Mechanical Analysis Research Articles

Potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A promising future

In this editorial, we provide insights into the publication by Niu et al featured in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastroenterology . Specifically, our focus was on exploring the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet through various mechanisms. NAFLD is a common liver condition, affecting approximately 25% of the world's population. It is closely linked to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, excessive body weight, and irregular lipid processing, leading to fat accumulation in the liver, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. While maintaining a healthy diet and active lifestyle are essential for managing NAFLD, treatment options are limited due to undefined pathogenesis and a lack of specific medications. TCM, rooted in traditional Chinese practices, presents a promising alternative through its "syndrome differentiation and treatment" principles, enhancing liver lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and addressing fibrosis. Certain herbs, such as Poria cocos , Puaria lobata , and Salvia miltiorrhiza , have shown significant efficacy in reducing fat deposition and improving liver function. Due to systematic research and analysis of mechanisms, TCM is anticipated to yield new approaches to prevent and treat NAFLD, increasing its clinical application.

Environmental, Social and Governance Performance on Brand Value in the Context of “Dual Carbon”: The Mediating Effect of R&D Innovation

As an important asset of an enterprise, brand value reflects its competitive position in the market. With the proposed goal of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, the development of enterprises is paying more and more attention to ESG performance (that is, the performance of enterprises in environmental, social and governance aspects), and the attention of brand management is slowly shifting away from traditional products and markets into being green and sustainable. In order to verify the relationship between ESG performance and brand value, this study takes Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2012 to 2021 as research samples to reveal the mechanism of ESG performance’s impact on brand value. The results show that ESG performance can significantly improve brand value, indicating that the investment in ESG will ultimately affect brand value. The mediation mechanism analysis shows that R&D innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between the two. A heterogeneity analysis shows that the ESG performance of state-owned enterprises and large enterprises has a stronger promoting effect on brand value, while small enterprises do not show heterogeneity. The research results provide new evidence to reveal the impact of ESG performance on brand management, and have reference significance for ESG construction, brand marketing innovation, and corporate green innovation.

Effects of tirzepatide on circulatory overload and end-organ damage in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: a secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial

AbstractPatients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display circulatory volume expansion and pressure overload contributing to cardiovascular–kidney end-organ damage. In the SUMMIT trial, patients with HFpEF and obesity were randomized to the long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (n = 364, 200 women) or placebo (n = 367, 193 women). As reported separately, tirzepatide decreased cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure. Here, in this mechanistic secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial, tirzepatide treatment at 52 weeks, as compared with placebo, reduced systolic blood pressure (estimated treatment difference (ETD) −5 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −7 to −3; P < 0.001), decreased estimated blood volume (ETD −0.58 l, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.52; P < 0.001) and reduced C-reactive protein levels (ETD −37.2%, 95% CI −45.7 to −27.3; P < 0.001). These changes were coupled with an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ETD 2.90 ml min−1 1.73 m−2 yr−1, 95% CI 0.94 to 4.86; P = 0.004), a decrease in urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ETD 24 weeks, −25.0%, 95% CI −36 to −13%; P < 0.001; 52 weeks, −15%, 95% CI −28 to 0.1; P = 0.051), a reduction in N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.5%, 95% CI −20.7 to 1.0%; P = 0.07) and a reduction in troponin T levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.4%, 95% CI −16.7 to −3.6; P = 0.003). In post hoc exploratory analyses, decreased estimated blood volume with tirzepatide treatment was significantly correlated with decreased blood pressure, reduced microalbuminuria, improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score and increased 6-min walk distance. Moreover, decreased C-reactive protein levels were correlated with reduced troponin T levels and improved 6-min walk distance. In conclusion, tirzepatide reduced circulatory volume–pressure overload and systemic inflammation and mitigated cardiovascular–kidney end-organ injury in patients with HFpEF and obesity, providing new insights into the mechanisms of benefit from tirzepatide. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04847557.

The impact of risk and Fintech on ESG performance: evidence from gulf cooperation council (GCC) banks

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) bank risk on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, emphasizing the roles of Fintech and corporate governance. Using a sample of 48 commercial banks, our research reveals a significant negative influence of bank risk on ESG performance, applicable to both conventional and Islamic banks. Mechanism analysis indicates that Fintech development serves as a mediator, while corporate governance acts as a moderator, driving banks to enhance their ESG performance. Notably, the impact of Fintech on promoting corporate ESG performance is more significant in Islamic banks than in conventional counterparts. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis suggests that the effect of Fintech development on ESG performance is more pronounced for large and state-owned banks.

Pyroelectrically Driven Charge Transfer and its Advantages on SERS and Self‐Cleaning Property

AbstractThe fabrication of reusable SERS substrates with sensitivity at the single‐molecule level remains challenging but promising. Herein, a composite surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is proposed that includes Ag nanoparticle (Ag NPs) /Graphene/BaTiO3 (Ag/G/BTO) from a chemical enhancement perspective. The pyroelectric field generated by BaTiO3 drives the charge transfer between the SERS substrate and molecules, achieving a significant improvement in the SERS performance and self‐cleaning properties. The SERS signals of rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules are further amplified up to 70‐fold. Thus, the detection limit is reduced by three orders of magnitude in this study, reaching 10−14 m after applying a pyroelectric field. In addition, the substrate exhibits a higher degradation efficiency than previous self‐cleaning SERS substrates because of the outstanding catalytic properties of BaTiO3. Target molecules are degraded effectively after several temperature cycles. A detailed mechanism analysis of pyroelectric SERS is conducted based on theoretical simulations and experimental results. This study is considered to deepen the understanding of SERS mechanisms and boost the application of SERS technology.

A Review of Advances in Heterostructured Catalysts for Li-S Batteries: Structural Design and Mechanism Analysis.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, acclaimed for their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits, are widely considered as a leading candidate for the next-generation energy storage systems. However, their commercialization is impeded by critical challenges, such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics. These issues can be effectively mitigated through the design of heterojunction catalysts. Despite the remarkable advancements in this field, a comprehensive elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and structure-performance relationships of heterojunction catalysts in sulfur electrocatalysis systems remains conspicuously absent. Here, it is expounded upon the mechanisms underlying heterostructure engineering in Li-S batteries and the latest advancements in heterostructure catalysts guided by these multifarious mechanisms are examined. Furthermore, it illuminates groundbreaking paradigms in heterostructure design, encompassing the realms of composition, structure, function, and application. Finally, the research trends and future development directions for the novel heterojunction materials are extensively deliberated. This study not only provides a comprehensive and profound understanding of heterostructure catalysts in Li-S batteries but also facilitates the exploration of new electrocatalyst systems.

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFICACY OF FULLERENE SOOT DOPED BY C60/C70 (85/15) FOR LOW-DENSITY/HIGH PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES

Fullerenes (C60-70) although effective stabilizers-antioxidants for polymeric materials they have not yet found widespread practical application because of their high cost. As such, polymer manufacturers prefer to use classical stabilizers. In order to try to overcome this situation for some useful applications here the evaluation of relatively cheap fullerene soot (FS) doped additionally by C60/C70(85/15) is undertaken. Solution kinetic studies on the inhibition of model cumene oxidation combined with the thermal and mechanical analysis of the FS+C60/C70 integrated in a low-density/high pressure polyethylene (LDPE) matrix demonstrates the obvious advantage of a such an approach. The kinetic analysis made on the model reaction of initiated oxidation of cumene showed that the antioxidant activity of samples of fullerene carbon black doped with fullerenes C60-70 exhibits inhibition rate constants with high enough values comparable to those of strong industrial antioxidants such as Irganox 1010/1076. The additional portions of C60-70 fullerenes slightly increase the commercial cost of the FS itself, while the higher efficiency of the modified fullerene samples shown by thermal and mechanical analysis prevails more and allows us to recommend them for the industrial use at a measured optimal concentration of 1%w/w in the polymer

Generalized Entropy and Solution Information for Measuring Puzzle Difficulty

Metrics for problem difficulty are used by many puzzle generation algorithms, as well as by adaptive algorithms that want to provide players with the puzzles at the correct level of difficulty. A recently proposed general metric, puzzle entropy, combines an analysis of game mechanics with a model of player knowledge in the form of inference rules to predict problem difficulty. The entropy of a puzzle is the amount of information required, given a player’s knowledge about the puzzle, to describe a solution to a puzzle. This paper generalizes the concepts of puzzle entropy and solution information, providing a better foundation for the previous work and creating new algorithms, Minimum Solution Information and Total Solution Information. While functionally very similar to past work, the new algorithm allows knowledge about a puzzle to be represented as a policy, something that can be learned more easily. We then evaluate the impact of policies, inference rules, and player knowledge in the 2016 game, The Witness.

Electron-Spin Relaxation in Boron-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons.

Boron-doped graphene nanoribbons are promising platforms for developing organic materials with magnetic properties. Boron dopants can be used to create localized magnetic states in nanoribbons with tunable interactions. Controlling the coherence times of these magnetic states is the very first step in designing materials for quantum computation or information storage. In this work, we address the connection between the relaxation time and the position of the dopants for a series of boron-doped graphene nanofragments. We combine Redfield theory and ab initio calculations of magnetic properties to unveil the mechanism that governs spin relaxation in solution. We demonstrate that relaxation times can be in the order of 1 ms for the selected graphene nanofragments. A detailed analysis of the relaxation mechanism reveals that the spin decoherence is fundamentally driven by fluctuations of the spin-orbit coupling, and the hyperfine interaction facilitated by the thermal motion of the graphene nanofragments. The close connection between relaxation time, hyperfine interaction and the spin-orbit coupling offers the perspective of designing attractive materials with long-lived spin states.

Analysis of Reservoir Damage Mechanism and Prevention Measures for Deep Carbonate Gas Reservoir with High Sulfur Content

Analysis of Reservoir Damage Mechanism and Prevention Measures for Deep Carbonate Gas Reservoir with High Sulfur Content

Analysis of pore formation and carburizing mechanism of magnetite reduction by CO

To investigate the porosity and expansion mechanism of CO-reduced magnetite, the reduced microstructures of magnetite under conventional heating and microwave heating were compared. The microstructure characteristics of magnetite with various reduction degrees were examined in a 60%CO-Ar reduction atmosphere, and the formation and evolution mechanism of the structure were analyzed in conjunction with the reduction effect. The results indicate that the reduction product of CO reduced magnetite possesses a porous structure. Nevertheless, when the gas diffusion is restricted, the reduction process is sluggish and the porous structure is not readily formed. Microwave heating enhances the gas-phase diffusion capacity, thermodynamic carburizing capacity, and solid-phase carbon-oxygen diffusion capacity, resulting in a higher oxygen loss rate than that of conventional heating. Under the experimental conditions, the lattice shrinkage during the Fe3O4 → Fe0.88O transformation and the rapid expansion of Fe0.88O → Fe0.94O are the causes of the crack. Microwaves facilitate the formation of pores and cracks in the product. This study offers a novel concept for the development of foam steel.

Achieving strong optical nonlinearity and wide bandgap of pnictides via ionic motif-driven directed assembly of covalent groups.

Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) pnictides are indispensable for nonlinear optics, ferroelectrics, magnetic Weyl electronics, etc., areas, yet their structure design remains a substantial challenge. By using asymmetric ionic unit-driven covalent groups orienting and rigidity-flexibility coupling dual strategy, we successfully design and synthesize four NCS pnictides: [Sr4Br]2[MII3Si25P40] (MII = Mg, Cd) and [Ba3Br][MIIISi10P16] (MIII = Ga, In), which exhibit strong second harmonic generation effects (5.2 to 7.5 × AgGaS2), wide bandgaps (1.81 to 1.90 electron volts), and moderate birefringence (0.030 to 0.051). An unprecedented NCS structure-inducing mechanism analysis revealed that the (Sr4Br) and (Ba4Br) ionic units featuring the diamond-like electrostatic force field effectively break inversion symmetry and trigger uniform arrangement of the covalent tetrahedron groups. Furthermore, the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and birefringence can be remarkably tuned by the secondary covalent building blocks (MII/IIIP4 tetrahedra) with distinct bond flexibility providing a broader space for regulating the key parameters. This work might expand chemical space for exploiting high-performance pnictide NLO materials.

Feasible estimation of weathering stability for free film acrylic coatings via dynamic mechanical analysis as the sole characterization method

AbstractWeathering stability is a highly relevant materials property, especially for exterior coatings. Assessment of artificially or naturally weathered coatings is however still mostly subjective without distinct correlation between the formulation of a coating and its weathering stability. An aggravating issue in the industrial context is the often very sparse information on the exact chemical composition of materials by the manufacturers. In this study, a quantitative method to examine weathering-induced changes in coatings with limited chemical information is described, which is based solely on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This approach is applied to free films to eliminate possible influences of the substrate during the measurement. The effects of artificial weathering on three exemplary acrylic waterborne wood coatings are then examined and compared to the results of state of the art artificial weathering. Precisely, the impact of additional light stabilizer on mechanical properties, molecular weight, and Tg is monitored. For the exemplary systems, it could be shown that the molecular weight of the polymers decreases during artificial weathering, where the most prominent decrease was observed in the first 300 h. In the same time frame, E′ and E″ also decrease, while the glass transition temperature increased dependent of the formulation by 6–15°C. Remarkably, for coatings without light stabilizer an apparent two-staged degradation mechanism is observed, which leads to an increase of E′ and E″ after 600 h of artificial weathering, accompanied with an increased brittleness of the free film. The primary goal of this approach is to offer a tool for quick and systematic investigation of new coating formulations in the industrial context.

Improving corporate profitability from the inside out with environmental performance: an empirical analysis based on Chinese listed company data

This study uses data from listed companies in China from 2008 to 2021, constructs a comprehensive evaluation of corporate environmental performance from the perspective of internal efficiency and externalities based on the text analysis method, and analyzes the impact and mechanism of environmental performance on profitability. In addition, we find that improving environmental performance can significantly increase profitability, especially if the company tackles pollution at the source. Furthermore, the impact of environmental performance on profitability tends to be driven by external markets. Obtaining environmental certifications, awards, and green patents can provide positive feedback and significantly increase profitability. In addition, the mechanism analysis shows that environmental performance affects firm profitability by improving green technology innovation, reducing financing constraints and increasing operating income. Finally, the results of the heterogeneity analysis show that the profitability-enhancing effect of environmental performance is stronger in non-state-owned firms, in clean industries firms and in regions with carbon emission trading.

Erectile Dysfunction Therapy of Bariatric Patients: Tadalafil Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Before vs. After Gastric Sleeve/Bypass.

Bariatric surgery introduces significant changes in the gastrointestinal tract, which may affect oral drug absorption/bioavailability. Here we investigate the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i) tadalafil for potentially impaired post-bariatric solubility/dissolution and absorption. Solubility was studied in vitro in different pHs, and ex vivoin gastric content aspirated from patients pre/post-surgery. Dissolution was studied in conditions mimicking pre/post-surgery stomach. Finally, the experimental data were used in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model (GastroPlus®) to simulate pre- vs. post-surgery tadalafil PK. Tadalafil demonstrated low and pH-independent solubility, both in vitro and ex vivo. Tadalafil release from all drug products and under all gastric conditions was incomplete, with particularly poor dissolution (2%) of the highest dose under post-bariatric conditions. PBPK simulations revealed altered tadalafil PK after gastric bypass-but not after sleeve gastrectomy-compared to unoperated individuals, with 44-48% decreased Cmax, 35-56% decreased AUC and 44% shorter Tmax. This mechanistic analysis suggests that tadalafil may be as effective after sleeve gastrectomy as before the procedure; meanwhile, results after gastric bypass raise concerns regarding the bioperformance of the drug. In addition, the drug's duration of action may be much shorter after gastric bypass. Thus, the effectiveness of tadalafil, widely regarded as the 'weekend pill', may be shorter than expected among gastric bypass patients.

Religious beliefs and social class identification: micro evidence from China.

Residents' sense of social class identity is of great significance for enhancing self-happiness and maintaining social stability. As a spiritual force, religious beliefs can significantly influence residents' subjective perceptions. Based on this, using data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS 2021), this paper explores the impact of religious beliefs on residents' sense of social class identity through the probit model and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, and analyzes potential mechanisms. The baseline regression results indicate that religious beliefs significantly enhance residents' sense of social class identity(p < 0.05), a conclusion that holds true even after rigorous robustness tests. Furthermore, female residents(p < 0.05), residents with lower education levels(p < 0.05), and those who believe in domestic religions(p < 0.05) exhibit higher social class identification compared to those who believe in foreign religions. Mechanism analysis suggests that economic capital and social capital play mediating roles, indicating that religious beliefs enhance the economic(p < 0.01) and social capital of believers(p < 0.01), thereby increasing their sense of social class identity. Therefore, this paper suggests respecting residents' religious beliefs, while religious organizations should actively adapt to the needs of social development, providing spiritual comfort and moral guidance to residents.

Association of Stress Defense System With Fine Particulate Matter Exposure: Mechanism Analysis and Application Prospects.

The association between the stress defense system and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a hot topic in the field of environmental health. PM2.5 pollution is an increasingly serious issue, and its impact on health cannot be ignored. The stress defense system is an important biological mechanism for maintaining cell and internal environment homeostasis, playing a crucial role in PM2.5-induced damage and diseases. The association between PM2.5 exposure and activation of the stress defense system has been reported. Moderate PM2.5 exposure rapidly mobilizes the stress defense system, while excessive PM2.5 exposure may exceed its compensatory and coping abilities, resulting in system imbalance and dysfunction that triggers pathological changes in cells and tissues, thereby increasing the risk of chronic diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This detailed review focuses on the composition, function, and regulatory mechanisms of the antioxidant defense system, autophagy system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and inflammatory response system, which are all components of the stress defiance system. In particular, the influence of PM2.5 exposure on each of these defense systems and their roles in responding to PM2.5-induced damage was investigated to provide an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of PM2.5 exposure, accurately assess potential hazards, and formulate prevention and intervention strategies for health damage caused by PM2.5 exposure.

Mechanism analysis on carbon-ash separation of coal gasification fine slag by high internal phase emulsion collector

ABSTRACT Coal gasification slag is a solid waste produced in modern coal chemical industry, its mixed characteristics of residual carbon and ash materials restrict its resource utilization. This study focused on improving the flotation effect of coal gasification slag and reducing the consumption of flotation reagents, a water in oil type high internal phase emulsion collector was prepared, and the microstructure, rheology, stability, particle size and other characteristics of the emulsion collector were analyzed. By comparing with the flotation effect of conventional kerosene collector, when the amount of organic liquid is basically equal, the ash content of the tailings increased by 4.02%, the yield of concentrate increased by 9.79% and the recovery of combustible matter increased by 11.11%. When the combustible matter recovery is similar, the emulsion collector can save 13.40% of kerosene. The flotation kinetics test shows that the emulsion collector can significantly improve the flotation speed. By analyzing the flocculating ability of emulsion collectors, emulsion collectors can significantly improve the flocculating ability of particles, thereby improving the flotation effect. The research results have certain guiding significance for improving the flotation efficiency of coal gasification slag.

Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying kidney stones: gene expression profiles and potential diagnostic markers

BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney stones by analyzing gene expression profiles. They focused on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, and screening optimal feature genes using various machine learning algorithms.MethodsData from the GSE73680 dataset, comprising normal renal papillary tissues and Randall’s Plaque (RP) tissues, were downloaded from the GEO database. DEGs were identified using the limma R package, followed by GSEA and WGCNA to explore functional modules. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted using KEGG and Disease Ontology. Various machine learning algorithms were used for screening the most suitable feature genes, which were then assessed for their expression and diagnostic significance through Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and ROC curves. GSEA and correlation analysis were performed on optimal feature genes, and immune cell infiltration was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm.Results412 DEGs were identified, with 194 downregulated and 218 upregulated genes in kidney stone samples. GSEA revealed enriched pathways related to metabolic processes, immune response, and disease states. WGCNA identified modules correlated with kidney stones, particularly the yellow module. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted pathways involved in metabolism, immune response, and disease pathology. Through machine learning algorithms, KLK1 and MMP10 were identified as optimal feature genes, significantly upregulated in kidney stone samples, with high diagnostic value. GSEA further elucidated their biological functions and pathway associations.ConclusionThe study comprehensively analyzed gene expression profiles to uncover molecular mechanisms underlying kidney stones. KLK1 and MMP10 were identified as potential diagnostic markers and key players in kidney stone progression. Functional enrichment analysis provided insights into their roles in metabolic processes, immune response, and disease pathology. These results contribute significantly to a better understanding of kidney stone pathogenesis and may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Calcium bridges built by mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes: potential targets for neural repair in neurological diseases

The exchange of information and materials between organelles plays a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological functions and metabolic levels. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes serve as physical contact channels between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, formed by various proteins and protein complexes. This microstructural domain mediates several specialized functions, including calcium (Ca2+) signaling, autophagy, mitochondrial morphology, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. Notably, the dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling mediated by mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Certain proteins or protein complexes within these membranes directly or indirectly regulate the distance between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, as well as the transduction of Ca2+ signaling. Conversely, Ca2+ signaling mediated by mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes influences other mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated functions. These functions can vary significantly across different neurological diseases–such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease–and their respective stages of progression. Targeted modulation of these disease-related pathways and functional proteins can enhance neurological function and promote the regeneration and repair of damaged neurons. Therefore, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes-mediated Ca2+ signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of neurological diseases and represents a significant potential therapeutic target. This review focuses on the effects of protein complexes in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and the distinct roles of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes-mediated Ca2+ signaling in neurological diseases, specifically highlighting the early protective effects and neuronal damage that can result from prolonged mitochondrial Ca2+ overload or deficiency. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the various mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling mediated by mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in neurological diseases, contributing to the exploration of potential therapeutic targets for promoting neuroprotection and nerve repair.