Analysis Of Tumor Vascularization Research Articles

Analysis of Tumor Vascularization By- Microvessel Density and Cd 34 by Immunohistochemistry- It’s Prognostic Significance in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors

Analysis of Tumor Vascularization By- Microvessel Density and Cd 34 by Immunohistochemistry- It’s Prognostic Significance in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors

Analysis of tumor vascularization in a mouse model of metastatic lung cancer

Therapies targeting tumor vasculature would improve the treatment of lung metastasis, although the early changes in vascular structure are incompletely understood. Here, we show that obstructive metastatic foci in lung arterioles decrease the pulmonary vascular network. To generate a mouse model of lung metastasis activation, luciferase-expressing tumor cells were inoculated into the subiliac lymph node (SiLN) of an MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mouse, and metastatic tumor cells in the lungs were activated by SiLN resection. Activation of metastases was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Pulmonary blood vessel characteristics were analyzed using ex vivo micro-computed tomography. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in neovasculature after tumor cell activation was evaluated from the accumulation of intravenously injected indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. Metastatic foci in lung arterioles were investigated histologically. Micro-computed tomography revealed decreases in pulmonary blood vessel length, volume and number of branching nodes during the early stage of metastasis caused by metastatic foci. ICG liposome accumulation by the EPR effect was not detected. Histology identified metastatic foci in lung arterioles. The lack of an EPR effect after the formation of metastatic foci in lung arterioles makes conventional systemic chemotherapy ineffective for lung metastasis. Thus, alternative therapeutic methods of drug delivery are needed.

Analysis of Tumor Vascularization with Smooth Muscle Actin by Immunohistochemistry—it’s Prognostic Significance in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors

Analysis of Tumor Vascularization with Smooth Muscle Actin by Immunohistochemistry—it’s Prognostic Significance in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors

Study of Renal and Kidney Tumor Vascularization Using Data from Preoperative Three-dimensional Arteriography Prior to Partial Nephrectomy

BackgroundIn a cadaveric model with healthy kidneys, it has recently been highlighted that a single renal segment could be supplied by one or more arterial branches originating from an artery supplying another segment. ObjectiveTo demonstrate occurrences of anatomical variations of renal vascularization and to analyze vascularization of renal tumors. Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective monocentric study included all patients treated for a renal tumor between May 2015 and June 2017 by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy after superselective tumor embolization in a hybrid operating room. InterventionThree-dimensional renal and tumoral arteriography with cone-beam computed tomography scan was performed, coupled with preoperative cross-sectional imaging. This procedure provided an accurate vascular anatomical mapping of the kidney and allowed further analysis of tumor vascularization. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisRelation between anatomical variations of the vascularization and perioperative data was assessed. A χ2 test or Fisher’s test was used for qualitative variables, and a Student t test was used for quantitative variables. Results and limitationsOut of the 60 patients included, only 25 (42%) presented a standard vascular subdivision. In 26 patients (43%), tumors were supplied by more than one branch and in 20 patients (33%), there was a branch supplying the tumor from another segment. In these cases of multiple or multi-segmental tumor vascularization, tumor size, operative duration, and duration of embolization were significantly higher than in the case of standard vascularization. These complex tumors were more often located at the upper pole of the kidney or at the junction of the anterior and posterior vascular territories of the kidney. Limitations of this study include the low number of patients and its monocentricity. ConclusionsThis study confirms that renal vascularization frequently differs from Graves’ reference model and that tumor vascularization can depend on several segmental branches. This vascular complexity explains surgical difficulties and must be taken into consideration when segmental arterial clamping is considered during partial nephrectomy. Patient summaryWe studied renal and tumor vascularization using three-dimensional preoperative arteriography data on tumor kidneys. We have shown that there is great variability in renal vascularization and that tumors can be vascularized branches that originate from an artery leading to another segment. This vascular complexity explains surgical difficulties and must be taken into consideration when segmental arterial clamping is considered during partial nephrectomy.

Differences in the Angiogenesis of Benign and Malignant Surface Epithelial Ovarian Tumors Demonstrated by Microvessel Density and Immunohistochemistry

OBJECTIVES: Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. The analysis of tumor vascularization by microvessel density (MVD) and its prognostic significance has been evaluated in many tumors including ovary. However, very few studies have tried to evaluate the characteristics of these vessels. This study aims to quantitatively assess the characteristics of tumor vessels with the aid of immunohistochemistry and thus, establish its role in difference in biological behavior of benign and malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors. METHODS: We examined 42 cases of surface epithelial ovarian tumors and divided them in two groups (14 malignant and 28 benign tumors). Both study groups were compared for smooth muscle and endothelial cells in tumor vessels using monoclonal antibodies against smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34 (endothelial cell marker) respectively. MVD, SMA expression index and CD34 intensity index was calculated in both groups. RESULTS: The malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors showed higher MVD (34.48±12.87) as compared to benign ovarian tumors (16.49±6.17) (p

Hypoxia and Perfusion Measurements in Human Tumors&Initial Experience with Pimonidazole and IUdR

We describe our preliminary studies on the development of methods to measure hypoxia in standard paraffin sections of human tumors. Three parameters were investigated. First, image analysis of tumor vascularity yielded the parameter diffusion limited fraction (DLF), which is the amount of tumor tissue greater than a fixed distance from the nearest blood vessel. Secondly, the amount of tumor tissue stained with antibodies against bound reduced products of the bioreductive marker pimonidazole was assessed. Finally, the fraction of blood vessels showing no surrounding tumor tissue labeled with IUdR, a cell kinetic marker, was measured. DLF and pimonidazole monitor primarily chronic hypoxia, while it is hypothesized that the IUdR-negative fraction monitors acute hypoxia. Feasibility was demonstrated in a series of 10 esophageal and 10 rectal tumors (no drug administration), 10 cervix tumors (pimonidazole) and 14 head and neck tumors (pimonidazole and IUdR). Significant differences between tumors were found for all parameters. DLF correlated significantly with the pimonidazole fraction when all images of all tumors were included, although mean values per tumor showed no correlation. The IUdR-negative fraction did not correlate with either of the other two parameters. We conclude that it is feasible to measure hypoxia-related, and possibly perfusion-related, parameters on paraffin sections for predictive purposes, although each method needs further validation. Each parameter will be correlated with outcome in a larger study on head and neck tumors treated with surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus: documentation of clinical, immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical data of ten cases

The clinical histories of 10 women suffering from benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) after hysterectomy and information on lung lesions detected in these women are presented, together with corresponding data for 2 women with metastasizing leiomyosarcoma of the uterus for comparison: gross appearance, survival, and light microscopical, immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical findings are reported. All patients with BML had undergone hysterectomy for uterus leiomyomatosus without any detection of sarcomatous lesions in the uterus wall. After a median period of 14.9 years intrapulmonary masses were detected by imaging techniques. On average, six nodules with a mean diameter of 1.8 cm were seen. Resection of the lesions was performed in all cases. The immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical examination of the tumors included analysis of the proliferation-associated protein Ki-67, the p53 protein, estrogen and progesterone receptor, sarcolectin as an indicator of the presence of lymphokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor, antibodies and the labeled protein to assess galectin (galactoside-binding animal lectin)-dependent parameters, analysis of tumor vascularization (CD-34), and expression of bcl-2, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, and keratin. The lesions were characterized by low proliferation activity of 2.9% (measured with Ki-67), frequent hormone receptor expression (8 of the 10 cases presented hormone-specific receptors), low to moderate vascularization compared with metastases from the two uterine sarcomas, remarkable p53 overexpression and frequent expression of the lymphokine, the galectins and accessible binding sites. The median survival of the BML patients was 94 months after excision of the intrapulmonary lesions, and the maximum survival of the two sarcoma patients was 22 months. The results recorded in this patient sample with the methodology applied suggest that benign metastasizing leiomyomas are a slow-growing variant of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, which becomes clinically apparent at a young age and progresses with low velocity.

Ultrasound contrast media. New perspectives in ultrasound diagnosis

Ultrasound contrast agents have recently proven to be clinically useful in many different areas and with many different ultrasound modalities. B-mode contrast echocardiography and delineation of cavities with ultrasound contrast agents are already accepted. Based on the contrast agent Echovist, assessment of tubal patency is possible with hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy). A new generation of transpulmonary, stable ultrasound contrast agents such as Levovist offer potential for various Doppler applications. Ultrasound contrast agents act as signal enhancers in Doppler examinations and therefore help to overcome the limitations of insufficient Doppler signal intensity. Recently, clinical studies have shown [correction of shown.] Doppler examinations to have many clinical benefits. Contrast agents are useful in the assessment of high-grade stenosis or the delineation of small vessels and under difficult conditions. Ultrasound contrast agents also create new applications: analysis of tumor vascularization and delineation of the transcranial venous system are possible with contrast enhancement. Future developments in contrast-specific scanning ("harmonic imaging") and new contrast agents, including organ-specific contrast agents, are expected to make a significant impact in the years to come.

In vivo Analysis of Tumor Vascularization in the Rat

By using transparent chambers in rats, we have directly observed tumor‐induced neovascularization in the early stage and the formation of intricate networks in Yoshida rat ascites hepatoma AH109A and Sato lung carcinoma at high magnification. We counted branching point numbers per unit area in the microvascular network with and without tumors in order to clarify the sites from which new vascular sprouts originate. Branching point number per unit area in normal tissue was 13.6 ± 7.4/0.1 mm2 in the field near a terminal arteriole, and 12.9 ± 7.3/0.1 mm2 in the field distant from a terminal arteriole. There was no significant difference between these two fields in the normal vascular network. On the other hand, in the tumor vascular network, the branching point number in the field near a terminal arteriole was 50.4 ± 12.6/0.1 mm2, and 30.1 ± 11.5/0.1 mm2 in the field distant from a terminal arteriole. The difference is highly significant (P<0.001). The frequency with which new capillaries originated from veins and venules was very low. We concluded from these results that the position from which tumor vessels originated was usually the terminal portion of a terminal arteriole.