Analysis Of Solar Water Heater Research Articles

Analysis of Solar Water Heater with Modification Absorber Plate Integrated Thermal Storage

In various countries worldwide, solar water heater systems (SWHs) are utilized as devices that harness solar energy as a primary energy source. This study investigates the performance of SWHs numerical simulation by integrating phase change material (PCM) paraffin wax onto an absorber plate collector at the bottom for thermal storage. This study presents the thermal performance of a SWHs that uses an absorber plate with PCM for thermal energy storage. In this test, four variations of the model tested, namely a) standard flat plate (SFP), b) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 10mm (SFP+PCM 10mm), c) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 7mm (SFP+PCM 7mm), and d) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 4mm (SFP+PCM 4mm), were investigated using numerical simulation. Initially, an analytical investigation was conducted to examine the material qualities of paraffin wax utilised for phase change material (PCM) storage. The SWH systems were subsequently imported and simulated under three different levels of continuous solar radiation: 400 W/m2 700 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2. The simulation incorporates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The results of the study revealed that the collector of the SWH system, which utilised an absorber plate containing phase change material (PCM) storage, demonstrated exceptional performance. Models with a thickness of 7mm PCM or SFP+PCM 7mm have the highest efficiency compared to other models with an efficiency value of 64%. There is a 3-4% increase in efficiency with variations in models that use PCM thermal storage compared to models that do not use PCM thermal storage.

Thermal and chemical reliability of paraffin wax and its impact on thermal performance and economic analysis of solar water heater

In the current investigation, two hot water storage tank integrated evacuated tube collector systems have been designed and fabricated. In one of the systems, an evacuated tube integrated with PCM (phase change material) is termed a testing system while another evacuated tube system was left without PCM termed a reference system. Based on the experimental results, it has been found that the incorporation of paraffin wax in the testing system improved the thermal energy output. Also, the thermal cycling of selected PCM has undergone up to 1500 cycles and results showed very negligible changes in its chemical and thermal properties. The useful energy output of the system with PCM has been improved by 36.81 %, 26.97 %, and 22.72 % for Run_40oC, Run_45oC, and Run_50oC respectively. In addition to this, extra hot water obtained from the testing system was 14 L for Run_40oC, 5 L for Run_45oC, and 6 L for Run_50oC respectively as compared to the reference system. Concerning techno-economic analysis, on average, the value of per litre cost of production of hot water (CPL) by the proposed system and electric water heater was observed to be INR 0.16 and INR 0.48 respectively. The net present value of the proposed system was found to be approximately INR 11598 and total expenditure on the proposed system can be recovered after 4.07 years which is much shorter compared to the life of the proposed system.The present work removes the overheating issue of heat pipes and improves the performance of the system by modifying in design and utilization of paraffin wax as heat storage material.

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater with Various Working Fluids

Optimized design of a solar water heater for effective heat transfer and the performance analysis was carried out in the present study. An experimental and theoretical performance of the system with an integrated heat pipe is evaluated for the same. The system uses a heat pipe with a wick to transmit heat from evaporator to the tank. The thermal behaviour of different parts of the system is analyzed. A sequence of tests are done on the heat pipe solar water heating system and thermosyphon water heating system to stimulate better configuration. The thermal efficiency of the system is optimized for maximum heat transfer using analytical techniques. Results show good thermal performance characteristics. Computation of various design parameters of heat pipe system related to the collection and consumption of solar energy are also conducted. Further, the exergy analysis and comparison of performance analysis of solar heat pipe collector with flat plate collector is also done.

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater Using Al2O3 NanoParticle with Plain-Dimple Tube Design

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater Using Al2O3 NanoParticle with Plain-Dimple Tube Design

Withdrawal Notice: Experimental Investigation and Economic Analysis of Solar Water Heater Fitted with Hindrance Promoter

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Recent Patents on Engineering; due to incoherent content. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php Bentham Science Disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

Exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of domestic scale solar water heater by the effect of solar collector area

The increased usage and demand for non-renewable resources cause several environmental pollutions. Solar energy is well-renowned renewable energy, which is clean and can provide a long-term sustainable solution for the wicked problem. The solar water heater is the most popular solar energy utilization technique because of its simpler technology and economic feasibility. This article presents the exergey analysis of solar water heaters. Exergy is the maximum useful energy that is available in a system. Exergy analysis focuses on the quality of the energy instead of the quantity of the energy. The three-procedure theory demonstrates the exergy flow within a solar water heater. The three procedures include conversion, utilization, and recycling procedure. In this research, the exergy efficiency of the solar water heater has been evaluated. The effect of different solar collector area on the exergy efficiency was also identified. Other than exergy analysis, this research further analysed the exergoeconmics of solar water heaters. Exergoeconomic analysis is a technique that utilizes exergy analysis to determine the cost of the output product. Exergoeconomic analysis supports identifying the cost rate of exergy destruction. It was found that the exergy efficiency of the solar water heater is very low (2–3%). The results showed that the increase in solar collecting area would decrease the solar water heater’s exergy efficiency. Moreover, it was found that the cost rate of exergy destruction is greater when larger solar collector areas are used.

Performance analysis of solar water heater by using TiO2 nanofluids

Abstract In the industrial sectors, heat must be transferred either to insert energy into the system or to remove the energy produced in the system. In this research work, the investigations on convection heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of water and TiO2 nanofluids. TiO2 nanofluid of 0.3% volume concentration is used for experimentation. Copper rod of 3 mm diameter is used to prepare the riser tube of 2 m length. The maximum efficiency attained from the TiO2 nanofluids plane tube collector is 58%.

Performance analysis of solar water heater with flattened tube spiral absorber using forced circulation

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to experimentally investigate the performance of a solar water heater consisting of a flattened tube absorber with spiral configuration. The analysis is carried out by using water as the working fluid adopting forced circulation for various flow rates of 0.05 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s, 0.15 kg/s, 0.2 kg/s and 0.3 kg/s. The effect of mass flow rate on the flatness of the tube and spiral configuration of the absorber is investigated. The instantaneous efficiency, outlet fluid temperature, Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and Dean number are investigated. The results presented indicate higher instantaneous efficiency of a flattened tube absorber and a highest outlet temperature was obtained for a mass flow rate of 0.1 kg/s. The removed energy parameter FRUL increases by 3.5% and the absorbed energy parameter FR( ) increases by 2% for every increase in a flow rate of 0.05 kg/s. The values of the Nusselt number, friction factor and dean number obtained experimentally were compared with numerical correlation and the deviation was found to be within limits. The Dean number was calculated for different curvature ratio of , and increase dean number with the increase in curvature ratio was found resulting in an increased Nusselt number better heat transfer was obtained.

Experimental Analysis of Solar Water Heater Using Porous Medium with Agitator

Abstract The objective of the work is to improve the thermal efficiency of the system by energy conversion processes from the solar collector to the working fluid. The experiment consists of solar collector with porous medium such as pebble stones as packed with the agitator. The collector having the riser tube, the basic purpose of agitator in the riser tube is to improve the heat transfer rate in the system. Here the pebble stones are used to absorb the heat energy and stored in the materials, then it will be gradually transmitted to the working fluids for long duration. The experiment has conducted with porous medium and without the porous medium. The temperature have noted for certain period of time interval and also noted the solar radiation. With respect to these available data and designed value of collector capacity, heat absorption and efficiency have been calculated. In which both factor is being considered and placing of agitator with pebble stones can increase convective heat transfer and reduce thermal loss thereby efficiency is increased gradually.

Thermal efficiency and cost analysis of solar water heater made in Rwanda

Solar water heating is a technology of capturing the energy from the sun's radiation for the purpose of raising the temperature of water from water supply temperature to the desired higher temperature depending on the use. There are many views and discussions on the questions of thermal efficiency of solar water heaters and their associated cost, especially different customers/users want to replace their existing conventional water heating energy by solar water heating systems. In this present paper, a deep investigation has been accomplished to determine thermal efficiency and cost analysis of solar water heater made in Rwanda. During manufacturing of solar water heater, the collector was the main part to emphasize on. The high efficiency of the system was achieved by replacing galvanized iron sheet by aluminum sheet slotted and black painted as an absorber plate. The ambient temperature and average solar radiation of the three sites where solar water heaters are installed were investigated. The used materials, specifications and sizing were discussed in this paper.

Experimental analysis of solar water heater with compound parabolic concentrator

Experimental analysis of solar water heater with compound parabolic concentrator

Residential solar water heaters in Brisbane, Australia: Key performance parameters and indicators

A multi-parametric sensitivity analysis of Solar Water Heater (SWH) systems was undertaken for the city of Brisbane in Australia using computational models calibrated by experimental data. The models were calculated using EnergyPlus 8.6. The following technical specification parameters were assessed in the modelling: (i) solar collector efficiency; (ii) solar collector area; (iii) tank volume; (iv) tank heat loss; (v) electric back-up heating power rate; (vi) electric back-up heating position (height) for vertical tanks; and (vii) electric back-up heating temperature range. The site-specific parameters included: (i) solar collector direction; (ii) solar collector tilt angle; (iii) solar collector shadowing; (iv) solar collector dust accumulation; (v) hot water pipe insulation; (vi) hot water pipe length; (vii) electricity tariff time-of-use; and (viii) cold water temperature. User behaviour patterns were comprised of the following parameters: (i) end-use water temperature; (ii) end-use water demand; and (iii) end-use time-of-use. For all parameters, two system types were assessed, namely: (i) thermosiphon systems with natural (passive) circulation in collectors and unstratified horizontal hot water storage tanks; and (ii) split systems with forced (pumped) circulation in collectors and stratified vertical hot water storage tanks. The performance of SWHs was analysed considering both energy performance indicators (i.e. total and peak-hour energy consumption, solar fraction and energy intensity) and level of service indicators (i.e. compliance with recommended hot water temperatures for Legionella spp. control and comfort levels). Notwithstanding the prevalence of thermosiphon systems among SWH technologies, results indicate that split systems usually outperformed thermosiphon systems both in terms of energy efficiency and level of service, and hence should be a preferred option for energy efficiency initiatives and policies.

Analysis of solar water heater with parabolic dish concentrator and conical absorber

This research focuses on developing novel technique for a solar water heating system. The novel solar system comprises a parabolic dish concentrator, conical absorber and water heater. In this system, the conical absorber tube directly absorbs solar radiation from the sun and the parabolic dish concentrator reflects the solar radiations towards the conical absorber tube from all directions, therefore both radiations would significantly improve the thermal collector efficiency. The working fluid water is stored at the bottom of the absorber tubes. The absorber tubes get heated and increases the temperature of the working fluid inside of the absorber tube and causes the working fluid to partially evaporate. The partially vaporized working fluid moves in the upward direction due to buoyancy effect and enters the heat exchanger. When fresh water passes through the heat exchanger, temperature of the vapour decreases through heat exchange. This leads to condensation of the vapour and forms liquid phase. The working fluid returns to the bottom of the collector absorber tube by gravity. Hence, this will continue as a cyclic process inside the system. The proposed investigation shows an improvement of collector efficiency, enhanced heat transfer and a quality water heating system.

“Experimental Analysis of Solar Water Heater, with Heat Exchanger”

“Experimental Analysis of Solar Water Heater, with Heat Exchanger”

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater at Possible Flow Rates with and Without Phase Change Material

To store excess solar energy from the sun, in this project we pro-vide phase change materials (PCM) at the bottom of the absorber plate.Experiments were conducted in the cascaded solar water heater withand without phase change materials at different flow rates. During thesun-shine hours, the phase change material (PCM) absorbs latent heatof solar energy and stores the same energy up to its melting point. Simi-larly during off-sunshine hours, the phase change material releases theenergy, which is used to heat the water. The set up can result a higherefficiency of the solar collector system. In this work, the paraffin waxhas been selected as a phase change material due to its low cost, easilyavailability and considerable thermo-physical properties. The PCM unitstores the heat during the sun-shine hours and supplies hot water dur -ing the night and overcast periods. An attempt was made to producehot water even after sun-shine hours every day. The performance of thisPCM based thermal energy storage system is compared with conven -tional latent heat storage system and the conclusions drawn from themare presented. The conventional solar water heater gives better efficiencyduring day time because of the energy absorbed by phase change mate-rial. Thus a solar water heater integrated with phase change materialunit gives little better efficiency during off sun-shine hours due to thepresence of thermal energy storage system.

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater at Possible Flow Rates with and Without Phase Change Material

ABSTRACTTo store excess solar energy from the sun, in this project we provide phase change materials (PCM) at the bottom of the absorber plate. Experiments were conducted in the cascaded solar water heater with and without phase change materials at different flow rates. During the sun-shine hours, the phase change material (PCM) absorbs latent heat of solar energy and stores the same energy up to its melting point. Similarly during off-sunshine hours, the phase change material releases the energy, which is used to heat the water. The set up can result a higher efficiency of the solar collector system. In this work, the paraffin wax has been selected as a phase change material due to its low cost, easily availability and considerable thermo-physical properties. The PCM unit stores the heat during the sun-shine hours and supplies hot water during the night and overcast periods. An attempt was made to produce hot water even after sun-shine hours every day. The performance of this PCM based thermal energy sto...

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater in Multipurpose Solar Heating System

Of all the renewable sources of energy available, solar thermal energy is the most abundant one and is available in both direct as well as indirect forms. In order to increase the thermal performance of solar collectors, the multipurpose solar collectors were investigated experimentally by the storage tank of the conventional solar water collector is modified as riser tubes and header. It is fitted in the bottom of the solar air heater as an absorber in the normal air heater. The thermal performance of thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater was investigated on both summer and winter seasons. The maximum daily average of 72.05%, 0.0316 kg/sm2 and 0.873 m/s were recorded for the relative humidity, mass flow rate and wind speed at summer season respectively. Corresponding figure at for winter was 19.5 % 0.0295 kg/sm2 and 0.722 m/s respectively. A minimum daily average of 11.23% and 0.384 m/s for the relative humidity and wind speed respectively. These results show that the mass flow rate obtained was a function of solar radiation and relative humidity. The less humid the ambient air becomes, the higher the heat gained by the system hence higher water flow rate. The maximum value of relative humidity obtained is due to low solar radiation on winter season. The heat removal factor (FR) and collector efficiency factor (Fo) were found to be higher for Multipurpose solar water heater as compared to conventional solar water heaters for summer as well as winter season. These factors for Multipurpose solar water heater were more during summer and winter.

Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater in NEH Region of India.

In the present study, a natural circulation closed thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater has been tested at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Post Harvest Technology, Central Agricultural University, Ranipool, (27oN, 88oE), Gangtok, Sikkim, India. Data were collected for several sunny and cloudy days. Dynamic response of the system to variations in solar insolation was studied and analyzed. Maximum water temperature obtained was the 75oC while the maximum ambient temperature was 21oC. The performance of the system can be improved by using working fluid as glycol. Glycol as working fluid can be considered for substituting water in the flat plate collector in view of the fact that the fluid has low boiling point coupled with high latent heat.

Performance analysis of solar water heater combined with heat pump using refrigerant mixture

In the research presented in this paper the thermal performance of a solar water heater combined with a heat pump is studied. A solar collector was modified from corrugated metal roofing with a copper tube attached beneath. The performance of the solar water heater was tested, and models for the collector efficiency and storage tank were developed and used for the evaluation of their performance when combined with a heat pump system. The performance of the combined solar water heater and heat pump was investigated using a simulation program. In this analysis, a model for a heat pump using the refrigerant mixture R22/R124/R152a was selected. From the simulation program, the results show that the highest performance occurred at a mass fraction of R22 = 20%, R124 = 57% and R152a = 23%, a compressor speed of 20 rps, and mass flow rate of refrigerant at 0.01 kg/s. The coefficient of performance (COP) of this system is between 2.5 and 5.0. Moreover, economic analysis shows that the suitable mass of hot water in the storage tank is 400 kg and that the payback period for this system is 2.3 years.