Analysis Of Theoretical Knowledge Research Articles

Измерение риска религиозной радикализации молодежи: конструкт и опросник

Introduction. The study of religious radicalisation is an important aspect of counteracting the incitement of hostility between different groups and communities and reducing the level of violence in Russian society. Modern scientific ideas are characterised by multiple meanings that do not effectively counteract the negative impact on young people’s attitudes towards religion and the believers. Academic literature describes concepts and models of radicalisation that differ in theoretical and methodological foundations, based mainly on the material of foreign studies. This situation makes it impossible to develop a construct of radicalisation that could be operationalised for diagnosing the risk of religious radicalisation of Russian youth.
 The purpose of the research is to verify the theoretical model (construct) of religious radicalisation, as well as to develop a questionnaire based on it, which makes it possible to measure the risk of religious radicalisation of young people through the study of attitudes towards religion and believers.
 It is supposed that religious radicalisation is formed under the influence of the social environment on the subject’s perceptions of the importance of religion and believers for society and the state. Based on the analysis of theoretical knowledge about radicalisation, facts and information about the activities of destructive religious and extremist communities, a model of religious radicalisation is proposed, including six statements: about the exclusive importance of religion, religious leaders and believers (sacralisation and clericalisation), the need to protect them from changes, interference of non-believers or representatives of another religion (fundamentalism and xenophobia), to maintain relations only with representatives of a particular religious association, including in matters of education, cultural and social development, ignoring or failing to comply with obligations, laws and regulations (socialisation and discrimination).
 Methodology, methods and techniques. The methodological basis of the research is the socio-psychological approach in the study of human cognition of society (G.M. Andreeva), empirical concepts of religious radicalisation of individuals and groups (A.W. Kruglanski, N. Ellemers, A. R. Schmidt, etc.).
 The empirical research is aimed at testing the theoretical model of religious radicalisation; development and verification of a questionnaire to study the risk of religious radicalisation.
 The method of data collection is the questionnaire «Religious radicalisation», structurally corresponding to the theoretical model of radicalisation, including 90 questions grouped into six scales, as well as indicators of religious self-determination and religious behavior.
 Results processing method: descriptive statistics, correlation, one-factor analysis of variance and confirmatory analysis.
 Research sample: 874 people divided into Russian (n=336 people), Kyrgyz (268 people) and Uzbek (n=270 people) sub-samples of young people.
 Results: by means of confirmatory factor analysis of the results of the survey of national samples, the theoretical model of youth radicalisation was corrected. A three-factor empirical model was found to have the best structural characteristics for the Russian sample (χ2=216.5, df=87, p<0.0001, RMSEA=0.067, p=0.008 (RMSEA CI 90% = 0.056-0.078), CFI=0.949, TLI=0.95). The model consists of three scales from the theoretical model (‘Clericalisation’, ‘Discrimination’, ‘Xenophobia’) but includes statements from other scales from the theoretical model (‘Sacralisation’, ‘Fundamentalism’, ‘Socialisation’).
 The second result was the verification of a questionnaire to study the risk of religious radicalisation among Russian youth. The questionnaire consists of 15 statements, grouped into three scales, has satisfactory reliability values according to the internal consistency criterion and intercorrelations (Cronbach’s α «Clericalisation» = 0.89, r=0.63, p<0.001; «Discrimination» = 0.76, r=0.38, p<0.001; Xenophobia = 0.81, r=0.46, p<0.001).
 Scientific novelty. The received results expand the idea of socio-psychological preconditions of religious radicalisation, demonstrate a set of beliefs that can stimulate intolerant attitude of young people to religion and believers.
 Practical significance. The presented methodology can be used for research purposes to study the preconditions of religious radicalisation of young people.

Design and Research of a Government Affairs Office Platform

Recent advancements in Digital Communication Systems and Web Technology tendered information systems cheaper and allow people to move into the electronic Government (eGov) platforms. eGov is the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), whereas good governance refers to how well public authorities manage public and social resources. eGov supports excellent governance practices, yet it also has certain limitations. In this article, we enhance the study of Jiyuan City’s Internet-based e-government system based on an analysis of theoretical knowledge and application state. First, we gathered all government affairs platform websites; then, we built the supervision system function code in accordance with the supervision system activity diagram. Finally, the office platform's system deployment was completed, and the government office platform’s analysis environment was provided, and it was validated via experiments. The experimental results show that when there are 300 government affairs tasks to be handled, the data recall rate of the design platform’s government affairs website is 95%, and the design platform’s government affairs processing time is 15 minutes. The proposed government affairs platform has a high processing efficiency and data-carrying capacity.

A study of the effectiveness to use electronic educational resources with web analytics tools (on the example of a departmental University of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia)

Purpose of research. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the use of electronic educational resources and their demand for students. The availability of digital technologies and readiness of students and lecturers to study in the electronic educational environment ensure the active development of this form of educational process organization. To assess the effectiveness and demand for electronic educational resources, data on the parameters of operation and user interaction with educational material are required.Materials and methods. To obtain data on the operating parameters and users’ work in the electronic educational environment, it is proposed to use a multi-level automated system for training, monitoring and analysis of theoretical knowledge – the Fire Test program, which is designed to organize and implement training in higher education programs of the specialty 20.05.01 – Fire Protection, 40.05.03 – Forensic Examination, the direction of training 20.03.01 – Technosphere Safety and the educational program of secondary vocational education 20.02.04 – Fire Protection. The Fire Test program is available on the Internet and allows you to conduct independent testing on specialties, disciplines, subjects of disciplines, as well as to carry out self-monitoring and knowledge control by lecturers online. As a tool for evaluating the effectiveness and relevance of the Fire Test program, it is proposed to use the web analytics service – Yandex.Metrica. To monitor the Fire Test program, we have selected key parameters that characterize the number of users and their activity in the electronic educational environment, which include demographic parameters, parameters of activity and loyalty of trainees, and technology parameters.Results. Based on the results of monitoring demographic parameters, which included the age of the audience during the study period of 1 month, the Fire Test program received an average of 27 visits from lecturers and 15 visits from trainees. Visitors from the number of students were 87%, from the number of Faculty Members – 13%. Monitoring user activity by time spent in the Fire Test program showed that students spent an average of 8 minutes 57 seconds on the site, and lecturers – 10 minutes 32 seconds. The largest number of visits of trainees was made during classes from 8-00 to 14-00 (55%), during the period outside of training sessions and self-training from 17-00 to 22-00 (23%), there was a uniform appeal of trainees to the Fire Test program. According to the monitoring of the loyalty parameter, during the study period, 12% of users accessed the site only 1 time, the largest number of users (48%) worked in the Fire Test program from 16 to 127 times, and more than 128 times 13% of users accessed the site. Monitoring of the technology parameter showed that smartphones are used as the main device for working in the Fire Test program, the share of which is 88.2%. The main operating systems used on smartphones are iOS (51%) and Google Android (37%), while the most popular browsers are Mobile Safari (44%).Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to conclude about the effectiveness and relevance of the electronic educational environment implemented by the Fire Test program among the trainees of Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, as evidenced by their loyalty and activity in remote operation with the educational material.

Improving the quality of theoretical training of cadets with the help of information and communication technologies

Purpose of research. The aim of the study is to assess the relevance and effectiveness of the multi-level modular automated system of training, control and analysis of theoretical knowledge, developed and implemented in the educational process of the Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, implemented in the form of a computer program Fire Test. The urgency and necessity of developing a computer program due to the peculiarities of educational process in institutions of the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, associated with the separation of cadets from the training sessions to carry out preventive measures and emergence rescue operations in response to fires and emergencies, the need to replenish the educational material and increase the intensity of theoretical training. Freely available computer programs, designed for theoretical training and control, often have limitedfunctionality, and programs with more functionality do not allow organizing training in accordance with the security requirements for personal and service data, established in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Materials and methods . To study the effectiveness of the computer program Fire Test in the educational process, the methods of scientific and pedagogical research were used, the main of which were observation and pedagogical experiment. Methods of synthesis and analysis of information processes, methods of statistical analysis were used to summarize the experimental data. For estimating the demand among cadets and Faculty of the Fire Test computer program diagnostic tools were used, available in the program, as well as the service “Yandex.Metrics. Results. To assess the effectiveness of the program Fire Test the research was carried out on the level of theoretical knowledge of cadets of experimental groups, studying within the context-integration model and undergoing theoretical training through a multi-level modular automated system for teaching, monitoring and analyzing theoretical knowledge and cadets of control groups, studying in the traditional form. On the basis of the obtained test data, it is concluded that the introduction of the Fire Test program into the educational process has a statistically significant impact on the process of theoretical training and contributes to improving the level of theoretical training of cadets. The results are confirmed by a statistical criterion based on the student’s distribution, with a possible relative error of not more than 5%. The demand of the Fire Test program among the Faculty is confirmed by the dynamics of its application for the organization of testing and control of theoretical training. In the 2018-2019 academic year, the number of tests, created for checking the theoretical knowledge of cadets in the Fire Test program increased 3.3 times compared to the 2017-2018 academic year. Cadets for theoretical training most often use mobile devices that allow regardless of time and location to have access to theoretical material for its study and self-control. Conclusion. The results of the application of Fire Test programs in the educational process have shown its demand among students and Faculty, which is confirmed by the diagnostic monitoring tools of the “Yandex.Metrics and service itself. The Fire Test program is an effective tool for theoretical training and control and contributes to improving the level of theoretical knowledge of cadets, which is confirmed by experimental studies conducted in the period from 2017-2018 to 2018-2019 academic year.

Selection and Spatial Layout of Urban Sports Facilities Guided by Residents' Demand

In order to explore the theory of the spatial layout of urban sports facilities, starting with the analysis of theoretical knowledge, the current situation of public sports facilities in the central urban area of Jinan is analyzed, the various factors affecting the planning layout are discussed, and the strategies and methods of the layout planning of public sports facilities in Jinan are summarized. The results show that the layout planning of public sports facilities should follow the corresponding patterns and principles. The layout of public sports facilities at all levels should fully consider the factors of urban public transport, urban management system, urban public functions, and reasonable service radius of public sports facilities. It can be seen that excessive pursuit of efficiency will lead to excessive service radius and poor accessibility of urban public sports facilities; excessive pursuit of fairness will result in a small and scattered layout pattern, which easily leads to idle waste.

EXPERT EVALUATION OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCE IN LABOUR AND CIVIL PROTECTION STUDIES

Labour protection specialists need to improve and develop their competence in order to ensure a safe, healthy and sustainable working environment in the relevant economic sector. Competence and its components, as well as the criteria and parameters are very important factors in the formation and development of competence in adult education. The aim of the study was to carry out expert evaluation of the developed competence components’ model in labour and civil protection as well as the criteria and parameters, basing on the analysis of theoretical knowledge. The methodological basis included studies, analyses and evaluation of the relevant publications in the context of the competence - components of competence their criteria and carrying out an expert evaluation of the component model, its parameters and criteria. The expert evaluation found that it is necessary to replace the communication component in the model of competence components with the component of intelligibility. The evaluation of intuition, skills, attitude and professional ethics are those were in most cases consensus was reached, thus being unanimously evaluated. Unanimous were also the evaluations of knowledge, creativity, emotional intelligence and reflection. A relatively low level of consensus was reached in the evaluation of communication. Attitude as a component of competence was unanimously ranked first in terms of significance.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ КАПІТАЛОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

На підставі узагальнення і критичного аналізу теоретичних знань з управління капіталом підприємницьких структур і результативності цього процесу обґрунтовано концептуальні положення оцінювання результативності управління капіталом підприємства. Наведена авторська точка зору щодо трактування капіталу підприємства, системи і процесу управління ним, суті та змістовності поняття «результативність управління капіталом підприємства», моделювання процесу оцінювання результативності управлінських дій. Визначено принципи, що забезпечують підвищення об’єктивності результатів оцінювання та їхню практичну значущість для своєчасного коригування управлінських дій щодо капіталу підприємства.

Impact of Temperature on Cooling Structural Variation of Forging Dies

Abstract The article is focused on the issue of die forging in the automotive industry. The cooling effect of temperature on the structure of forged die are under review. In the article, there is elaborated the analysis of theoretical knowledge in the field, focusing on die forging and experimentally proven effect of the cooling rate on the final structure of forged dies made of hypoeutectic carbon steel C56E2.

Logicism and ramsification

ion principles of the logical form of Hume’s Principle. The identity criteria for geometrical objects described by theories of physical space are ‘‘empirically constrained’’ in the sense that the equivalence relations in the definiens of such principles are ‘‘established experimentally’’ (39). In contrast, the central identity principle for numbers guiding the application of arithmetic is Hume’s principle. This is, as was already shown in the previous chapter, fully general and thus not constrained by empirical facts. Ramsification and scientific structuralism The second thematic focus of the book concerns contributions to the logical analysis of theoretical knowledge in work by Russell, Ramsey, and Carnap. Chapters 4–7 develop a critical discussion of the Ramsey-sentence reconstruction of theories and its structuralist underpinnings. In addition, several points of contact with the semantic conception of theories, Putnam’s model-theoretical arguments against metaphysical realism, and van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism are addressed here. Chapter 4 covers much of the ground discussed in the subsequent chapters of the book and will therefore be the focus of the present review. The chapter begins with a critical evaluation of a recent ‘‘observation’’ made by Michael Friedman regarding Carnap’s ‘‘neutralism’’ in the debate on the nature of theoretical entities. Friedman’s point—as Demopoulos presents it—is based on a comparison between van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism and Carnap’s Ramsey-sentence reconstruction of theories. A ‘‘central tenet’’ of constructive empiricism is the distinction between the truth of a theory and its empirical adequacy. As Demopoulos shows, this distinction can be trivialized, however, by a simple model-theoretical argument. Very roughly, it can be shown that an empirically adequate theory is always also true if its observational models are of the right size. Friedman’s observation is that Carnap’s own position is not affected by this trivialization argument and thus turns out to be philosophically preferable to van Fraassen’s account. Carnap’s neutralism is the view that questions concerning the ontological status of theoretical entities should really be understood as questions about the choice of linguistic frameworks. Thus, the traditional realism–instrumentalism controversy should be deflated to the dispute over whether one should adopt a language with or without theoretical terms. As a consequence, Carnap’s use of the Ramsey sentence seems to escape the above trivialization argument, simply because the distinction between truth and empirical adequacy is irrelevant in his neutralist account. Demopoulos’ main point in the paper is to present a second model-theoretical argument directed against Carnap’s alleged neutralism. The result is based on a simple mathematical toy example, namely an arithmetical theory T with one ‘‘observational’’ and one ‘‘theoretical’’ predicate. The specific theory has two important properties: First, all of its observational consequences are true in the standard or intended numerical model. Second, T itself as well as its Ramsey sentence R(T) is not true in any expansion of this intended model but only in 258 Metascience (2014) 23:255–261

Analysis of theoretical knowledge and the practice of science among brazilian otorhinolaryngologists

Physicians from all medical specialties are required to understand the principles of science and to interpret medical literature. Yet, the levels of theoretical and practical knowledge held by Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists has not been evaluated to date. ObjectiveTo assess the background and level of scientific knowledge of Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists. MethodParticipants of two national ENT meetings were invited to answer a questionnaire to assess scientific practice and knowledge. Results and ConclusionThis study included 73 medical doctors (52% otorhinolaryngologists and 38% residents) aged between 18 and 65 years. About two-thirds have been involved in some form of scientific activity during undergraduate education and/or reported to have written at least one scientific paper. Physicians who took part in research projects felt better prepared to interpret scientific papers and carry out research projects (p = 0.0103 and p = 0.0240, respectively). Respondents who claimed to have participated in research or to have written papers had higher scores on theoretical scientific concepts (p = 0.0101 and p = 0.0103, respectively). However, the overall rate of right answers on questions regarding scientific knowledge was 46.1%. Therefore, a deficiency was observed in the scientific education of Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists. Such deficiency may be mitigated through participation in research.

Between Termini: Heidegger, Cassirer, and the Two Terms of Transcendental Method

The debate between Heidegger and Cassirer at Davos, though relatively short, turns out to be wide-ranging one. As the debate progresses it seems less and less clear that there is a common language between the two disputants, making it hard to identify the exact point of contention between them. Nevertheless, I think there is on both sides, though perhaps more on Cassirer's, an attempt to find some common ground, if only to make the differences between them clearer. In the course of the debate Heidegger takes up a distinction Cassirer introduces early on between the terminus a quo and the terminus ad quern of their respective philosophical positions. In what follows, I want to explore this notion of the two termini as a guide to thinking about the criticisms raised by each side in the debate. But as well I will argue that it leads us to see a certain commonality in their conception of the task of a transcendental philosophy, one that gives weight to the multiplicity and autonomy of factical forms of life and objective spirit, even at the price of a certain systematicity. First, a clarification of the terms. In the first place the notion of two termini is used by Cassirer to designate the two ends of the process of constitution, the constituted as the endpoint of the process, and the constituting subject as its point of origin. But the figure of the two termini also doubles for him as a way of characterizing the distinctively neo-Kantian conception of transcendental research as a reconstruction of this process of constitution. Transcendental research is a Copernican turn by which we turn back from the constituted to its conditions of possibility in the constituting subject, thus a return from the terminus ad quern to the terminus a quo. Early in the third volume of the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms we find Cassirer using this distinction to characterize Natorp's psychology. Describing the problem that the object of psychology is no ordinary object, that "We can never lay bare the immediate life and being of consciousness as such,"1 Cassirer characterizes Natorp's approach to study of consciousness as one that explores the "unhalting process of objectivization in a twofold direction: from terminus a quo to terminus ad quern and back again." "In Natorp's opinion," Cassirer continues, "it is only by a continuous back and forth, by this twofold direction of method that the object of psychology can be made visible as such. It comes to light only when a new reconstructive effort is opposed to the constructive effort of mathematics and natural science, and of ethics and aesthetics as well."2 For Cassirer, then, the two termini signify the key neo-Kantian methodological stricture that consciousness can only be reconstructed as the formal transcendental conditions of the constituted objective world, and cannot be directly studied through any form of intuitive self-consciousness. But note also the emphasis on the idea of transcendental philosophy as an ongoing back and forth between the two termini, rather than a one-way ticket from constituted to constituting. This implies that a turn back to the factical, to the realm of the constituted in it's factical and historical multiplicity, provides a critical check on the success of the initial transcendental turn from the constituted to the constituting. At the Davos debate, Cassirer uses the contrast between the two termini in a similar fashion to characterize the contested place of the schematism in Kant's thought. Agreeing with Heidegger on the importance of the schematism to Kant's analysis of theoretical knowledge, he points out that Kant nevertheless forbids the schematism in the ethical sphere, saying, "For Kant, the Schematism is . . . the terminus a quo, but not the terminus ad quern."3 Cassirer's criticism, then, is that Heidegger has overlooked the terminus ad quern of Kant's philosophy: the sphere of the infinite, the sphere of an objectivity that one finds in Kant's understanding of the theoretical, the ethical, and the aesthetic. …