Analysis Of Urban Processes Research Articles

A Geodatabase Design for the Development of a Digital Twin for Urban Environments: A Case Study from Turin, Italy

Abstract. 3D City models are essential for urban planning, accurately visualizing, analyzing, and simulating urban environments. They find applications in various fields like AEC (Architecture and Construction), urban and transportation planning, development and conservation processes, energy systems monitoring, and many more. Extensive datasets for the 3D City Models need to be organized following international standards to make them reusable and sharable for different stakeholders. Designing a Geodatabase (GeoDB) for a 3D city model is crucial for data management as it is helpful in the streamlined visualization and analysis of the city's features and relations among its objects. Over the years, 3D city models have evolved into Urban Digital Twins, offering dynamic real-time simulations of cities and even better management and analysis of urban processes. This transition from 3D city models to UDTs enhances decision-making by providing detailed insights into the dynamics of urban systems, enabling better urban management and planning. This research concentrates on building a GeoDB to support the UDT. The paper discusses the data acquisition, processing, and integration methodologies.Additionally, it highlights the significance of utilizing advanced remote sensing technologies such as aerial LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry to enhance the digital twin’s quality and richness in detail. The semantics of the built environment datasets are clarified and strictly defined for the most important UDT features, such as buildings, roads, trees, and other features. This will ensure everyone can interpret the data similarly, leading to better analysis and decision-making.

Урбанизация Российского и зарубежного Севера: сравнительный анализ количественных характеристик

Urbanization is considered as part of the transformation process of the global, national, and regional systems. The author has conducted a comparative analysis of the quantitative characteristics of urbanization in the Russian North (including the Far North-East) as well as in foreign countries (territories) of the North. The article shows that, over the past 30 years, the level of urbanization in both Russia as a whole and its northern territories has been growing very slowly on the background of the population decline, while the urbanization in the foreign countries of the North is actively continuing on the background of the population growth. The analysis of urbanization processes has revealed that the main quantitative characteristics of RussiaТs Far North-East are similar to those of Northern Canada and Alaska. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that the experience of transforming the regional economic systems in these countries should be applied for the further successful development of Magadan Oblast and Chukotka.

ОСНОВНІ ЗАСАДИ МЕТОДИКИ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ МІСТ-ЦЕНТРІВ АГЛОМЕРАЦІЙ (рекомендації на прикладі України)


 
 
 Experience of studying and generalization of materials of research, modeling, normalization and approbation of experimental designing of a number of cities-centers of agglomerations of Ukraine, allowed to develop recommendations for a method of designing of long-term formation and sustainable development. These recommendations include solving the problems of formation and development of the structure of these cities, the step-by-step nature of their decision, the targeted, resource-normative approach of functional planning and forecasting, as well as the methodical scheme of operational organization of the design and implementation process. Setting and solving problems of long-term structure formation and sustainable development of urban complex zones, districts and districts of settlements of urban centers of agglomerations is based on the analysis of urban processes and formation of structure and infrastructure of these multifunctional entities. In solving development problems, the dynamics of changes in the structure and infrastructure of urban complex settlements are analyzed, taking into account agglomeration and regional processes and periodization of sustainable development. The proposed method of consistent and gradual choice of rational direction of sustainable development of metropolitan centers of agglomerations is based on the gradual transition from perspectives of development and long-term forecasting to problems of medium and short-term planning and design. The main purpose of this methodology is to focus on the maximum effect of urban planning, taking into account the long-term sustainable perspective with the disclosure of the mechanisms of its formation and development by finding optimal proposals between the processes of autonomization and integration of the city centers of agglomerations and zones of their impact (agglomeration, region) at each stage long-term sustainable development, taking into account development reserves.
 
 

Avaliação dos impactos ambientais na Lagoa do Araçá, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar, quantificar e qualificar os impactos ambientais antrópicos, decorrente dos processos de urbanização em torno da Lagoa do Aracá, Recife, Pernambuco. Os impactos foram investigados, sendo dividida em três setores (SI, SII e SIII) por meio de checklist, que contém uma lista de indicadores ambientais e antrópicos, esses indicadores com os pesos e efeitos do impacto, fornecendo como resultado um valor negativo da classe de impacto. Além da análise dos processos de urbanização que causaram impactos ambientais, com a avaliação das condições do ecossistema manguezal. A Lagoa do Araçá tem sido submetida a várias ações antropogênicas, que têm provocado alterações degradantes, porém, com efeito pequeno (Setores I: -49 e III: -78) e moderado (Setor II: -106) em sua fisiografia. Consequentemente, a causa de várias intervenções impactantes, com pouco planejamento, provocou modificações impactantes que variaram de pequeno a moderado. Todavia, a ação dos impactos antrópicos induzidos pelo homem, somado aos tensores naturais que atuam sobre o ecossistema manguezal, limitam o desenvolvimento do bosque de mangue. Diante disso, as ações antrópicas, decorrentes da urbanização, avançam sobre o meio natural, exigindo medidas preventivas e emergenciais para a conservação da Lagoa do Araçá.

Research on the Urbanization Process and Dynamic Mechanism in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

One regions urbanization process is regular, and it has direct relationships with the dynamic mechanism s evolution. In this people, the author analyse the dynamic mechanism of urbanization development in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region based on the analysis of urbanization process. The principal dynamic mechanisms of urbanization development are Put forward. There are: the transformation of industrial structure, regulation of policy system and guidance of urban planning.

A theoretical analysis of interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment

Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization.

An Analysis of Urbanization Process and Water-land Resource Sustainable Utilization

Mainly based on theoretical analyses, interactive relationships between urbanization and the water and land resource utilization are discussed in this paper. Some conclusions are as follows: (1) during different stages of urbanization, intensive degree of water and land resource utilization is different on account of the difference of economy aggregation, population growth and resource supply, but the general trend of utilization of water and land resource is from extensive to intensive with the development of urbanization; (2) urban agglomeration economy is the inherent impetus resulting in the intensive utilization of water and resource during the urbanization process. The centralization nature of economic activities makes intensive utilization of land and water resource natural; (3) ladder shaped ecological threshold with terminal is another factor leading to intensive utilization of water and land resource; (4) the idea of moderate consumption and equal allocation,continuous technique progress and better institution system are basic conditions which help to rationally utilize water and land resource. At last, it is pointed out that, combing with national conditions, urbanization is the irrevocable development trend. In order to realize sustainable development, China has to accelerate urbanization. At the same time, it is no less important to set up correct consumption and allocation ideas and promote continuously technique progress and better institution system so as to mitigate conflicts existing between urbanization and the water and land resource supply during the process.

Analysis of Urbanization Processes in three Metropolitan Areas

Analysis of Urbanization Processes in three Metropolitan Areas

The Structure of Mortgage Finance: Building Societies and the British Social Formation

Analysis of urban processes must start by conceptualizing the structure of the society in which these processes are situated. This can usefully be achieved by using the concept of social formation. Attention then focuses on the nature of the relationship between institutions, with pertinent effects on the processes under consideration, and the structure of the social formation. The influence of the institutions within the urban system is then interpreted in terms of this higher-level relationship of institutions to theoretical structure. Here this approach is illustrated by examining the relationship of building societies to the structure of the contemporary British social formation. Study of Newcastle upon Tyne is used to show how this relationship is manifested in the allocation of mortgage finance to property and borrowers of varying characteristics, and in the spatial pattern produced. INVESTMENT in urban infrastructure has been characterized as a flow of capital mediated through a set of governmental and financial institutions.1 Here it is argued that any analysis of urban processes will remain superficial unless we examine the role of such institutions in terms of the deep structure of society. A starting point can be to adopt the concept of 'social formation.'2 This is a theoretical construct conceptualizing particular real societies in terms of economic, political and ideological levels articulated in a specific way to form a complex whole. The structure of a particular social formation implies a particular distribution of class power and of the social product of the formation, and the social formation will tend to maintain this structure and continuously to reproduce itself. This necessitates reproducing the means of production, consumed goods, and the social relations of production (the manner in which society is structured around the production process). Fixed capital formation embodied in urban infrastructure is a major process of urbanization, and is vital to the reproduction of the social formation. One can now view the production of urban infrastructure in terms of a set of interacting economic, political and ideological levels which are made manifest by a specific set of institutional intermediaries which produce a particular pattern of investment in infrastructure. In the case of housing, which is examined in this article, a structured output of housing resources is produced over which households of varying characteristics have varying degrees of command. Problems of housing production and allocation must therefore be seen as surface manifestations of the deep structure of the social formation. Thus in attempting to understand the housing system we must first examine the relationships between institutions which pertinently affect housing and the structure of the social formation and second see how the institutions operate, in the context of the formation, to pattern the production and allocation of housing resources. Studies of the housing system which focus upon the form and function of institutions have been growing in number recently,3 and constitute a major step forward from the welter of purely descriptive models of the outputs of a housing system, and from models which

Quantitative Regularities in the Urbanization of the USSR

Simple arithmetical formulas are proposed for the study and analysis of urbanization processes. The formulas establish functional relationships between the urbanization level at the beginning of a particular study period, the changes in urban and rural population during the period, and the urbanization level at the end of the period. The relative share of administrative centers and of other urban places in a particular major civil division in total urban population is also considered. Different types of urbanization processes are discussed and plotted on a graphic-analytical model (nomogram). Contrary to general assumption, it is found that in the USSR it is not the very large cities (500,000 and over) that are increasingly concentrating urban population, but the next lowest size class (100,000–500,000). Further research into urbanization processes in particular spatial settlement systems is urged.