Analytic Functions Research Articles

Celiac Disease and the Risk of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Ethnic Minority Populations: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Historically, CD was primarily recognized and described as a disease of the Caucasian population. Data from a national survey in 2015 revealed that 0.79% of the population was formally diagnosed with celiac disease, with the non-Hispanic white population having a prevalence of 4-8 times higher than other underrepresented races. Although there is evidence that CD affects minorities at higher than reported rates, there is little data on its effects on minority populations. Our study aimed to characterize celiac-related complications among underrepresented populations in a large health database. We performed a cohort study among patients aged ≥18, utilizing the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Two cohorts of patients (minority and non-Hispanic white) with CD were identified between 2016 and 2021. Cohorts were propensity scores matched on demographics and baseline clinical characteristics. Outcomes were assessed up to 1 year after the index event (CD diagnosis), including vitamin/mineral deficiencies and hospital visits. Data were analyzed using the TriNetX Analytics function. Each group was matched with 817 patients. Compared to the non-Hispanic white population, the minority group had a similar incidence of iron, vitamin B, and zinc deficiencies. The minority group had a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, anemia secondary to iron deficiency, inpatient hospital stays, and emergency department visits. Our results indicate that minority patients with celiac disease have a higher incidence of vitamin D and iron deficiency.

A Bi-Starlike Class in a Leaf-like Domain Defined through Subordination via q̧-Calculus

Bi-univalent functions associated with the leaf-like domain within the open unit disk are investigated and a new subclass is introduced and studied in the research presented here. This is achieved by applying the subordination principle for analytic functions in conjunction with q-calculus. The class is proved to be not empty. By proving its existence, generalizations can be given to other sets of functions. In addition, coefficient bounds are examined with a particular focus on |α2| and |α3| coefficients, and Fekete–Szegö inequalities are estimated for the functions in this new class. To support the conclusions, previous works are cited for confirmation.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI): From cancer killers to electrolyte disruptors.

e24146 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. Cancer patients, especially lung cancer (LCa), are at an increased risk of developing electrolyte imbalance due to several etiologies such as poor nutrition, paraneoplastic syndromes, etc. It is vital to address electrolyte disturbances with the use of ICIs. Objective: The study aims to understand the relationship between ICIs and electrolyte disturbance in LCa patients. Methods: TrinetX, a global federated research network, provides a dataset of electronic medical records from different healthcare organizations (HCOs), was utilized. Initial query was made to isolate patients with LCa stages 2-4. The 2 groups were based on the presence or absence of IO (atezolizumab, durvalumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab). Further, propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to match age, sex, race, chronic kidney disease, diarrhea. Compare outcome analytic function was utilized to map the co-relation with electrolyte imbalance. Results: 41,818 patients were identified, out of which 12.37% (n = 5172) patients received immunotherapy at some point in their cancer treatment. There was no statistical difference in age (65.9 ± 10.3 vs 65.9 ± 11.3, p = 0.8608) as well as gender in both groups. Caucasians (69% vs 66% for Causians (p < 0.0001)) were the predominant race in both groups and were more likely to receive immunotherapy compared to African Americans (12% vs 14% in AA (p = 0.0004)). Diarrhea (30% vs 9%, p < 0.0001) and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (18% vs 8%, p < 0.0001) were predominantly seen in IO group. Prior to matching, hypomagnesemia (HypoMg) (10.47% vs 5.85%, p < 0.0001), hypocalcemia(HypoCa) (3.36% vs 2.03%, p < 0.0001), hypokalemia (HypoK) (16.91% vs 11.02%, p < 0.0001), hyperkalemia (HyperK) (7.69% vs 4.88%, p < 0.0001), hyponatremia (HypoNa) (16.82% vs 10.66%, p < 0.0001) and hypercalcemia (HyperCa) (5.26% vs 3.05%, p < 0.0001) were seen higher in IO group while hypermagnesemia (HyperMg) (2.04% vs 2.62%, p = 0.0150) was more seen in the non IO group, with no significant difference in hypernatremia (HyperNa) (2.34% vs 1.95%, p = 0.0634). After PSM, HypoMg (10.48% vs 7.01%, p < 0.0001), HypoK (16.92% vs 12.64%, p < 0.0001), HyperK (7.69% vs 6.26%, p = 0.0060), HypoNa (16.80% vs 11.56%, p < 0.0001) and HyperCa (5.26% vs 3.06%, p < 0.0001) were seen more in IO group, while HyperMg (2.04% vs 2.67%, p = 0.0399) was higher in non IO and there was no significant difference for HypoCa (3.36% vs 2.77, p = 0.0829) and HyperNa (2.34% vs 1.89%, p = 0.1135). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that there is correlation between ICI use and electrolyte imbalance. Providers should be vigilant about the potential electrolyte abnormalities when treating patients with ICI therapy.

Memory mayhem: Hormone therapy causing brain fog in patients with DCIS.

575 Background: Long term hormonal therapy in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have been studied without consistent evidence to cause cognitive side effects. Here we evaluate the relation of using hormonal therapy (HT) in patients with DCIS with cognitive effects. Methods: TrinetX, a global federated research network that provides a dataset of electronic medical records from different healthcare organizations (HCOs), was utilized. Initial query was made to isolate patients who had an ER positive DCIS. Two groups were made based on the receipt of hormone therapy (exemestane, tamoxifen, letrozole, anastrozole). Further, propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to match age, sex, race, development of malignant neoplasm of breast, chemotherapy at any point. Outcomes of cognitive impairment were identified using ICD 10 CM codes R41.3, R41.0, F05, F02.81, and Alzheimer’s dementia was identified using ICD 10 CM code G30. Compare outcome analytic function was utilized to map the co-relation of HT with cognitive impairment. Results: 64,266 patients were identified with ER positive DCIS, of whom 63.18% (n=40,601) received HT. Patients who received HT were older (61.4 ± 12.3 vs. 61 ± 12.9, p<0.0001), and predominantly Caucasian (70% vs 65%, p<0.0001). On looking further into racial distribution of population, it was seen that Caucasians were predominant in both groups, followed by African Americans (12% vs. 11%, p=0.0016) and Unknown race (11% vs. 17%, p<0.0001), then Asians (4% vs. 4%, p=0.0675). Before PSM, it was seen that 7.55% (n= 2,818) patients had cognitive side effects compared to only 5.044% (n= 1,139) in group that did not receive HT (OR 1.537 (1.432,1.65), p<0.0001). Log-Rank Test for Kaplan-Meier curve was significant for the difference with hazard ratio 1.315, (1.227,1.409). A similar association was seen with Alzheimer’s dementia (0.735% vs. 0.547%, OR 1.346 (1.094,1.656), p= 0.0048) but Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not show any significant difference between the groups. After PSM, both groups had 15,801 cases. The odds of developing cognitive impairment was higher in HT group (6.582% vs. 5.589%, OR 1.19, (1.082,1.309), p=0.0003). But Log-Rank Test for Kaplan-Meier curve did not show any significant difference (HR 1.047 (95% CI 0.954-1.149)). There was no significant difference for Alzheimer’s dementia development in either group (0.769% vs. 0.591%, 1.303 (0.994,1.709), p = 0.0548). Conclusions: Our study shows that HT significantly increases the odds of developing cognitive impairment. The limitation of the study is the duration of follow up. Usually, patients with DCIS live much longer and can have cognitive effects beyond the window of this study; hence a prospective long-term follow-up study is required to ascertain the relation of HT and cognitive side effects. Patients when starting the treatment should be counselled about the risk of developing cognitive side effects in future.

An effective parameterization of broadband ocean surface albedo applicable to all skies

The ocean surface albedo (OSA) is an important parameter in ocean and climate models for air-sea heat flux calculations. Current OSA schemes are either too simple, making them only suitable for clear sky conditions, or too complex, because they depend on parameters that are not often measured in conventional ocean observations. Using radiation observations at a fixed offshore platform, we propose a simple but effective parameterization scheme of OSA, in which the broadband OSA is an analytical function of both the solar zenith angle and atmospheric transparency. It depends only on the downward shortwave radiation measured at the ocean surface and applies to all sky conditions. During our 15-month radiation observations, the correlation coefficient between the calculated OSA and the observations reached 0.90 for all skies, and the root mean square deviation was 0.0130. Three other OSA observation datasets are also introduced to verify this scheme.

ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF THE EMPLOYEES IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTH SYSTEMS IN ROMANIA

In this paper, a statistical analysis is made of the health personnel in Romania in the public and private systems using data from the period 1990-2022, provided by the National Institute of Statistics. Using the least squares method, analytical functions are found that model the trend and forecasts are made for the years 2023 and 2024. The confidence intervals for the predictions are also found, at a significance threshold of 5%, and the correlations between certain indicators are analysed. It was found that in the public sector there was a downward trend, in general, for all categories of medical personnel in the period 1990-2017, followed by an increasing evolution after 2018, due to salary increases in the system. However, there is still a shortage of physicians in the public sector, even if their number has steadily increased in the last years. There is no correlation between the number of physicians and the number of beds in public hospitals, although this should be positive and high. On the other hand, in the private sector the trend is obviously increasing throughout the studied period, the correlations are very strong between the analysed indicators, a situation explained by the fact that in this system the goal is to minimize expenses and increase profit and less access of all citizens to health services.

Development and Evaluation of Community Affairs Management Information System for Municipality of Torrijos

The Municipality of Torrijos understands the necessity for a comprehensive Community Affairs Management Information System (CAMIS) combined with strong data analytics capabilities in an era of increased digitization and community participation. The objective of this study aims to design and implement a user-friendly CAMIS platform tailored to the specific needs and requirements of the Municipality of Torrijos; incorporate data analytics functionalities to extract insights from community-related data and support evidence-based decision-making; utilize data analytics to identify community needs, prioritize initiatives, and allocate resources efficiently to maximize impact; and, conduct rigorous evaluation and assessment to measure the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability of CAMIS the on community relations and governance. The development and evaluation of CAMIS using data analytics for the Municipality of Torrijos is presented in this paper.

Certain classes of analytic functions defined by polylogarithm functions

Certain classes of analytic functions defined by polylogarithm functions

First-principles study on thermal expansion of W-Re sigma and chi phases

We investigate how the Re content affects the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the non-stoichiometric W-based σ and χ phases, forming upon neutron irradiation of W, to explore and quantify its mismatch between precipitates (W-Re) and matrix (W). To this end, we have conducted first-principles calculations using two approaches: the Debye-Grüneisen (DG) model and the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA). The two approaches yield different results: the QHA, which is deemed to be the most accurate of the two, predicts substantial changes with Re content, while the acoustic-modes based DG model does not. The CTE of the σ and χ at stable Re contents is compared to experimental values for bcc-W and bcc-W-Re containing 25 at.% Re. Taking bcc-W as a reference, we find a significant mismatch in CTE of up to 37% and 62% for σ and χ, respectively, which may contribute to thermal stress buildup in the material at elevated temperatures. The mismatch is shown to increase with the temperature and Re content for both phases. The produced data are used to fit a temperature and Re concentration-dependent analytical function of the CTE for both phases, which can be employed as input for continuum mechanical modeling.

Coefficient Bounds for q-Noshiro Starlike Functions in Conic Region

We present and examine a new family of analytic functions that can be described by a q-Ruscheweyh differential operator. We discuss several novel results, including coefficient inequalities and other noteworthy properties such as partial sums and radii of starlikeness. Moreover, coefficient estimates for the class of Janowski starlike functions associated with symmetric conic domains are also discussed.

On the distribution of zeros of analytic functions in angles in $$\mathbf{C} \backslash \{ {0}\} $$

AbstractIn this article some results on the value distribution theory of analytic functions defined in angles of $$\mathbb{C}$$ C , due mainly to B. Ja. Levin and A. Pfluger, will be extended to the more general situation where the functions are defined in angles of $$\mathbb{C}\backslash\{ 0\}$$ C \ { 0 } . More precisely, angles $$S ( \theta_{1},\theta_{2}) $$ S ( θ 1 , θ 2 ) with vertex at the origin will be considered and where a singularity at zero is allowed. An special class of these functions are those of completely regular growth for which it is proved a basic result which yields an expression of the density of its zeros in terms of the indicator function.

Starlikeness of analytic functions using special functions and subordination

Starlikeness of analytic functions using special functions and subordination

Words of analytic paraproducts on Hardy and weighted Bergman spaces

For a fixed analytic function g on the unit disc, we consider the analytic paraproducts induced by g, which are formally defined by Tgf(z)=∫0zf(ζ)g′(ζ)dζ, Sgf(z)=∫0zf′(ζ)g(ζ)dζ, and Mgf(z)=g(z)f(z). We are concerned with the study of the boundedness of operators in the algebra Ag generated by the above operators acting on Hardy, or standard weighted Bergman spaces on the disc. The general question is certainly very challenging, since operators in Ag are finite linear combinations of finite products (words) of Tg,Sg,Mg which may involve a large amount of cancellations to be understood. The results in [1] show that boundedness of operators in a fairly large subclass of Ag can be characterized by one of the conditions g∈H∞, or gn belongs to BMOA or the Bloch space, for some integer n>0. However, it is also proved that there are many operators, even single words in Ag whose boundedness cannot be described in terms of these conditions. The present paper provides a considerable progress in this direction. Our main result provides a complete quantitative characterization of the boundedness of an arbitrary word in Ag in terms of a “fractional power” of the symbol g, that only depends on the number of appearances of each of the letters Tg,Sg,Mg in the given word.

Von Neumann algebras of analytic functions on the unit ball

This paper is an attempt to answer the challenge posed by Ma and Zhu in [3]. We provide examples of von Neumann algebras of holomorphic functions over the unit disc as well as over the unit ball. In the end, we introduce a novel multiplication operation on the set of all holomorphic functions over the unit disc, ensuring that this collection forms a ⁎-algebra of analytic functions over D.

Sufficient Conditions for Linear Operators Related to Confluent Hypergeometric Function and Generalized Bessel Function of the First Kind to Belong to a Certain Class of Analytic Functions

Geometric function theory has extensively explored the geometric characteristics of analytic functions within symmetric domains. This study analyzes the geometric properties of a specific class of analytic functions employing confluent hypergeometric functions and generalized Bessel functions of the first kind. Specific constraints are imposed on the parameters to ensure the inclusion of the confluent hypergeometric function within the analytic function class. The coefficient bound of the class is used to determine the inclusion properties of integral operators involving generalized Bessel functions of the first kind. Different results are observed for these operators, depending on the specific values of the parameters. The results presented here include some previously published findings as special cases.

Unfolding of mono-energy neutron spectra using artificial neural network based on LMBP training algorithm

In this work, neutron spectra are unfolded using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The neutron response of the NE213 scintillator detector, characterized by the pulse height distribution, is calculated to obtain the necessary data for unfolding the energy spectrum. This is achieved using both analytical response functions and response functions generated by the MCNPX-PHOTRACK code. In this query, the Levenberg-Marquardt method (LMM), which has a high computational speed in the learning method, is used to train the network. The performance of the ANN for unfolding the neutron energy spectrum of the NE213 scintillation detector was evaluated by comparing its results to the established Gravel method. The ANN method consistently produced spectra with a single peak closely matching the incident energy, while the Gravel method showed additional peaks and distortions. Quantitative analysis revealed a lower relative energy peak difference (indicating higher accuracy) for the ANN method compared to Gravel, particularly when noise was introduced into the data. These results suggest that ANNs offer a more robust and accurate approach for neutron spectrum unfolding.

Energy dependence of GafChromic LD-V1 film dose response to X-ray photons in the 60 to 180 kV range

Abstract Introduction: Radiochromic film (RCF) is suitable for use as a dosimeter owing to its inherently superior spatial resolution and near-water equivalence. A new model of RCF recommended for measuring imaging dose in the kV nominal energy range was recently introduced onto the market. In this study, we investigate the dependence on the beam quality of GafChromic LD-V1 film’s radiation dose response. Material and methods: Pieces of LD-V1 film were irradiated to air kerma ranging from 0 to 570 mGy in X-ray photons with beam qualities of 60 kV (HVL = 1.32 mm Al), 100 kV (HVL = 2.83 mm Al), 120 kV (HVL = 5.11 mm Al), 150 kV (HVL = 6.23 mm Al), and 180 kV (HVL = 0.54 mm Cu). The net reflectance from each film was obtained from a color flatbed scanner. For each beam quality, an analytical power function was fitted to the net reflectance - air kerma relationship and tested for differences. Results: We have found that for the beam qualities investigated, the response of the Gafchromic LD-V1 film was not significantly dependent on energy, and a single calibration curve could be used. The total relative uncertainty and absolute error reached maxima of 18% and 80%, respectively for air kerma values less than 50 mGy, and remained below 10% for air kerma in the range 50 mGy to 570 mGy. Conclusions: The results of our investigation revealed that the response of Gafchromic LD-V1 film is not significantly dependent on beam quality. A minimum air kerma irradiation of 50 mGy is recommended to minimise uncertainty.

A simple method for mechanical analysis of pressurized functionally graded material thick-walled cylinder

The complex function method is employed to establish a mechanical model for pressurized thick-wall cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGM). This model is applicable to all radial varying modes of material properties, including both continuous and discontinuous variations in Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The main concept behind this mechanical model involves dividing the thick-walled cylinder into concentric thin cylinders, each equipped with a pair of analytical functions representing stress functions. By imposing continuity conditions between adjacent thin cylinders and considering the stress boundary conditions of the entire structure, all unknown forms of analytical functions can be determined. Subsequently, by establishing the correspondence relationship between these analytical functions and stress or displacement, it becomes possible to solve for the stress or displacement at any radial position within the thick-walled cylinder. Through comparison and verification against the numerical simulation results, it can demonstrate that as long as the differential scale is sufficiently small, high accuracy can be achieved in the final result. In other words, solutions obtained for multi-layered hollow cylinder converge toward those obtained for continuously graded thick-walled cylinder. Notably, by starting from the level of stress function and avoiding complex differential and integral equations, a linear equation system can provide information on stress and displacement distributions along the radial direction. Therefore, compared to other solving methods available, this proposed approach offers simplicity and applicability.

A Lifelike guided journey through the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension—from measured metabolites to the mechanism of action of drugs

IntroductionPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological condition that affects approximately 1% of the population. The prognosis for many patients is poor, even after treatment. Our knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause or are involved in the progression of PH is incomplete. Additionally, the mechanism of action of many drugs used to treat pulmonary hypertension, including sotatercept, requires elucidation.MethodsUsing our graph-powered knowledge mining software Lifelike in combination with a very small patient metabolite data set, we demonstrate how we derive detailed mechanistic hypotheses on the mechanisms of PH pathophysiology and clinical drugs.ResultsIn PH patients, the concentration of hypoxanthine, 12(S)-HETE, glutamic acid, and sphingosine 1 phosphate is significantly higher, while the concentration of L-arginine and L-histidine is lower than in healthy controls. Using the graph-based data analysis, gene ontology, and semantic association capabilities of Lifelike, led us to connect the differentially expressed metabolites with G-protein signaling and SRC. Then, we associated SRC with IL6 signaling. Subsequently, we found associations that connect SRC, and IL6 to activin and BMP signaling. Lastly, we analyzed the mechanisms of action of several existing and novel pharmacological treatments for PH. Lifelike elucidated the interplay between G-protein, IL6, activin, and BMP signaling. Those pathways regulate hallmark pathophysiological processes of PH, including vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.DiscussionThe results highlight the importance of SRC, ERK1, AKT, and MLC activity in PH. The molecular pathways affected by existing and novel treatments for PH also converge on these molecules. Importantly, sotatercept affects SRC, ERK1, AKT, and MLC simultaneously. The present study shows the power of mining knowledge graphs using Lifelike’s diverse set of data analytics functionalities for developing knowledge-driven hypotheses on PH pathophysiological and drug mechanisms and their interactions. We believe that Lifelike and our presented approach will be valuable for future mechanistic studies of PH, other diseases, and drugs.

#541 Secular trends in CKD and ESKD mortality rates in the United States, 2011–2021

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have a considerably higher mortality than the general population. Nevertheless, in the United States, mortality rates in the CKD and ESKD populations have declined steadily over the last decade until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. Through a quantitative analysis of the age- and time-dependence of mortality rates in renal patient populations in the US, we aimed at quantifying trends in life expectancy between 2011 and 2021. Method We analysed CKD and ESKD mortality rates as reported in the US Renal Data System's (USRDS) Annual Data Report 2023 for the years 2011–2021 [1]. There, CKD mortality rates were determined from a Medicare 5% random sample (CKD stages 4 and 5) for patients aged 65 and above (“CKD 65+”). ESKD mortality rates were obtained from the USRDS database; we analysed data for patients aged 45 and above (“ESKD 45+”). We used fits of analytical functions to the data to hosphorzed their dependence on age and time. This technique enables us to extract quantitative trends in time by tracking fit parameters. Results We found that for each year between 2011 and 2021, mortality rates in the adult CKD and ESKD populations in the US largely conformed to an exponential dependence on patient age, $m = {{m}_0}( t ){{2}^{a/{{\Delta }}a}}$, that is, mortality rates doubled over constant age increments ${{\Delta }}a$. While overall, mortality rates were declining between 2011 and 2019, the age increments over which mortality rates doubled were nearly identical for each year (CKD 65+: ${{\Delta }}a$ = 10.5 ± 0.4 y, ESKD 45+: ${{\Delta }}a$ = 15.1 ± 0.9 y; mean ± SD). Exploiting this simple relationship, we found that the changes in mortality rates over time could largely be reduced to a steady right-shift of an otherwise unchanged mortality curve over time (shown for the ESKD 45+ group in Fig. 1a). By quantifying this right-shift over time, we estimated the gain in 1-year survival probability for different ages (Fig. 1b,c). This gain in survival does not necessarily imply a prolonged time on renal replacement therapy (RRT), e.g., when patients concomitantly start RRT at a later age. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 coincides with an abrupt cessation of these positive trends, reflected by a setback of mortality curves close to those in the year 2016 for the CKD population and to before 2011 for the ESKD population. Conclusion Public health data on CKD and ESKD show systematic dependencies of mortality rates on age and time, which can be revealed using analytical parameterisations of the data. Using this technique, we can capture trends in mortality rates and 1-year survival probability in adult kidney patient populations in the US during the years 2011–2019 and can quantify the abrupt cessation of these trends during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the CKD population we observed a setback of mortality rates close to those in the year 2016 with the onset of the pandemic. Changes in mortality rates in the ESKD population were more distinct. Specifically in elderly patients (aged 65 and above) 1-year survival dropped abruptly to levels lower than those observed in the previous decade.