Anastrepha Striata Schiner Research Articles

New host records for Carambola fruit fly and Anastrepha spp. in Brazil

In this work we report four new host plants of carambola fruit fly [Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 (Diptera: Tephritidae)] in Brazil from sampling carried out in four municipalities in the state of Amapá. We also report new host record for Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, 1937 and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Brazil.

Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, 1919 and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) occurring sympatrically in Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil, and first record of both species in the state

Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, 1919 and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) infest guava (Psidium guajava L.), but only A. striata is considered a serious pest in all countries where it occurs. Both species also exploit several other host plants. They are frequently collected in fruit fly surveys in Brazil, but it is unusual to collect them in the same locality. For this reason, we report the co-occurrence of A. bistrigata and A. striata in Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil, which is also the first record of both species in this state. Information on morphological identification, distribution in Brazil, hosts, and sympatric occurrences of these species is also provided.

Infestation of Pink-Flesh Guava by Frugivorous Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) in an Orchard of Mixed Mandarin and Guava Trees at Morelos, Mexico

Guavas (Psidium guajava L.) are a main host of several Lonchaeidae and Tephritidae fruit flies. In Mexico, guavas are infested mostly by Anastrepha striata Schiner, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), and occasionally by A. obliqua Macquart. We sampled 240 pink-flesh guavas from an orchard of mixed mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and guava trees at San Rafael de Zaragoza, Morelos. Fruit was collected biweekly during two fruiting periods [August-September 2021 (wet season) and January-February 2022 (dry season)]. Infestation rate, Host Suitability Index (HSI), and co-infestations by frugivorous fruit flies were assessed. We found 728 pupae (76% Anastrepha spp.), and an unusually large number of Neosilba spp. (24%). More infestation was detected during the dry season (432 pupae in the dry season versus 296 pupae in the wet season) probably caused by scarce availability of fruit. We reported for the first time, infestation of pink-flesh guavas by A. ludens from field-collected guavas picked from trees in mature-green stage. Using the HS Index, pink-flesh guavas were an inadequate host for A. ludens but were a good host for A. striata. We reported Neosilba spp. as a primary invader of guavas and discussed findings in the context of quarantine risk assessment.

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids associated with acerola, mango, and guava in the municipality of Brasil Novo, Pará

Fruit flies are phytophagous insects that are important because of the damages caused to fruits, mainly by larvae that feed on the pulp. Surveys of the diversity of these tefritids are still scarce in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region, the objective of this study was to establish the tritrophic relationship existing between species of Anastrepha, their parasitoids, and the fruits acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and guava (Psidium guajava L.) in the municipality of Brasil Novo, Pará. Freshly fallen fruits were collected weekly from January to December 2018, in three farms. Throughout the survey, 4,324 puparium were collected in guavas, 2,682 in mangoes, and 644 in acerolas. The species Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) were identified in mango (90.3%), acerola (7.7%) and guava (2.1%), and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 were identified in guava (98.8%) and acerola (1.2%). Five species of parasitoids were identified in association with A. obliqua and six species of parasitoids were identified in association with A. striata. The specie Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) was the most frequent among the species of parasitoids recorded.

Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Diptera, Tephritidae) under current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia.

Climate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner, the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops, under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunction with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment of A. striata in the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area's suitability for the fly is offered. According to the results, altitude is one of the main factors that direct the distribution of A. striata in the tropics. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to fly establishment as follows: 42 were high risk, 16 were intermediate risk, and 17 were low risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.

New host plants records of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Brazil

In this work we report five new host plants of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 as well as new records of hosts of Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, 1937, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 from samplings carried out in Mazagão county, Amapá-Brazil.

Diversity of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) and Their Host Plants in a Conservation Unit from Midwestern Brazil

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) are among the principal phytophagous insects of fruit and vegetables. Their larvae feed on the pulp or seeds of fruits to complete their development, which favors the entry of pathogens and early fall of the fruits, damaging fruit production. The objectives of this research were to determine the richness of fruit fly species and their associations with their host fruits in the Serra da Bodoquena National Park (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil) and surrounding areas. To obtain the fruit fly species from their hosts, monthly collections of fruits were made. Leaf samples were prepared and identified by botanists. The collected fruits were transported to the Laboratorio de Insetos Frugivoros, where they were counted and weighed. The species of fruit flies were identified, and their trophic interactions with their hosts analyzed. Thirty-nine plant species from 29 plant families were collected. Twelve fruit species were hosts to fruit fly larvae. The survey resulted in the recovery of 1,476 larvae and 968 adult fruit flies. Among the adults, 878 were Tephritidae and 90 Lonchaidae. Nine species from the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) and 3 from Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) were obtained. These are the first reports for Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting fruits of Eugenia myrcianthes Nied (Myrtaceae); Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Jacaratia spinosa Aubl. (Caricaceae); Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess) O. Berg. (Myrtaceae); Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal are recorded for the first time infesting Persea americana Miller (Lauraceae), and Neosilba certa (Walker) (all Diptera: Lonchaeidae) infesting Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler) Engl. (Sapotaceae), Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima (Diptera: Tephritidae) is recorded for the first time infesting Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Mato Grosso do Sul State.

Identifying Anastrepha (Diptera; Tephritidae) Species Using DNA Barcodes

Molecular identification of fruit flies in the genus Anastrepha (Diptera; Tephritidae) is important to support plant pest exclusion, suppression, and outbreak eradication. Morphological methods of identification of this economically important genus are often not sufficient to identify species when detected as immature life stages. DNA barcoding a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene has been proposed as a method to identify pests in the genus. The identification process for these fruit flies, however, has not been explained in prior DNA barcode studies. DNA barcode methods assume that available DNA sequence records are biologically meaningful. These records, however, can be limited to the most common species or lack population-level measurements of diversity for pests. In such cases, the available data used as a reference are insufficient for completing an accurate identification. Using 539 DNA sequence records from 74 species of Anastrepha, we demonstrate that our barcoding data can distinguish four plant pests: Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (Diptera; Tephritidae), Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha striata Schiner. This is based on genetic distances of barcode records for the pests and expert evaluation of species and population representation in the data set. DNA barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase I gene alone cannot reliably diagnose the pests Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha suspensa (Loew).

Sexual behavior of Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) under laboratory conditions

Anastrepha striata Schiner is one of the seven species of tephritidae that are economically important in Brazilian fruit growing, which can infest more than 16 families of host plants, mainly the Myrtaceae. The objective was to obtain information on the age of sexual maturation of males and females and to describe their reproductive behavior in the laboratory. Males reached sexual maturity between 12 and 16 days after emergence, in which most individuals were sexually mature at 14 days of age. During this period, the males performed rapid movements of the wings, producing audible signals. After the females were attracted, the males performed several courtship movements. Females reached sexual maturity between 16 and 19 days after emergence, and the majority was sexually mature at 17 days of age. Daily exhibitions of sexual activity occurred between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. The species A. striata presented a marked pattern of protandry.

Frugivorous Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae) Associated with Fruit Production on Ilha de Santana, Brazilian Amazon

We conducted a survey of the species of frugivorous flies (Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae), their hosts, and their parasitoids found on Ilha de Santana, Amapa State, Brazilian Amazon. We also assessed host plant use by Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock. Fruits were collected from various plant species, at 30 d intervals, from Jan to Jul 2015. In total, 149 fruit samples were collected (3,142 fruits, 76.3 kg), belonging to 20 plant species (9 native and 11 introduced) in 13 botanical families. Infestation by fruit flies was observed in 86 samples (11 species in 8 botanical families). Specimens of 5 species of Tephritidae and 4 species of Lonchaeidae fruit flies were obtained, as well as 3 species of braconid parasitoids. The most important fruit fly species on Ilha de Santana are: B. carambolae, for being a species of quarantine importance; and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha striata Schiner, for infesting plant species of local socioeconomic importance. Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae), Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae), Malpighia emarginata (Moc. & Sesse) ex DC. (Malpighiaceae), and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) are the host plants responsible for sustaining the population of B. carambolae.

Ocorrência de Moscas-das-Frutas e Parasitoides em Spondias mombin L. em Três Municípios do Estado do Amapá, Brasil

The objective of this work was register the occurrence of Anastrepha species and parasitoids associated to fruits of Spondias mombin in three municipalities of the state of Amapa, Brazil. We collected fruits of S. mombin in the municipalities of Oiapoque, Porto Grande and Mazagao (10 samples per municipality, each one consisting of about 1 kg of fruit) in February and March 2014. We obtained 2,715 puparia, from which emerged 891 specimens of Anastrepha and 261 Hymenoptera. The infestation rates were variable, with the highest average amount recorded in Porto Grande (99.8 pupae/kg of fruit). We obtained four species of the genus Anastrepha : Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha antunesi Lima, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha striata Schiner. Anastrepha obliqua was the most abundant species in the three municipalities. Of the 29 samples infested by fruit flies, only seven (24.1%) did not present parasitism. The highest mean percentage of parasitism was registered in Mazagao (18.9%). We obtained five species of parasitoids: Opius bellus Gahan (50.6% of total), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (26.8%), Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) (16.5%), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (5.7%) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes) (0.4%). Keywords: Amazon; Anastrepha ; Doryctobracon ; hog plum.

Co-Infestation and Spatial Distribution of Bactrocera carambolae and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Common Guava in the Eastern Amazon.

Field infestation and spatial distribution of introduced Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and native species of Anastrepha in common guavas [Psidium guajava (L.)] were investigated in the eastern Amazon. Fruit sampling was carried out in the municipalities of Calçoene and Oiapoque in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The frequency distribution of larvae in fruit was fitted to the negative binomial distribution. Anastrepha striata was more abundant in both sampled areas in comparison to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and B. carambolae. The frequency distribution analysis of adults revealed an aggregated pattern for B. carambolae as well as for A. fraterculus and Anastrepha striata Schiner, described by the negative binomial distribution. Although the populations of Anastrepha spp. may have suffered some impact due to the presence of B. carambolae, the results are still not robust enough to indicate effective reduction in the abundance of Anastrepha spp. caused by B. carambolae in a general sense. The high degree of aggregation observed for both species suggests interspecific co-occurrence with the simultaneous presence of both species in the analysed fruit. Moreover, a significant fraction of uninfested guavas also indicated absence of competitive displacement.

Limits to the host range of the highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens in its natural habitat.

Anastepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly that is able to develop in a wide range of hosts. Understanding the limits of this pest's host range could provide valuable information for pest management and plant breeding for pest resistance. Previous studies have shown that guavas (Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) L.), are not attacked under natural conditions by A. ludens. To understand this phenomenon, guavas were exposed to natural infestation by A. ludens and to other fruit fly species that infest guavas in nature (Anastrepha striata Schiner, Anastepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastepha obliqua (Macquart)). Once the susceptible phenological stage of guavas was determined, fruit infestation levels were compared between A. ludens and A. striata. Choice and non-choice tests were performed under field-cage conditions. Under field conditions, guavas were susceptible to A. striata and A. fraterculus attack all the way from when fruit was undeveloped to when fruit began to ripen. No infestation by A. ludens was recorded under natural conditions. Similar results were obtained when forced exposures were performed, indicating that unripe guavas were preferred by A. striata over ripe fruit, and that infestation rates were higher at early fruit maturity stages. Under forced oviposition conditions, A. ludens larvae were unable to develop in unripe guavas but did so in fully ripe fruit. However, A. ludens fitness parameters were dramatically affected, exhibiting reduced survival and reduced pupal weight compared to conspecifics that developed in a natural host, grapefruit. We confirm that P. guajava should not be treated as a natural host of this pestiferous species, and suggest that both behavioral aspects and the fact that larvae are unable to adequately develop in this fruit, indeed represent clear limits to A. ludens's broad host range.

Is sexually transmitted fungal infection evidence for size-related mating success in Neotropical guava fruit flies?

Se estudió poblaciones naturales de la mosca frutera Anastrepha striata Schiner, en dos lugares de Costa Rica. Los hongos Laboulbeniales se transmiten en éstas durante la cópula. Hembras y machos con hongos en las patas y/o parte ventral del tórax (machos), y en ambos lados del noto y/o base dorsal del abdomen (hembras), teRÍan alas significativamente más largas que los individuos no parasitados. Esto sugiere que los individuos más grandes logran más apareamientos.

Olfactory response of Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava and sweet orange volatiles.

The behavioral responses of virgin and mated female Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava (Psidium guajava L.) or sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) were evaluated separately using multilure traps in two-choice tests in field cages. The results showed that flies were more attracted to guava and sweet orange volatiles than to control (unbaited trap). The physiological state (virgin or mated) of females did not affect their attraction to the fruit volatiles. Combined analysis of gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD) of volatile extracts of both fruits showed that 1 and 6 compounds from orange and guava, respectively elicited repeatable antennal responses from mated females. The EAD active compounds in guava volatile extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as ethyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenol, hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. Linalool was identified as the only antennal active compound in sweet orange extracts. In field cage tests, there were no significant differences between the number of mated flies captured by the traps baited with guava extracts and the number caught by traps baited with the 6-component blend that was formulated according to the relative proportions in the guava extracts. Similar results occurred when synthetic linalool was evaluated against orange extracts. From a practical point of view, the compounds identified in this study could be used for monitoring A. striata populations.

Demographic and quality control parameters of laboratory and wild Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

In this study, rearing systems for, and the quality and demographic parameters of, a wild strain (WS) and two laboratory strains (LSs; one maintained on a torula yeast-casein diet and the other on a starter-gel diet) were determined for the American guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Schiner). No differences were observed between the LSs, but there were significant differences between the LSs and WSs. The LSs had the highest values for larval recovery, pupal weight, egg hatch, number of eggs/female per day, net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase. Therefore, during a short oviposition period, the LSs had a high fecundity. There were no differences in pupation at 24 h and larval weight between the WS and LS. However, the values of parameters, adult emergence, female and male life expectancies, age at first oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods and mean generation time were the highest in the WS.

Species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) captured in a guava orchard (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil.

The guava fruit (Psidium guajava) is among the most strongly affected by fruit flies in Brazil. In the Brazilian Amazon, 11 species of Anastrepha have been reported in guava orchards to date. This work aimed to identify the species of Anastrepha present in a guava orchard in the municipality of Boa Vista, determine the species infesting the fruits, and identify any parasitoids present. Two McPhail traps with food bait were installed and weekly collections were made between January and December 2008. Fruits were also collected systematically during this period, with a view to determining the association between host plant and tephritid species. Nine species of Anastrepha were identified, in addition to one specimen belonging to a probable new species. Anastrepha striata Schiner, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) were the dominant species in the orchard, accounting for 84.8% of all captured individuals. All females collected directly from fruits were A. striata. Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) was the only parasitoid species obtained. In this work, Anastrepha ethalea (Walker) is reported for the first time in the state of Roraima.

Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on cultivated and wild hosts in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on cultivated and wild hosts in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Information on frugivorous flies in cultivated or wild host plants and their parasitoids in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul is presented and discussed. Fruit fly samples were collected weekly in specific fruit trees, and McPhail® traps were installed in the same trees for a period of two years. The fruit flies infested ripe and unripe fruits of Averrhoa carambola L., Schoepfia sp., Psidium guajava L. and Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk and mature fruits of Anacardium occidentale L. and Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. Nineteen fruit fly species were obtained with the combination of sampling methods (collecting fruits and trapping), nine of them obtained with both methods, five found only in fruits and five only in traps. This is the first record of Anastrepha striata Schiner in a species of Sapotaceae, as well as for A. castanea Norrbom and A. daciformes Bezzi in Schoepfia sp. (Olacaceae), and for A. distincta Greene in fruits of P. guajava in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fruit collections simultaneously associated with capture of fruit flies by McPhail traps in the same host plants are essential to understand the diversity of fruit flies and their relationship with hosts and parasitoids. Species of Braconidae and Pteromalidae were recovered, where Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) was the most abundant parasitoid in larvae of tephritids infesting both cultivated and wild host fruits.

Talisia olivaeformis(Sapindaceae) andZuelania guidonia(Flacourtiaceae): New Host Records forAnastrephaspp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in México

scribed species, but new wild hosts frequently are found (Aluja et al. 2003). In the Mexican state of Campeche, 10 species of Anastrepha are known (Hern?ndez-Ortiz 1992; Hern?ndez-Ortiz et al. 2002; Tucuch-Cauich et al. 2008). Most records were obtained from label data on specimens de posited in entomological collections or from mon itoring systems with McPhail traps (baited with liquid protein), and little information has been generated from wild host fruits in the region. We now report new records of fruit flies reared from 2 wild host fruits of cultural and economic impor tance in the Mexican state of Campeche. Fruits of Talisia olivaeformis (H. B. K.) Radlk (Sapindaceae), known locally as guaya, fayum, guayo, or cotoperis, are green, 2-3 cm in diameter, spherical, with thick pericarp, orange-yellow flesh, and with a single seed (Pulido-Salas 1993). The edible fruits are a source of alternative in come to inhabitants in the Campeche region (Zarate-Hoyos 1998) and its timber has economic potential (Pulido-Salas 1993). The permetrina, paragua, tamay, or volador, Zuelania guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millsp. (Fla courtiaceae) is a component of traditional Mayan gardens (Ford 2008) with spherical fruit 5 cm in diameter that ripen at the end of the dry season (Enquist & Sullivan 2001). Ripe fruits samples were collected on 27 May (4.1 kg of T. olivaeformis) and 8 Jul 2009 (1 kg. of Z. guidonia) in La Victoria, Campeche (18?29.251'N; 90?55.304'W; 42.6 elev.). The fruits were transported to the laboratory of the Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias (Universidad Aut?noma de Campeche, UAC) and dissected for extraction of larvae. These larvae were placed in dividually in plastic cups for rearing (3x2 cm), with agrolite (Polietilenos del Sur?, Morelos, M?xico) as a substrate for pupation. The cham bers were maintained under ambient conditions (32?C? 2, RH 95% ? 5). Fruit flies began to emerge from T. olivaefor mis on 12 Jun, with parasitoids emerging on 22 Jun. Specimens emerged from Z. guidonia on 24 Jul. Adult flies were preserved in 70% alcohol for subsequent identification with the keys of Foote et al. (1993) and the parasitoids with those of Guimaraes et al. (2005) and Wharton (1997). Voucher specimens (insects and plants) were de posited in the entomological collection and her bariums of the Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias (UAC) and Universidad Aut?noma de Yucat?n (UADY). Talisia olivaeformis yielded 168 pupae, of which 81 were Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiede mann) (47 females and 34 males), 6 were Anas trepha ludens (Loew) (3 females and 3 males), and 5 were Doryctohracon areolatus Szepligeti (5 fe males), a braconid parasitoid previously recorded from these Anastrepha species (L?pez et al. 1999). Zuelania guidonia yielded 81 pupae: 31 were A. fraterculus (16 females and 15 males), 1 was Anastrepha striata Schiner (male) and 2 were Od ontosema albinerve Kieffer (-Odontosema anas trephae, sensu Kieffer), a figitid parasitoid associ ated with these tephritid species (L?pez et al. 1999). Fruits of olivaeformis were recorded as a host for Anastrepha spp. in Venezuela by Guag liumi (1966), but the species were not deter mined; thus, the Anastrepha records presented here are the first identified Anastrepha species re ported for this host plant. Previously Anastrepha zuelaniae Stone was the only fruit fly known to be associated with Z. guidonia (Bush 1962; Norrbom & Kim 1988; Foote et al. 1993), but our data show that A. fraterculus and A. striata can complete their de velopment in this host, as well as A. zuelaniae. The increase in the number of fruit fly species that attack wild hosts may be a preference for small wild fruits compared with larger fruit with

Fluctuación estacional de moscas de la fruta anastrepha spp. y ceratitis capitata (wiedemann, 1824) (diptera: tephritidae) en trampas mcphail en Piura y en Ica, Perú

Se realizó un estudio sobre la diversidad, la fluctuación estacional y la proporción sexual de Moscas de la fruta (Tephritidae) entre enero y diciembre del 2002, capturadas con trampas McPhail de plásticoen los departamentos de Piura e Ica, Perú. En el Valle Alto Piura y en Ica en cuatro valles (Chincha, Pisco, Ica y Nazca) se evaluó el n° de moscas capturadas/trampa/semana, identificándose tres especiesen común: Anastrepha distincta Greene, 1934, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), y Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). En Piura se encontró exclusivamente a Anastrepha chiclayae Greene, 1934, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) y Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868. En cambio en Ica exclusivamente se registró a Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830). Piura presentó una mayor riqueza de tephritidae en comparación a Ica. En Piura, la especie dominante y constante fue A. obliqua y en Ica fue C. capitata. El índice de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener (H´) no presentó fluctuaciones estacionales en Piura; en cambio en Ica fue más alto en primavera-verano. Las poblaciones de A. fraterculus se incrementaron en el verano en Piura e Ica. En adición, para C. capitata y el total de moscas de la fruta se observó un aumento en verano en Piura y en otoño en Ica. A. obliqua en Piura no presentó fluctuaciones estacionales. Del total de especimenes capturados en Ica, el 66,5% fueron hembras y el 33,5% fueron machos. En Piura, el 60,5% fueron hembras y el 39,5% fueron machos. La proporción sexual global de macho-hembra fue de 1:1,7 (63,5 % hembras y 36,5% machos). La temperatura y la presencia de especies frutícolas hospedantes de moscas de la fruta en estado de maduración explican las fluctuaciones observadas.