valuable resource for medical research and toxicological studies. The liver is the most crucial metabolic organ in the human body, and serves as the primary site for the accumulation of environmental pollutants. Enrichment with environmental pollutants can disrupt the early developmental processes of the liver and have a significant impact on liver function. The liver comprises a complex array of cell types, and different environmental pollutants have varying effects on these cells. Currently, there is a lack of well-established research models that can effectively demonstrate the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants affect human liver development. The emergence of liver cells and organoids derived from stem cells offers a promising tool for investigating the impact of environmental pollutants on human health. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the developmental processes of different types of liver cells and provided an overview of studies on the developmental toxicity of various environmental pollutants using stem cell models.

Kiphynet: an online network simulation tool connecting cellular kinetics and physiological transport.

Human metabolism is sustained by functional networks that operate at diverse scales. Capturing local and global dynamics in the human body by hierarchically bridging multi-scale functional networks is a major challenge in physiological modeling. To develop an interactive, user-friendly web application that facilitates the simulation and visualization of advection-dispersion transport in three-dimensional (3D) microvascular networks, biochemical exchange, and metabolic reactions in the tissue layer surrounding the vasculature. To help modelers combine and simulate biochemical processes occurring at multiple scales, KiPhyNet deploys our discrete graph-based modeling framework that bridges functional networks existing at diverse scales. KiPhyNet is implemented in Python based on Apache web server using MATLAB as the simulator engine. KiPhyNet provides the functionality to assimilate multi-omics data from clinical and experimental studies as well as vascular data from imaging studies to investigate the role of structural changes in vascular topology on the functional response of the tissue. With the network topology, its biophysical attributes, values of initial and boundary conditions, parameterized kinetic constants, biochemical species-specific transport properties such as diffusivity as inputs, a user can use our application to simulate and view the simulation results. The results of steady-state velocity and pressure fields and dynamic concentration fields can be interactively examined. KiPhyNet provides barrier-free access to perform time-course simulation experiments by building multi-scale models of microvascular networks in physiology, using a discrete modeling framework. KiPhyNet is freely accessible at http://pallab.cds.iisc.ac.in/kiphynet/ and the documentation is available at https://deepamahm.github.io/kiphynet_docs/ .

Prediction of lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and diagnosis with a novel model anchored in circadian clock-related genes

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common primary lung cancer seen in the world, and identifying genetic markers is essential for predicting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and improving treatment outcomes. It is well known that alterations in circadian rhythms are associated with a higher risk of cancer. Moreover, circadian rhythms play a regulatory role in the human body. Therefore, studying the changes in circadian rhythms in cancer patients is crucial for optimizing treatment. The gene expression data and clinical data were sourced from TCGA database, and we identified the circadian clock-related genes. We used the obtained TCGA-LUAD data set to build the model, and the other 647 lung adenocarcinoma patients’ data were collected from two GEO data sets for external verification. A risk score model for circadian clock-related genes was constructed, based on the identification of 8 genetically significant genes. Based on ROC analyses, the risk model demonstrated a high level of accuracy in predicting the overall survival times of lung adenocarcinoma patients in training folds, as well as external data sets. This study has successfully constructed a risk model for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis, utilizing circadian rhythm as its foundation. This model demonstrates a dependable capacity to forecast the outcome of the disease, which can further guide the relevant mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma and combine behavioral therapy with treatment to optimize treatment decision-making.

Identification of psychological stress from speech signal using deep learning algorithm

Psychological activities have various dimensions in which they correlate with their respective behavior generated by the human body. Understanding the relationship of psychological events with the help of external action units is one of the research subjects to explore various human behavior and their dependencies. Existing work applied various deep learning algorithms to outline the correlation between psychological activities with human emotions. The study of psychological analysis in the medical field is very time-consuming and costly. It requires constant monitoring of the patient for a period of time and various interrogation sessions to finalize the emotional severity of an individual. Few skilled specialists and the lack of medical knowledge of human emotions drive the need for computer vision approaches to emphasize emotion recognition, particularly in disorders. The proposed study specifically assesses the use of speech signals to identify psychological disorders in terms of stress characteristics and uses a deep learning model that incorporates feed-forward networks and long short-term memory (LSTM) to identify the degree of psychological disease. The study made use of a standard speech dataset that was gathered from a variety of patients using a standard questionnaire format. The survey was conducted throughout a few Indian states. Speech samples were taken from patients whose cortisol levels were higher than 10 %. To assess the relationship between speech and psychological activity, speech signals from each patient have been gathered. The spectrogram of the speech signal's Mel filter bank coefficients has been analyzed, and the characteristics that cause stress and those that don't have it have been further divided into categories. The suggested model classifies stress and non-stress features in 150 voice dataset subjects with an average accuracy of 98 %. The model is found to be robust for various applications such as preventing suicidal cases, improving decision-making in the diagnosis of depression patients, improves the overall mental healthcare system.

Beyond the Digital Public Sphere: Towards a Political Ontology of Algorithmic Technologies

The following paper offers a political and philosophical reading of ethically informed technological design practices to critically tackle the implicit regulative ideal in the design of social media as a means to digitally represent the liberal public sphere. The paper proposes that, when it comes to the case of social media platforms, understood along with the machine learning algorithms embedded in them as algorithmic technologies, ethically informed design has an implicit conception of democracy that parallels that of Jürgen Habermas’ procedural democracy (Habermas, J. (1994). THREE NORMATIVE MODELS OF DEMOCRACY. Jurgen Habermas, 1(1).). That is, that democratic practices are encodable as procedures that produce valid discussion forums. Opposed to this, this paper suggests a turn to philosopher Jacques Rancière’s conception of politics as a guiding attitude towards technological design. This is done by, on the one side, using Rancière’s notions of “disagreement” and “distribution of the sensible” as the political starting point for the practice of design of algorithmic technologies. And, on the other, inspired by Karen Barad’s theories on agential realism (Barad, K. (2003). Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 801–831. https://doi.org/10.1086/345321), by putting forward a political ontology of algorithmic technologies that reconceptualizes them in terms of how they assemble open-ended practices between human bodies and technological devices.

The Role of Phytochemicals in The Management of Lifestyle Disorders

Phytochemicals are natural chemical constituents or bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants, aromatic plants, vegetables, fruits, leaves, flowers and roots which work in conjunction with nutrients and dietary fibers to act as defense against diseases and to slow the aging process. The medicinal values of plants lie in the abilities of these phytochemicals to produce definite physiological action on the human body. A variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and steroids present in plants and their products are key factors in the treatment of several disorders including lifestyle disorders. Lifestyle disorders, also known as non-communicable diseases, are conditions associated with the way people live and behave. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheets, lifestyle disorders like obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases account for 59 percent of the 56.5 million deaths annually and 45.9 percent of the global burden of disease (WHO, 2021). This review introduced and identified various phytochemicals reported with beneficial effects or roles and their functional classification or subclasses that have been identified to help prevent diseases associated with lifestyle changes.

Biotechnological approaches for enhancement of heavy metal phytoremediation capacity of plants.

Heavy metals are extremely hazardous for human health due to their toxic effects. They are non-biodegradable in nature, thus remain in the environment and enter and accumulate in the human body through biomagnification; hence, there is a serious need of their remediation. Phytoremediation has emerged as a green, sustainable, and effective solution for heavy metal removal and many plant species could be employed for this purpose. Plants are able to sequester substantial quantity of heavy metals, in some cases thousands of ppm, due to their robust physiology enabling high metal tolerance and anatomy supporting metal ion accumulation. Identification and modification of potential target genes involved in heavy metal accumulation have led to improved phytoremediation capacity of plants at the molecular level. The introduction of foreign genes through genetic engineering approaches has further enhanced phytoremediation capacity manifolds. This review gives an insight towards improving the phytoremediation efficiency through a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved, expression of different proteins, genetic engineering approaches for transgenic production, and genetic modifications. It also comprehends novel omics tools such as genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and genome editing technologies for improvement of phytoremediation ability of plants.

WSe2/chitosan-based wearable multi-functional platform for monitoring electrophysiological signals, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and body movements.

Acleanroom free optimized fabrication of a low-cost facile tungsten diselenide (WSe2) combined with chitosan-based hydrogel device is reportedfor multifunctional applications including tactile sensing, pulse rate monitoring, respiratory rate monitoring, human body movements detection, and human electrophysiological signal detection. Chitosan being a natural biodegradable, non-toxic compound serves as a substrate to the semiconducting WSe2 electrode which is synthesized using a single step hydrothermal technique. Elaborate characterization studies are performed to confirm the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the fabricated chitosan/WSe2 device. Chitosan/WSe2 sensor with copper contacts on each side is put directly on skin to capture human body motions. The resistivity of the sample was calculated as 26 kΩ m-1. The device behaves as an ultrasensitive pressure sensor for tactile and arterial pulse sensing with response time of 0.9s and sensitivity of around 0.02kPa-1. It is also capable for strain sensing with a gauge factor of 54 which is significantly higher than similar other reported electrodes. The human body movements sensing can be attributed to the piezoresistive character of WSe2 that originates from its non-centrosymmetric structure. Further, the sensor is employed for monitoring respiratory rate which measures to 13 counts/min for healthy individual and electrophysiological signals like ECG and EOG which can be used later for detecting numerous pathological conditions in humans. Electrophysiological signal sensing is carried out using a bio-signal amplifier (Bio-Amp EXG Pill) connected to Arduino. The skin-friendly, low toxic WSe2/chitosan dry electrodes pave the way for replacing wet electrodes and find numerous applications in personalized healthcare.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Toxicity of Structurally Different Diamond-Like Carbon Wear Debris in Joint Replacements.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) wear debris, which is often composed of different types of structures, is generated from DLC-modified artificial joints in the human body, and its biocompatibility evaluation is especially important to prevent wear-debris-induced implant failure. Here, RAW 264.7 macrophages (inflammatory-reaction assay) and primary mouse osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis assay) were employed to investigate the toxicity of DLC wear particles (DWPs) by evaluation of cell viability and morphology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Relevant histopathological analysis of rat joints was also performed in vivo. We found that DWPs with a relatively high sp2/sp3 ratio (graphite-phase tendency) manifested a higher cytotoxicity and significant inhibition of osteoblastogenesis. DWPs with a relatively low sp2/sp3 ratio (diamond-phase tendency) showed good biocompatibility in vivo. The DWPs exhibiting a low sp2/sp3 ratio demonstrated reduced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, along with increased secretion of TIMP-1, resulting in the downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and upregulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), thereby attenuating the inflammatory response. Moreover, coculturing osteoblasts with DWPs exhibiting a low sp2/sp3 ratio resulted in an elevated OPG/RANKL ratio and increased expression of OPG mRNA. Because of the absence of electrostatic repulsion, DWPs with a relatively low sp2/sp3 ratio enhanced bovine serum albumin adsorption, which favored cellular activities. Cytotoxicity assessment of DWPs can help establish an evaluation system for particle-related joint disease and can facilitate the clinical application of DLC-coated prostheses.

A novel smart textiles to reflect emotion

PurposeThe device, amplifies and sub-regionally transmits the current generated by the body temperature thermoelectric generator through a smart body temperature sensor.Design/methodology/approachThe present study designs a wearable smart device regarding the relationship between temperature and emotion.FindingsExperimental results show that the device can accurately detect changes in human body temperature under hilarious, fearful, soothing and angry emotions, so as to achieve changes in clothing colors, namely blue, red, green and brown.Originality/valueDifferent areas of clothing produce controllable and intelligent color, so that adult emotions can be understood through changes in clothing colors, which is conducive to judging their moods and promoting social interaction.

Quantitative non-contrast perfusion MRI in the body using arterial spin labeling.

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method that enables the assessment and the quantification of perfusion without the need for an exogenous contrast agent. ASL was originally developed in the early 1990s to measure cerebral blood flow. The utility of ASL has since then broadened to encompass various organ systems, offering insights into physiological and pathological states. In this review article, we present a synopsis of ASL for quantitative non-contrast perfusion MRI, as a contribution to the special issue titled "Quantitative MRI-how to make it work in the body?" The article begins with an introduction to ASL principles, followed by different labeling strategies, such as pulsed, continuous, pseudo-continuous, and velocity-selective approaches, and their role in perfusion quantification. We proceed to address the technical challenges associated with ASL in the body and outline some of the innovative approaches devised to surmount these issues. Subsequently, we summarize potential clinical applications, challenges, and state-of-the-art ASL methods to quantify perfusion in some of the highly perfused organs in the thorax (lungs), abdomen (kidneys, liver, pancreas), and pelvis (placenta) of the human body. The article concludes by discussing future directions for successful translation of quantitative ASL in body imaging.

Textile-Based Membraneless Microfluidic Double-Inlet Hybrid Microbial-Enzymatic Biofuel Cell.

This study reports the development of a textile-based colaminar flow hybrid microbial-enzymatic biofuel cell. Shewanella MR-1 was used as a biocatalyst on the anode, and bienzymatic system catalysts based on glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were applied on an air-breathing cathode to address the overpotential loss in a body-friendly way. A single-layer Y-shaped channel configuration with a double-inlet was adopted. Microchannels of biofuel cells were patterned by silk screen printing with Ecoflex to maintain the flexibility of textile substrates without harm to the human body. The electrodes were fabricated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate and a mixture of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and single-walled carbon nanotubes by screen printing. The effects of electrode materials, catalyst type, catalyst concentration, and glucose concentration in the catholyte were investigated to optimize the fuel cell performance. The peak power density (44.9 μW cm-2) and maximum current density (388.9 μA cm-2) of the optimized hybrid biofuel cell were better than those of previously reported textile- or paper-substrate microscale single microbial fuel cells. The developed biofuel cell will be a useful platform as a microscale power source that is harmless to the environment and living organisms.

A pilot study evaluating dosing tolerability of 17α-estradiol in male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

17α-estradiol extends healthspan and lifespan in male mice without significant feminization or deleterious effects on reproductive function, making it a candidate for human translation. However, studies in animal models that more accurately replicate human physiology are necessary to establish 17α-estradiol dosing standards for clinical trials. This study evaluated the tolerability of 17α-estradiol treatment in the common marmoset over a short treatment duration. We found that male marmosets tolerated two dosing regimens (0.37-0.47 or 0.62-0.72 mg/kg/day) as evidenced by the absence of gastrointestinal distress, changes in vital signs, or overall health conditions. 17α-estradiol treatment mildly decreased body mass, adiposity, and glycosylated hemoglobin, although these changes were not statistically significant in most instances. However, neither dose of 17α-estradiol elicited feminization in our study, thereby suggesting that optimized dosing regimens may provide health benefits without feminization in primates. Additional studies are needed to determine if longer duration treatments would also be nonfeminizing and elicit significant health benefits, which would aid in developing dosing regimens targeting healthy aging in humans.

A Simplified Evaluation Framework for Adaptation Measures to Urban Heat Islands

Adaptation measures to urban heat islands are classified into the following three categories: measures to reduce solar radiation incident on the human body, measures to control and cool ground and wall surface temperature, and measures to control and cool the air and human body temperature. Case studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of the implementation of a cool water circulation sunshade and to examine the adverse effects of cool pavements on the human thermal environment, in addition to the effects of mist sprays on the human body. The effect of the sunshade, watering road, and mist spray, which are typical adaptation measures to urban heat islands, on the human thermal environment was estimated using Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) as an indicator for heat stroke prevention and Standard New Effective Temperature (SET*) as an indicator for thermal comfort assessment. The effect of solar radiation shielding on improving the human thermal environment was the most significant, with a large decrease in the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the human body, resulting in a large decrease in SET* and WBGT of 2.7 °C and 1.0 °C, respectively, on fine summer days.

Deep Learning Methods to Analyze the Forces and Torques in Joints Motion

This paper proposes a composite model that combines convolutional neural network models and mechanical analysis to determine the forces acting on an object. First, we establish a model using Newtonian mechanics to analyze the forces experienced by the human body during movement, particularly the forces on joints. The model calculates the mapping relationship between the object’s movement and the forces on the joints. Then, by analyzing a large number of fencing competition videos using a deep learning model, we extract video features to study the torques and forces on human joints. Our analysis of numerous images reveals that, in certain movement patterns, the peak pressure on the knee joint can be two to three times higher than in a normal state, while the driving knee can withstand peak torques of 400–600 Nm. This straightforward model can effectively capture the forces and torques on the human body during movement using a deep neural network. Furthermore, this model can also be applied to problems involving non-rigid body motion.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice Regarding Disposal of Unused and Expired Drugs in Medical Professionals in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Eastern India: A Cross- Sectional, Questionnaire-based Study

Background: Despite the effect of drugs on human body getting wide attention worldwide the effect of disposed drugs on the environment is largely neglected. Since the doctors working in a teaching hospital are the major stakeholder in ensuring proper and safe disposal of drugs their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding drug disposal was assessed in this study.Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire was given to the doctors working in a tertiary care teaching hospital through Google form from 1st June,2023 to 31st July 2023. Their responses were recorded in a Microsoft excel form and analyzed. Results: It was observed that while buying medicines 87.5% of physicians check the date of expiry but only 78.9% do that while receiving physician’s sample from the medical representatives. Among the participants in this study 97.2% declared that medicines remain unused in their homes. In case of unused drugs, 45.8% donate them to patients or hospitals, and 29.2% throw them away with household garbage whereas in case of expired medicines majority (56.9%) throw them away. Among the participants 38.9% had never instructed their patients about the proper disposal methods. Conclusion: To ensure proper drug disposal programs should be initiated to increase awareness about the danger of improper drug disposal not only in general population but in medical community also.

Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of [14C]-Labeled Anaprazole: A New Proton Pump Inhibitor, After a Single Oral Administration in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects.

Anaprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. This study aims to elucidate absorption, metabolism, and excretion pathways of anaprazole sodium in the human body. A total of 4 healthy Chinese male subjects were administered a single oral dose of 20mg/100µCi of [14C]-anaprazole sodium enteric-coated capsules. The whole blood, plasma, and excreta were analyzed for a total radioactivity (TRA) and metabolite profile. The cumulative radioactivity excretion rate was 93.2%, with 53.3% and 39.9% of the radioactive dose excreted in urine and feces, respectively, and 91.6% of dose recovered within 96hours after dosing. The parent drug, anaprazole, showed good absorption and was extensively metabolized majorly to thioether M8-1 via nonenzymatic metabolism. Overall, 35 metabolites were identified in plasma, urine, and fecal samples. Anaprazole was the most abundant component in plasma followed by the thioether M8-1, accounting for 28.3% and 16.6%, respectively, of the plasma TRA. Thioether carboxylic acid XZP-3409 (26.3% of urine TRA) and XZP-3409 oxidation and dehydrogenation product M417a (15.1% of fecal TRA) were the major metabolites present in urine and feces, respectively. Anaprazole was undetectable in urine, while fecal samples showed traces (0.07% dose). Blood/plasma ratios of the radioactivity (approximately 0.60) remained consistent over time. Anaprazole showed good absorption and was extensively metabolized majorly to thioether M8-1 via nonenzymatic metabolism, and cytochrome P450 3A4 also contributed to its metabolism in healthy individuals.

Microplastics as a Threat to Aquatic Ecosystems and Human Health

The threat posed by microplastics has become one of the world’s most serious problems. Recent reports indicate that the presence of microplastics has been documented not only in coastal areas and beaches, but also in water reservoirs, from which they enter the bodies of aquatic animals and humans. Microplastics can also bioaccumulate contaminants that lead to serious damage to aquatic ecosystems. The lack of comprehensive data makes it challenging to ascertain the potential consequences of acute and chronic exposure, particularly for future generations. It is crucial to acknowledge that there is still a substantial need for rapid and effective techniques to identify microplastic particles for precise evaluation. Additionally, implementing legal regulations, limiting plastic production, and developing biodegradation methods are promising solutions, the implementation of which could limit the spread of toxic microplastics.

Visualization of Pulpal Structures by SWIR in Endodontic Access Preparation.

Endodontic access preparation is one of the initial steps in root canal treatments and can be hindered by the obliteration of pulp canals and formation of tertiary dentin. Until now, methods for direct intraoperative visualization of the 3-dimensional anatomy of teeth have been missing. Here, we evaluate the use of shortwave infrared radiation (SWIR) for navigation during stepwise access preparation. Nine teeth (3 anteriors, 3 premolars, and 3 molars) were explanted en bloc with intact periodontium including alveolar bone and mucosa from the upper or lower jaw of human body donors. Analysis was performed at baseline as well as at preparation depths of 5 mm, 7 mm, and 9 mm, respectively. For reflection, SWIR was used at a wavelength of 1,550 nm from the occlusal direction, whereas for transillumination, SWIR was passed through each sample at the marginal gingiva from the buccal as well as oral side at a wavelength of 1,300 nm. Pulpal structures could be identified as darker areas approximately 2 mm before reaching the pulp chamber using SWIR transillumination, although they were indistinguishable under normal circumstances. Furcation areas in molars appeared with higher intensity than areas with canals. The location of pulpal structures was confirmed by superimposition of segmented micro-computed tomography (µCT) images. By radiomic analysis, significant differences between pulpal and parapulpal areas could be detected in image features. With hierarchical cluster analysis, both segments could be confirmed and associated with specific clusters. The local thickness of µCTs was calculated and correlated with SWIR transillumination images, by which a linear dependency of thickness and intensity could be demonstrated. Lastly, by in silico simulations of light propagation, dentin tubules were shown to be a crucial factor for understanding the visibility of the pulp. In conclusion, SWIR transillumination may allow direct clinical live navigation during endodontic access preparation.

Torque-ratio-adjustable ankle-foot exoskeleton for resisting perturbation in forward direction within fan-shaped region of pelvis horizontal plane

Introduction: The ankle-foot exoskeleton has been demonstrated to help users resist anterior perturbation in the horizontal pelvis plane. However, its effects on perturbations in other directions remain unclear. This paper focuses on how the ankle-foot exoskeleton helps people resist perturbations coming from forward directions within the fan-shaped region in the pelvis horizontal plane.Methods: Firstly, we proposed and validated a hypothesis that the human torque ratio of inversion to plantar flexion torque would change with the perturbation directions of anterior (dir0) and 45° deviating from anterior to left (dir45). Subsequently, based on the regulation demand, we developed an ankle-foot exoskeleton that can adjust the torque ratio delivered to the human body by controlling the forces on two cross-arranged cables. Finally, we evaluated and compared the assistance performance of three powered assistive modes (NM, medBD, and latBD) with the unpowered one (UN) by setting different force pairs in two cables.Results: The results showed that, with the assistance, the margin of stability was increased and the standard deviations of ankle-foot segmental movements were decreased. Meanwhile, the biological inversion torque has a significant difference among the three assistive modes. Compared to the UN, the latBD was shown to reduce the biological inversion torque by 15.8% and 13.7% in response to the dir0 and dir45 perturbations, respectively, while the reductions for the NM and medBD were smaller. It was also observed that the torque ratios, generated by the human and the exoskeleton in latBD mode, differed by about 0.1 under dir0 and 0.08 under dir45, while the physiologically similarity of the exoskeleton torque ratio in NM and medBD modes were smaller. Based on the above results, we found that the more physiologically similar the exoskeleton torque ratio, the better the assistive performance.Discussion: The findings demonstrated that the torque-ratio-adjustable exoskeleton could support human resistance to perturbations coming from forward directions within a fan-shaped region in the pelvis horizontal plane and indicated that the exoskeleton’s torque ratio should be carefully modulated to match the ratio of the human under various environmental conditions for better assistive performance.