Anatomical Variations Of Mandibular Canal Research Articles

Anatomical Variations of the Bifid Mandibular Canal on Panoramic Radiographs in Citizens from Zagreb, Croatia.

BackgroundThe bifid mandibular canal (BMC) is an anatomical variation with reported prevalence ranging from 0.08 to 65%. Identifying anatomical variations of mandibular canal is very important in order to prevent possible complications during oral surgical and other dental procedures.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to classify the morphology of BMCs using digital panoramic radiographs.Material and methodsA retrospective study was conducted that included 1008 digital panoramic radiographs (412 female and 596 male) used to identify the type of BMC. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed by three oral surgeons and one dentist, and BMCs were classified into six different types, 4 types according to Langlais et al. (types 1-4), and two new types (types 5 and 6) described by authors.ResultsThe prevalence of BMC was 4.66% (n=47), with no significant differences in gender between BMC types (P=0.947; χ2=0.74). The prevalence of type 1 BMC was 0.79% (n=8), type 2 2.08% (n=21), type 3 0.30% (n=3), type 4 0% (n=0), type 5 0.89% (n=9) and type 6 0.60% (n=6).ConclusionThis study revealed a relatively high prevalence of BMCs among Zagreb citizens. Furthermore, two new types of BMCs were described. These results stress the importance of a careful and thorough radiographic analysis prior to each invasive procedure in the mandible.

Prevalence and classification of anatomical variations of mandibular canal in panoramic radiographies

Introduction: Dental surgeries involving structures adjacent to the mandibular canal require greater knowledge of the intraosseous path, anatomical structure, and its variables, reducing the risk of injuries to this region. This research aimed to verify on the panoramic radiographs the anatomical characteristics of the mandibular canal, as well as to analyze and classify its pathways.Methods: The classification of anatomical variations of the mandibular canal was divided into four types: Class A (inferior direction); Class B (mesial direction); Class C (alveolar direction); and Class D (retromolar direction). The sample consisted of 500 exams, 207 (41.4%) males and 293 (58.6%) females, with a mean age of 29.51 years.Results: A prevalence of 30 anatomical variations of the mandibular canal was observed. The most prevalent classifications were Class B (43.6%) followed by Class C (23.1%) and D (33.3%). In no case was the presence of bifid canals classified as Class A. The anatomical variations of the mandibular canal appeared both unilaterally and bilaterally, in which unilaterally the prevalence was on the left side (50%), on the right side (20%), and bilaterally (30%).Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, a prevalence of 6% of bifid mandibular canals was found. The most prevalent types of the bifid canal were Class B and Class D, and the highest occurrence of bifid mandibular canals was left unilateral. It is concluded that the appearance of mandibular canal anatomical variations in panoramic radiographs is frequent and that additional care must be taken to approach the region.

Bifid canals: identification of three clinical cases using cone-beam computed tomography images

ABSTRACT Anatomical variations of mandibular canal have rarely been reported in the literature. The aim of this paper is to present three clinical cases of bifid mandibular canal diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as well as discuss its clinical implications. The first case is very interesting due to its anatomic variation verified in a panoramic radiograph during orthodontic planning, mimicking an odontogenic tumor. The second and the third cases were identified during tomographic evaluation for third molar exodontia. The diagnosis of bifid canals is extremely relevant in order to avoid complications during surgical procedures and implant placement as well as anesthesia failures which cause pain, paresthesia and bleeding. Furthermore, the shape of these anatomical variations can be confused with bone lesions.

Anatomical variations of mandibular canal detected by panoramic radiography and CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal through assessment in situ, panoramic radiography, CT or CBCT and assess their frequency. Articles were selected from databases (Cochrane Library, LILACS, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar), articles without limitations of language, in which the main objective was to evaluate the frequency of bifurcation of the mandibular canal through assessment in situ, panoramic radiography, CT or CBCT were selected. A meta-analysis of prevalence using random effects was performed. Using a selection process in two phases, 15 articles were identified, and a meta-analysis was conducted. The results from these meta-analyses showed that the overall prevalence of anatomical variations for in situ studies was 6.46%, and through assessment of panoramic radiography and CT or CBCT the overall prevalence shown was 4.20% and 16.25%, respectively. There are two types of variations of the mandibular canal: the retromolar canal and bifid mandibular canal. The frequency variations through assessing in situ, panoramic radiography and CT or CBCT were 6.46%, 4.20% and 16.25%, respectively.

Mandibular canal's anatomy in children with micrognathia: a computed tomography study

Objective To assess the anatomy feature of mandibular canal in children with micrognathia by CT scanning.Methods Three thickness indexes of mandibular canal were measured in 36 cases of children with micrognathia on mandible's coronary CT,including the distance between the mandibular canal and the external surfaces of the mandible (buccal,lingual,and inferior) on each molar regions; the data were analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results The mean and standard deviation of three thickness indexes (buccal,lingual,and inferior) were as follows:in the second premolar area:(4.71±1.25),(2.77±1.02),(2.92±0.83) mm; in the first molar area:(2.64±0.99),(4.33±1.12),(2.38±0.72) mm; in the second molar area:(2.44±0.76),(4.20±0.89),(3.38±1.31) mm.There were no significant differences about all the indexes between left and right side.From the second premolar area to second molar area,mandibular canal locating at lingual side accounted for 94.4％ (68 sides),and locating at buccal side acounted for 5.6％ (4 sides).Mental foramen locating between the first and second premolar area acounted for 76.3％ (55 sides),and 23.7％ (17 sides) of mental foramen located in the second premolar area.The mandibular canal with a branch accounted for 3.5％ (3 sides).Conclusions Mandibular canal arises from mandibular foramen,courses the mandible on the inferior and lingual side,and ends in mental foremen.Some anatomical variations of mandibular canal should be noticed by the surgeons,such as a branch line of mandibular canal,coursing on the buccal side,with position of mental foremen moving backward. Key words: Computerized tomography (CT) ; Micrognathia; Mandibular canal