Analysis Of Soft Tissue Tumors Research Articles

A Survey on Efficient Analysis of Soft Tissues Tumors using Machine Learning

Soft tissue tumors (STT) represent a significant medical challenge, requiring accurate and efficient analysis for timely diagnosis and treatment. This survey explores the application of machine learning techniques in the analysis of soft tissue tumors, focusing on enhancing efficiency in detection and classification. The review encompasses various approaches, including traditional image processing methods and the more recent advancements in machine learning. One of the key contributions of this survey is the proposal of a method employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the analysis of soft tissue tumors. CNNs have demonstrated remarkable success in image-related tasks, making them particularly suitable for medical image analysis. The research particularly aims in distinguishing Melanoma from normal skin tissue. To enhance the efficiency of research on the analysis of soft tissue tumors, the proposed study provides a comprehensive review of relevant literature, focusing on the application of machine learning in the identification of soft tissue tumors. This review includes an evaluation of the merits and demerits of each system. Furthermore, the study introduces a suggested model capable of providing accurate classification for soft tissue tumors.

DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE OF BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA—A CASE REPORT

In many cases, the microscopic analysis of soft tissue tumors is complex. The final accurate diagnosis usually involves morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics that should be coupled with clinical findings. A 77-year-old female patient presented with an asymptomatic purplish sessile nodule in the hard palate. Serologic examination results showed normal limits. Tomographic image disclosed a well-circumscribed exophytic mass associated with discrete bone reabsorption of floor of the nasal fossa. Histopathologic examination revealed histiocytoid and spindle cell proliferation with multiple pericytomalike vessels in a fibrous connective tissue. An immunohistochemical panel showed a positive stain for CD10, vimentin, CD163, CD68; a negative result for creatine kinase, M type (CKM), CD31, CD 34, p63, S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), desmin, and proliferative index (Ki-67) of 10%. A final diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma was concluded. The healing process was uneventful and no recurrence was observed during 14 months of follow-up.

Update on selected advances in the immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis of soft tissue tumors.

Although traditional morphological evaluation remains the cornerstone for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, ancillary diagnostic modalities such as immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic analysis are of ever-increasing importance in this field. New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of soft tissue tumors, often obtained from high-throughput sequencing technologies, has enabled significant progress in the characterization and biologic stratification of mesenchymal neoplasms, expanding the spectrum of immunohistochemical tests (often aimed towards recently discovered genetic events) and molecular genetic assays (most often fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). This review discusses selected novel molecular and immunohistochemical assays with diagnostic applicability in mesenchymal neoplasms, with emphasis on diagnosis, refinement of tumor classification, and treatment stratification.

Epidemiological and histopathological analysis of soft tissue tumors of the hand - 9 years of experience from a single center

Objectives: The spectrum of soft tissue tumors of the hand is wide. The type of tumor can vary based on demographic factors, such as a patient’s gender and age. Furthermore, certain tumors arise more commonly in particular locations on the hand. This study aimed to determine the incidence and recurrence rates of soft tissue tumors of the hand and to discuss the most common types of tumors based on tumoral parameters, demographic data, and histopathological findings with a brief review of the literature. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data and the pathology reports of all patients who underwent surgery in our hand and microsurgery department between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2016. We evaluated the demographic data, surgical information, tumor type, size and location, histopathological diagnoses and immunohistochemical findings. We also determined the recurrence rates of the patients after a 2-year follow up. Results: In our center, 302 surgical resections were performed between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2016. Ganglion, which is a pseudotumoral lesion, was the most common space occupying lesion (n=102, 34%). Of the 302 resections, 66% were tumoral cases (n=200). Giant cell tenosynovial tumor (n=55, 27.5%) was the most common benign tumor, followed by glomus tumor (n=34, 17%), pyogenic granuloma (n=15, 7.5%), and cystic hygroma (n=14, 7%). Conclusion: In accordance with the literature, in the present study, most of the patients (99%) that underwent surgery had benign diagnoses. Synovial sarcoma was the only malignant tumor observed in the study population.

Morphological Features of the Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

Introduction. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare form of children neoplasm, characterized by intermediate biological behavior. In case of this, pathological diagnostics and valid tumor prognosis are difficult to perform; practitioners are not familiar enough with this pathology. Aim - to get an idea of the tumor morphological features, approaches to differential diagnosis of IMT, spreading in pediatric oncopathology, based on a review of modern literature. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis of soft tissue tumors in children operated for the period from 2007 to 2017 in Samara City Children's Clinical Hospital №1 n.a. Ivanova N.N. was performed. Among 1344 tumors, 5 cases verified as were detected IMT Results. Own clinical observations with children’s sex and age, tumor localization and speed of development, results of surgical treatment, tumor description in gross and in histological specimens, results of additional methods used in differential diagnostics from sarcomas are presented. Conclusions. Taking into account the tendency of tumor recurrence, the conclusion of the importance of morphological study of margins of tumor resection is made.

Neues aus dem Jenaer Weichteiltumor-Register

The Jena Institute of Pathology has been serving as a consultation and reference center for soft tissue tumors in Germany since 1978. The present study provides an overview of the clinicopathological data from a two-year period and an update on diagnostics and research. Retrospectively, 7043 cases sent to the institute in the years 2006 and 2007 were analyzed. The majority of cases (>77.7%) were soft tissue tumors, of which 49% were categorized as malignant, 11.4% as intermediate, 35% as benign and 4.6% as tumors of uncertain biological potential. Neoplasms with fibroblastic differentiation were the most frequent. The mean age of patients with a sarcoma was 63 years. The molecular pathological analysis of soft tissue tumors has attained a major role in diagnosis. This is further advanced at the Jena institute in the context of a German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project for molecular sarcoma diagnosis with the aim of developing and validating DNA probes for in situ hybridization detection of translocations and their associated chromosomal breaks on the one hand, and DNA chips for the detection of fusion transcripts on the other. Research projects relate to the analysis of specific biomarkers in large tumor collectives and the pathomechanisms in several sarcoma entities.

New diagnostic modalities in soft tissue sarcoma.

Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of soft tissue sarcoma has provided a vast amount of new genetic information over the past 10 years. Recent advances in genetic technology, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and positional cloning techniques have greatly increased the rate of new discoveries and soon may bring cytogenetic and molecular analysis to standard pathology laboratories. Karotypic analysis of soft tissue tumors have demonstrated specific cytogenetic aberrations which have proved to be extremely useful diagnostically and have solidified and improved soft tissue tumor classification systems. Objective and reproducible prognostication in soft tissue sarcoma remains problematic. Presently, the grade and size of the sarcoma are the most important factors used to estimate risk of relapse and overall survival. Assigning a pathologic grade to an individual sarcoma as a means of predicting clinical behavior is often difficult with a 40% discordance rate even between expert sarcoma pathologists. There is mounting evidence that the composition of membrane phospholipid in tumor tissue is an important indicator of a tumor's cellularity, proliferative capacity, and differentiation state. However, there is a lack of information on the biochemical determinants of sarcoma proliferation and differentiation. To address these problems, novel quantitative ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been applied to determine the biochemical changes in tissue lipid for soft tissue sarcoma. The biochemical changes in tissue lipid have been found to correlate with sarcoma cellularity, growth rate, and differentiation. Continued prospective NMR analysis of tissue lipid biochemistry in soft tissue tumors will permit the development of a clinically relevant biochemical system of prognostic determinants for soft tissue sarcoma in the future.

Basic Concepts in Molecular Cytogenetics of Soft Tissue Tumors for the Clinician.

Over the past several years, cytogenetic and molecular analyses have played a growing adjunct role in the clinicopathological evaluation of soft tissue tumors. Recent technological advances, especially in fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction, have enabled the analysis of frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue as well as fresh tumor samples. Many characteristic genetic abnormalities have been identified that are of diagnostic utility in the analysis of soft tissue tumors. Additionally, certain genetic aberrations have been found to be of potential prognostic value. With the abundance of useful tools that are available, molecular cytogenetic analyses are likely to become an integral part of the analysis of soft tissue tumors. These analyses can be performed readily using small amounts of tumor (e.g., from sonographically or computed tomographic guided percutaneous biopsy specimens).

The clinical role of molecular genetics in soft tissue tumor pathology.

Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of soft tissue tumors has yielded a wealth of information over the past decade. Some of the genetic aberrations that have been identified appear to be fairly specific for individual tumor types. It is because of this specificity that these findings harbor the promise to become useful as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Technical advances that allow the application of cytogenetic and molecular techniques to archival material have been crucial in this respect. Molecular genetics has already become an integral part of the work-up of some tumors, e.g., small cell sarcomas of childhood, which demonstrate fairly characteristic translocations, often involving the Ewing's sarcoma gene. Some genetic abnormalities have become established as prognostic markers, such as the deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 for neuroblastomas. Soft tissue tumor pathology has also benefitted from major advances in identifying genes that are critical in mesenchymal differentiation or cell cycle control. MyoD is a good example of a such a gene, that has become useful as a diagnostic tool in rhabdomyosarcomas. Beyond potential practical applications of cytogenetic and molecular analyses in the diagnosis of these tumors, we also review their impact on several philosophical concepts concerning soft tissue neoplasia.

More about Mammary Tumors in Beagles Given Radium-226

A recently published paper from this laboratory (1) reported an excess of malignant mammary tumors among female beagles injected with 226Ra as compared with female control beagles (among 226Ra dogs, there were 34 expected and 66 observed, P < 0.005). A corresponding excess was not seen for benign mammary tumors. There seemed to be no difference between dogs given 226Ra and controls in the appearance time for the first malignant mammary tumor, but there was an indication that the timing of subsequent mammary cancers (three or more per animal) was affected by 226Ra exposure. Neither ovariectomy nor exposure to diagnostic X rays could be shown to be associated with the difference between controls and dogs given 226Ra with regard to mammary malignancies. It was proposed in that report (1) that the increased risk of mammary cancer might have been a result of (a) initial deposition of 226Ra in sensitive tissue, or (b) transient deposition of 226Ra progeny in the mammae, or (c) a general effect on the immune system of skeletal a-particle irradiation by radium and its progeny that might reduce the resistance to expression of mammary neoplasia. Since our report was accepted for publication, we have had the opportunity to examine the mammary tumor experience among comparable female beagles given injections of either 241Am or 239pu. Both of these radionuclides are a-particle emitters and also irradiate the skeleton. However, no such differences in mammary tumor frequency between dogs given 241Am or 239pu and controls could be detected. These data have some relevance to the third of the three possibilities given above that were discussed by Bruenger et al. (1). Reports dealing with the analysis of soft-tissue tumors in our beagles given 241Am or 239Pu have been submitted for publication or are in preparation. Not included in the published version of our paper on mammary tumors in dogs given 226Ra was an analysis of the comparison between irradiated beagles and controls with respect to the number of separate dates on which mammary tumors were diagnosed in the individual animals. An excess of malignant tumors in the dogs given 226Ra could have been a result of (a) a greater average number of dates on which tumors were diagnosed, (b) a larger average number of tumors diagnosed at each diagnosis date or (c) a combination of both (a) and (b). Table I exhibits the results of this comparison. It appears from the data in Table I that there cannot be established a difference in the average number of dates on which tumors were diagnosed between controls and irradiated animals: Therefore, it seems more probable that the observed difference in the number of malignant tumors reported by Bruenger et al. (1) may have been a result of a larger average number of tumors diagnosed in 226Ra dogs on any one day. For many years, it has been the policy of our group to use the word dose to denote the energy imparted to matter and to designate a corresponding value that has the units of gray or rad, exclusively. To avoid confusion, we have tried (not always successfully) to use the word dosage to denote such other concepts as the amount of radioactivity adminis-

Histologic grade, and content and image analysis of soft tissue tumors

Flow cytometry and image analysis technique were used to quantitate the nuclei of various soft tissue tumors. A single representing section from soft tissue sarcoma was used for histologic grading. Histologic and cytometric comparative analyses showed that all 21 benign tumors were diploid. Among 62 cases of soft tissue sarcoma, 45 (73%) were aneuploid. There was a significant difference in the nuclear area between benign and malignant tumors (P<0.01), diploid and aneuploid tumors (P<0.05). The two new techniques are valuable in cellular quantitative measurement for soft tissue tumors.

DNA flow analysis of soft tissue tumors.

The cellular DNA content of 81 soft tissue tumors was determined by means of flow cytometry and related to conventional histologic classification of the same tumors. Comparison of histologic and cytometric analysis showed that all 23 benign tumors were diploid (normal DNA content), whereas the malignant group included both diploid and aneuploid (abnormal DNA content) lesions. There appeared to be a relationship between tumor grade and ploidy level in that 92% of Grade II, 28% of Grade III, and 11% of Grade IV lesions were diploid. Cell distribution analysis, feasible in 51 cases, disclosed that diploid lesions had a low proportion of S and G2 + M cells and most aneuploid lesions a high proportion, indicating a relationship between ploidy level and proliferative activity. The current study shows that solid mesenchymal tumors may be analyzed by DNA flow cytometry. Regardless of histogenetic type, it appears that benign and low-grade tumors are diploid and high-grade tumors, in general, are aneuploid. As to exceptions, DNA analysis may prove to give information beyond that obtained by subjective histologic interpretation. Thus, adequate follow-up might show that high-grade lesions with a diploid DNA content are associated with a better prognosis than expected from histologic classification.