Regional Policy Analysis Research Articles

ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОНЯТТЯ РЕГУЛЯТОРНА ПОЛІТИКА У ПЛАНУВАННІ ТА ЗАБУДОВІ МІСТА: ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ

Regulatory policy in the field of urban planning and development is a key element of public administration aimed at ensuring economic stability, social welfare and sustainable development. In the conditions of globalization and intensive technological progress, effective regulation of urban planning processes is becoming more and more important for solving modern challenges. The purpose of this study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the concept of regulatory policy in urban planning and development, to study the main approaches to its implementation, as well as to determine modern trends and opportunities for adapting international experience for Ukraine. In particular, the research aims to identify effective models of regulatory policy that can be integrated into national legislation and practice to improve the management of urban development. The research uses a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of scientific publications, comparative analysis of regulatory policies of different countries, methods of critical literature review and data synthesis. Special attention is paid to the experience of countries such as the USA, Germany and Singapore, where various approaches to the regulation of urban planning processes are used. The analysis showed that regulatory policy in urban planning and development is a multifaceted phenomenon, which includes such basic approaches as zoning, strategic spatial planning, energy efficiency, integration of transport infrastructure and active involvement of the public in the decision‒ making process. Modern trends in regulatory policy have been identified, including innovative approaches to planning, the use of digital technologies, an emphasis on sustainable development and environmental safety. A comparative analysis of the regulatory policies of the USA, Germany, and Singapore made it possible to identify effective models that can be adapted to the conditions of Ukraine. The study confirmed that an effective regulatory policy is an important prerequisite for sustainable economic development, social stability and protection of citizens' rights. Further research should focus on the integration of digital technologies into regulatory processes, improvement of control and monitoring mechanisms, which will contribute to the sustainable development of cities in Ukraine.

Artificial Intelligence and the Judiciary: Analysis of regulatory policies in Brazil and Italy

This article aims to carry out a comparative study between the regulation of artificial intelligence systems in the judiciary in Brazil and Italy. The research addresses aspects such as legislation, ethics, privacy, transparency and fairness, in order to identify the main similarities and differences between the two regulations. The methodology used consisted of a comparative approach between Brazilian and Italian regulations, with analysis of legal documents and interviews with experts. The results indicated that both countries have specific legislation for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the judiciary, with significant differences in relation to ethical approach, transparency and privacy. The main findings highlight the importance of broader and more consistent regulation to ensure the fair and transparent use of AI in the judiciary, as well as the need for a broader and more participatory dialogue with civil society to promote more democratic and accountable regulation. It is hoped that this study can contribute to a broader reflection on the regulation of AI by the judiciary at a global level and to the formulation of more effective and fair public policies in this area.

STATE REGULATION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN VINNYTSIA REGION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE

The article is devoted to the analysis of state regional policy in Ukraine in the context of the military conflict and the full-scale invasion of Russian troops on the country's territory. The fundamental changes that have taken place in this area recently have been studied, as well as the main directions and priorities of reforms and programs aimed at ensuring stability and socio-economic development in the territorial communities of the regions. The article examines measures aimed at restoring infrastructure, supporting entrepreneurship, and stimulating economic growth in the conditions of martial law. The specific situation in the territorial communities of Vinnytsia region is analyzed in detail, attention is paid to the peculiarities of their economic and social development in the context of martial law. The state policy and legislation regarding state support provided for the development of territorial communities within the framework of the implementation of the State Regional Development Strategy for 2021-2027 in Ukraine is investigated. The impact of military events on the development of certain communities of the region on the example of Vinnytsia region, is analyzed. The research provides statistical data related to the development of territorial communities in 2022-2023. Data on their resource and economic potential are given. The directions of the state and local policy regarding the socio-economic development of the communities of the region have been determined. With the help of visualization of data on export and import of territorial communities of Vinnytsia region, their comparative analysis for 2022 and 2023 has been carried out. Moreover, the article examines various programs and projects aimed at supporting the economic recovery and development of Vinnytsia region territorial communities in the conditions of martial law. Conducted analysis can become the basis for the development and implementation of effective strategies for the modernization of territorial communities and regions of our country in modern conditions. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of state regional policy regarding the development of territorial communities of regions to ensure stability and prosperity of the country in the conditions of military threats and crisis situations.

Regional Policy Analysis in Germany

Regional Policy Analysis in Germany

Wicked Problem of Regional Development Policy in Iceland

With increasing globalization, the influence of global drivers on local livelihood and prosperity is becoming more apparent at the local level. Global drivers are for the most part driven by economic incentives and often disregard sustainable rural development. This paper uses a political economy perspective to investigate how global impacts are affecting regional development policy. This is accomplished via content analysis and literary study of regional development policy documents post-2000 in Iceland, recognized as a predominately rural island nation. Contributing to the literature on public administration and policy in Iceland and elsewhere, the paper argues that regional development and sustainability in rural regions is a wicked problem and emphasises the importance of a holistic perspective in sustainable regional and rural development. Conclusions suggest that place-specific, nuanced approach needs to be taken to meet the demands of sustainable development. As influenced by the new regionalism, places, and the communities within them, differ in environmental, economic, social, and cultural ways. The uniqueness of places underpins the vital importance of inhabitants´ participation in decision making. Moreover, addressing wicked problems at the community level is an easier and a more transparent way to diagnose and manage issues of concern.

Non-medical practitioners in the staffing of emergency departments and urgent treatment centres in England: a mixed qualitative methods study of policy implementation

BackgroundPatient demand, internationally, on emergency departments and urgent care treatment centres has grown. Shortages of staff, particularly of emergency medicine doctors, have compounded problems. Some countries are pursuing solutions of including non-medical practitioners e.g., nurse practitioners and physician associates/assistants in their emergency department workforces. This study investigated at the macro and meso level of the health system in England: what the rationale was and the factors influencing the current and future employment, or otherwise, of non-medical practitioners in emergency departments and urgent treatment centres.MethodsMixed qualitative methods in the interpretative tradition were employed. We undertook, in 2021–2022, a documentary analysis of national, regional and subregional policy (2017–2021), followed by semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample (n = 18) of stakeholders from national, regional and subregional levels. The data were thematically analysed and then synthesised.ResultsThere was general national policy support for increasing the presence of non-medical practitioners as part of the solution to shortages of emergency medicine doctors. However, evidence of policy support dissipated at regional and subregional levels. There were no published numbers for non-medical practitioners in emergency departments, but stakeholders suggested they were relatively small in number, unevenly distributed and faced uncertain growth. While the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath were said to have made senior decision makers more receptive to workforce innovation, many factors contributed to the uncertain growth. These factors included: limited evidence on the relative advantage of including non-medical practitioners; variation in the models of service being pursued to address patient demand on emergency departments and the place of non-medical practitioners within them; the lack of a national workforce plan with clear directives; and the variation in training for non-medical practitioner roles, combined with the lack of regulation of that level of practice.ConclusionsWe identified many features of a system ready to introduce non-medical practitioners in emergency departments and urgent treatment centres but there were uncertainties and the potential for conflict with other professional groups. One area of uncertainty was evidence of relative advantage in including non-medical practitioners in staffing. This requires urgent attention to inform decision making for short- and long-term workforce planning. Further investigation is required to consider whether these findings are generalisable to other specialties, and to similar health systems in other countries.

Analysis of New Autonomous Regional Policies in Indonesia

The size of the Indonesian state makes it difficult to create a centralized government system. Moreover, Indonesia is an archipelagic state, where the islands are separated by sea. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a new autonomous region policy to maintain the welfare of the Indonesian state. This study then aims to analyze the New Autonomous Region Arrangement Policy process in Indonesia. This research will be carried out using descriptive qualitative methods. The selection of this method is expected to describe and summarize various conditions, situations, or phenomena of social reality that exist in society. The data source used in this study comes from documentation and observation. The results of this study then found that interests had an important role in forming the New Autonomous Region (DOB). In structuring the new autonomous regions, there are positive and negative sides. Unfortunately, in establishing a new autonomous region, the expected degree of change has not been fully realized. Several factors hamper this process, such as the low quality of human resources and inadequate financing.

Value dynamics in energy democracy: An exploration of community energy initiatives

In the European Union, energy democracy (ED) is considered a socially desirable policy goal. One way to achieve ED is through empowering local communities to become agents of value change who can pursue more sustainable and equitable energy provision with community energy initiatives (CEI). However, such people-driven value change is complex in nature. CEIs are multifaceted sociotechnical systems that bring together sets of values and are composed of agents (i.e., people), technologies (e.g., solar panels), and institutions (e.g., renewable energy policies). Yet not much research is conducted into how values relate and overlap within this complex nexus of people - technology - institutions on a pathway to democratizing the energy sector through civic participation. In this paper, we spotlight value relationality to capture the diversity in the value landscape of people-driven energy transitions. We claim that each sociotechnical system has “climate” of its own, or value dynamics, induced by interrelating values. We propose an account that captures value dynamics, explores value sets brought together by the different sociotechnical components of CEIs and investigates various ways in which these value sets interrelate. To elucidate value dynamics in the context of CEIs, we have conducted a literature review, a content analysis of regional, national (i.e., Dutch), and EU policies, and expert interviews in two illustrative case studies. We finalize the paper with recommendations for further research on value dynamics in CEIs across various sociotechnical contexts.

Global Quantitative Investment Regulatory Policy Analysis and Its Implications for China's Regulatory System

In an era marked by globalization and frequent "black swan" events, this study examines the complexities and strategic opacity of quantitative investment, a key product of financial innovation, within the scope of global financial regulation. Utilizing detailed comparative analysis, it explores diverse regulatory approaches in major economies, including the United States, the European Union, and key Asian countries. The research highlights the U.S.'s focus on balancing market transparency with financial innovation, the EU's emphasis on market stability and systemic risk prevention, and the trend towards regulatory modernization and internationalization in Asia. This study underscores the dual role of quantitative investment in enhancing market efficiency and optimizing resource allocation, while acknowledging the associated systemic risks and regulatory challenges. Focusing on China, the research identifies the critical developmental stages in regulatory practices, emphasizing the need for technological adaptation and international cooperation. In conclusion, the paper proposes comprehensive recommendations for improving China's quantitative investment regulation. These aim to reinforce legal frameworks, advance regulatory technologies, intensify risk management, foster global collaboration, and augment investor education and protection. The suggestions are intended to guide China towards effective regulatory policies that harmonize financial safety with technological advancement, ensuring market stability and transparency.

Influencer regulations, governance and sociocultural issues in Asia

Influencer regulations, governance and sociocultural issues in Asia

Territorial development in Bavaria between spatial justice and austere federalism: A historical-materialist policy analysis of Bavarian regional development politics and policies, 2008–2018

This paper examines the territorial development reforms in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany between 2008 and 2018 in light of the rise of austerity policies, introducing the concept of ‘austere federalism’ as a new state spatial process in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Methodologically, the paper draws on the historical-materialist policy analysis and identifies three processes – municipalisation, competitisation, and responsibilisation – as key elements of a new hegemonic project. Our findings suggest that the years following the crisis saw a paradigm shift in spatial planning taking place, characterised by a carrot-and-stick policy of planning deregulation and austerity discipline. Rather than diminishing disparities, however, this shift runs the risk of exacerbating spatial inequality.

Regulatory policy and institutional transformation of the banking system of Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization

The transformation of the banking system is due to modern global trends and digitalization processes, which contribute to increasing the efficiency of the banking system operation and its competitiveness. The object of this study is the analysis of regulatory policy and justification of the foundations of institutional transformation of the banking sector in the conditions of digitalization. The conducted research made it possible to analyze the regulatory policy and establish the rationale for the institutional transformation of the banking sector in the conditions of digitalization in order to increase the efficiency of its activities and competitiveness, which means: putting the banking system on track to merge with the global financial system; transformation of the functioning of the National Bank of Ukraine in the direction of creating economically adaptable functions and, at the same time, implementing behavioral mechanisms of influence on banking institutions; implementation of methods of preventive rehabilitation of troubled banks; increasing the stabilization of the banking system due to strengthening the role of private banks; expansion of the functions of the Deposit Guarantee Fund of individuals, and; implementation of digital technologies in the activities of banking sector entities.

Analysis of Regulatory Policy in the Context of Sustainable Development of Eastern European Countries

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the implementation of regulatory policy on the example of Eastern European countries in the context of sustainable development. The methodological basis of the study is a comprehensive approach to the improvement of the methodology for determining the system of integral indicators of the implementation of the regulatory policy of economic development through the statistical analysis of the determination of the indicators of international ratings of the business environment and the assessment of the determining integral indicators of the regulatory policy according to the criterion of sustainable development. Completing the calculations of the proposed stages of the study made it possible to rank the countries selected for analysis. The article examines the factors of sustainable development of countries that generate a set of indicators of the factor load of the system of economic, social, innovative and infrastructural components based on the results of the implementation of the regulatory policy of the studied countries. The system of directions and measures for increasing efficiency, as well as improving the regulatory policy, which are expedient to implement in order to create conditions for the sustainable development of research objects, are substantiated. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the defining directions of improving regulatory policy in the context of sustainable development of Eastern European countries at the current stage are: increasing competitiveness, increasing economic activity of economic entities, improving public administration and regulatory tools. The proposed measures are aimed at improving the effectiveness of regulatory policy implementation.

Post-Covid-19 Pandemic, Innovation of Local Government Policy Perspective of State Administration Law

Handling Post-Covid-19 Pandemic within the framework of a unitary state is not only the responsibility of the central government but also the roles and responsibilities of local governments. This is important for the government to innovate policies for handling the post-Covid-19 pandemic without overriding the policies that have been issued by the central government. This study aims to identify innovations in local government policies in handling the Post-Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of Administrative Law. The research was conducted in a normative juridical manner with a qualitative approach to the urgency of local government policy innovation in handling the Post-Covid-19 pandemic. In this case, an analysis of Mataram City's regional policies is needed in handling the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic. This gives an understanding that local governments in making policies need synchronization with the central government, especially in analyzing a policy in accordance with state administrative law. The forms of policy innovations carried out by local governments in handling the post-Covid-19 pandemic include: 1) Strengthening the Regional Health System; 2) Strengthening the Social Protection System; and 3) Economic Recovery

Review and Assessment of Energy Policy in the Economic Community of West African States region

The ECOWAS region has one of Africa's highest potentials for energy production, including both non-renewable (oil, gas, and uranium) and renewable sources (hydroelectric, solar energy, wind energy). Despite this significant potential, the region deals with a number of issues that affect its energy strategy. A review and analysis of the social, political, and economic factors influencing regional energy policy are provided in this paper, along with an assessment and forecast of energy policy in the ECOWAS. The analysis of regional energy policy then takes into account demand management, clean energy production, regional energy trade, and hydrocarbon exploration and production. The results show that the ECOWAS nations have started their transition to a renewable energy-based economy. These policies have long-term implications on the world's energy system and have the potential to improve the region's energy policy, even if the consequences are not immediately noticeable.

Effective Contact Tracing System Minimizes COVID-19 Related Infections and Deaths: Policy Lessons to Reduce the Impact of Future Pandemic Diseases

One of the fundamental questions in the presence of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis and in general of new pandemic diseases is to design effective policy responses to reduce the impact in the initial phase of diffusion, when appropriate therapies and drugs lack. This study analyses a main case study given by Italy, one of the first European countries to be damaged of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study focuses on health policy responses to the pandemic crisis across selected Italian regions that were the first areas to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19. The analysis of early regional health policies, from January to July 2020 (during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic), reveals that some regions have managed pandemic crisis with appropriate health policy responses based on: a) a timely and widespread testing of individuals, b) effective units of epidemiological investigation in a pervasive contact-tracing system to detect and isolate all infected people. This health policy response has reduced total deaths and negative effects of COVID-19 on health of people during the first pandemic wave, when are not available pharmaceutical interventions, such as vaccines and other antiviral drugs. This evidence in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic provides important lessons to design an effective public health policy to constraint future pandemic waves driven by new variants and new viral agents, when appropriate drugs are not ready.

A Study on US AI and Algorithm Regulatory Policy Analysis

A Study on US AI and Algorithm Regulatory Policy Analysis

Analysis of human capital’s accumulation strategic management in the regions of the Russian Federation

Subject. This article discusses the problems of improving the quality of human capital. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the documents of regional strategic planning and identify their relationship with the amount of human capital. Methods. For the study, we used comparison, grouping, and the graphical method. Results. The article identifies and analyzes the approaches and methods used in the regions to solve problems related to the accumulation of human capital, as well as the relationship between the amount of human capital accumulated in the regions and the regional policy being implemented. Conclusions. The analysis of regional policy shows its low efficiency in the context of managing the processes of human capital accumulation. The amount of accumulated human capital is not determined by the policies implemented in the regions.

Natural Differences in the Legal Dimension: Institutionalisation of the Northern and Mountain Regions of Russia

Natural differences in the regional development of Russia are presented in many legislative acts dedicated to the Russian Far North. In contrast, the unique nature and complexity of mountainous and high-mountain territories are protected only by a few regional acts. The reason for this lies in the complexity and multicomponent criteria required for assigning these territories the status of protected areas and in the fact that their boundaries do not correspond with administrative boundaries. The main materials underlying the article are legal documents (regulations, laws, etc.) concerning the institutionalization of the northern and mountainous territories. A comparative analysis of regional policy in relation to mountainous and northern territories takes into account similar criteria, such as vegetation types and patterns, forest borders or crop frontiers. Almost two-thirds of the territory of Russia refers to the North and more than half of the territory is occupied by mountains. The first attempts to institutionalize the North were undertaken in the 1930s, while the programmes for the development of mountainous territories gained legal support only at the end of 20th century and only in some regions. The most important difference between the institutionalization of the North and the mountains is the fact that the state initiated the creation of special legal conditions for the North. In the case of the mountains, the initiator was the public, initially at the regional level. Currently, three constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted laws on mountain areas, but so far there are no all-Russian laws. The main lobbyists are the North Caucasian regions, while the Siberian regions (with the exception of the Altai Republic) are rather passive in discussing mountain issues. The elaborated legislation for the North seems to be closely related to the potential and realised income from natural resource extraction. For this reason, corresponding legislation for the mountain regions is not expected particularly soon, due to the lack of legal resources. Efforts aimed to provide legal support for mechanisms that compensate the socio-economic discrepancies between mountainous areas and more developed “flat places” should take into account the experience of institutionalizing the Northern territories of the Russian Federation.

Does the Running Variable Matter? A Second Look at Discontinuity Designs for Evaluating Regional Economic Development and Business Incentive Policies.

In recent years, a growing number of studies have applied regression discontinuity designs (RDDs) to the analysis of prominent regional economic development and business incentive policies. As a result, impact evaluations of these policy interventions are being increasingly commissioned under the assumption that local linear regressions have superior impact identification properties in the cases in which an eligibility boundary, geographical border or application cutoff is identifiable as a source of treatment assignment. This paper shows that in a number of frequently encountered cases, however, economic development and business incentive programs pose peculiar impact identification conditions in terms of violations of main assumptions for the validity of RDDs and of running variables that have little or no influence of the outcome variable. Under these circumstances, that bear generalizable relevance also for the analysis of other public programs at large, no adequate testing to support the internal validity of the applied discontinuity design is often performed in the literature and the use of local linear/polynomial regressions, or cross-border comparisons, becomes an inadequate choice. When these conditions apply, adopting instead other quasi-experimental methods to achieve an actual adequate treatment-control balance of the relevant baseline characteristic will often be a better approach.JEL classification; O1; R5; C23.