Analysis Of Land Use Patterns Research Articles

Landscape metrics analysis of land use patterns and changes in suburban local government areas of Ibadan, Nigeria

This study examined the spatiotemporal pattern of urban growth and magnitude of changes in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the suburban area of Ibadan using remote sensing cum spatial metrics. Data for the study were obtained from administrative maps of the study area, population data and satellite imageries. All of these were complemented with ground validations using Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Periods of change analysis were divided into two epochs; 1986 to 2002 and 2002 to 2017. The imageries were classified into four landuse/cover classes based on Anderson’s modified version of supervised classification scheme. Accuracy assessment of the imageries was carried out using 100 randomly sampled ground truth points. Ten spatial metrics were selected for analysis using Fragstats program. Results show a significant loss in vegetation due to conversion (Land Consumption Rate, LCR = 0.025, 0.019 and 0.027; Land Absorption Coefficient, LAC = 0.012 and 0.048). Moreover, there was a persistent increase in Number of Patches (NP) indicating a scattered and fragmented but continuous development. However, dwindling values of Patch Density (PD = 90.94, 27.07 and 30.30) indicate expansion through conversion of other landuses at varying rates. Results also indicate an incidence of fragmented low density development in the fringe areas (Area Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension, AWMPFD = 1.37 and 1.39). The study highlights the chaotic land development and unrestrained urban expansion in the study area.

Analysis of land use patterns in the upper Cimanuk river basin and its relationship with irrigation water discharge in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia

Land use with increasingly high intensity and not well planned, such as land conversion from agricultural land to residential and industrial areas has the potential to cause damage to watersheds indicated by a decrease in hydrological conditions. This land use change is an important phenomenon for every planner and regional policy maker. This research wa conducted for seven months at the Cimanuk River Basin. This study aims to determine the pattern of land use in the Uppe Cimanuk Watershed and the impact of land use in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed on irrigation water discharge in Majalengka Regency. The research method in this study used the image classification method, namely the process of dividing the coverage area based on image data with the use of certain symbols. In it there was an unsupervised classification and a guided classification. The results showed that Land use patterns in the Cimanuk River Basin are dry land agriculture by 30.02%, rice fields by 19.01%, production forest by 14.34%, and bush area by 0.32%. The average annual discharge in 2020 in the upstream of the Cimanuk River Basin that flows into the Rentang and Kamun dams were 125.32 m/s and 355 m/s.

Sustainable Land-Use Allocation Model at a Watershed Level under Uncertainty.

Land-use allocation models can effectively support sustainable land use. A large number of studies solve the problems of land-use planning by constructing models, such as mathematical models and spatial analysis models. However, these models fail to fully and comprehensively consider three uncertain factors of land-use systems: randomness, interval and fuzziness. 33Therefore, through the study of the watershed land-use system, this paper develops a land-use allocation model considering the regional land–society–economy–environment system under uncertain conditions. On the basis of this model, an interval fuzzy two-stage random land-use allocation model (IFTSP-LUAM) combining social, economic and ecological factors is proposed to provide sustainable development strategies at the basin level. In addition, the proposed IFTSP-LUAM takes into account the above three uncertainties and multistage, multiobjective, dynamic, systematic and complex characteristics of typical land-use planning systems. The results showed that the model considers more socioeconomic and ecological factors and can effectively reflect the quantitative relationship between the increase in economic benefits and the decrease in environmental costs of a land-use system. The model was applied to land-use planning of Nansihu River Basin in Shandong Province. The results provided a series of suitable land-use patterns and environmental emission scenarios under uncertain conditions, which can help the watershed environmental protection bureau and watershed land-use decision-makers to formulate appropriate land-use policies, so as to balance social and economic development and ecological protection. The simulation results can provide support for an in-depth analysis of land-use patterns and the trade-off between economic development and ecological environment protection.

Spatiotemporal analysis of land use pattern and stream water quality in southern Alberta, Canada

Alberta has over 70% of total irrigated land in Canada and 13 irrigation districts are mainly located along the rivers in southern Alberta. The runoff and irrigation return flow can carry excess nutrients, pesticides, and sediments, which adversely affect the river water quality. In the present study, the comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of land use pattern and stream water quality in southern Alberta was conducted. The water quality monitoring on the South Saskatchewan River watershed within Alberta showed that most water quality indicators did not significantly change between 2003 and 2017. Land use maps demonstrated significant urban expansion and cropland decline in the study area from 2005 to 2015, while the irrigation area increased. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that cropland, built-up land, and native grassland were three land use types that were positively correlated with water quality indicators. Stronger correlations between nitrogen concentration and built-up land were found in dry seasons compared with wet seasons. According to the results of cluster analysis, higher water quality indicator concentrations could be observed in groups with a higher proportion of cropland and built-up land. Significant relationships between land use patterns and water quality were found in this study, which demonstrated that further investigation is needed to identify the sources of water pollutants at a smaller scale.

Defining the Peri-Urban: A Multidimensional Characterization of Spatio-Temporal Land Use along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Highly dynamic peri-urban areas, particularly in the Global South, face many challenges including a lack of infrastructure, ownership conflicts, land degradation, and sustainable food production. This study aims to assess spatial land use characteristics and processes in peri-urban areas using the case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A mixed-method approach was applied, consisting of expert interviews and spatial data analysis, on a local scale along an urban–rural gradient. Expert interviews were conducted during a field study and analyzed regarding the characteristics and processes of peri-urban land development. A GIS-based analysis of land use patterns was applied using satellite imagery and Open Street Map data to identify a number of variables, such as building density and proximity to environmental features. Results show specific patterns of land use indicators, which can be decreasing (e.g., house density), increasing (e.g., tree coverage), static (e.g., house size), or randomly distributed (e.g., distance to river), along a peri-urban gradient. Key findings identify lack of service structures and access to public transport as major challenges for the population of peri-urban areas. The combination of qualitative expert interviews and metrics-based quantitative spatial pattern analysis contributes to improved understanding of the patterns and processes in peri-urban land use changes.

Risk Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures in Australian Rivers Discharging to the Great Barrier Reef.

Rivers discharging to the Great Barrier Reef carry complex pesticide mixtures. Here we present a first comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessment using species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), explore how risk changes with time and land use, and identify the drivers of mixture risks. The analyzed data set comprises 50 different pesticides and pesticide metabolites that were analyzed in 3741 samples from 18 river and creek catchments between 2011 and 2016. Pesticide mixtures were present in 82% of the samples, with a maximum of 23 pesticides and a median of five compounds per sample. Chemical-analytical techniques were insufficiently sensitive for at least seven pesticides (metsulfuron-methyl, terbutryn, imidacloprid, clothianidin, ametryn, prometryn, and thiamethoxam). The classical mixture concepts of concentration addition and independent action were applied to the pesticide SSDs, focusing on environmental threshold values protective for 95% of the species. Both concepts produced almost identical risk estimates. Mixture risk was therefore finally assessed using concentration addition, as the sum of the individual risk quotients. The sum of risk quotients ranges between 0.05 and 122 with a median of 0.66. An ecotoxicological risk (i.e., a sum of individual risk quotients exceeding 1) was indicated in 38.5% of the samples. Sixteen compounds accounted for 99% of the risk, with diuron, imidacloprid, atrazine, metolachlor, and hexazinone being the most important risk drivers. Analysis of land-use patterns in catchment areas showed an association between sugar cane farming and elevated risk levels, driven by the presence of diuron.

Analysis of Land Use Pattern and Determinants of Fallow Land Across Various Agro-climatic Zones of Madhya Pradesh

The study was undertaken to analyze the growth in different parameters of land use pattern and factors responsible for fallow land across various agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh. The secondary data were collected for the last 14 years (2000-01 to 2013-14) for the 11 agro-climatic zones which covered all the 51 districts of Madhya Pradesh. It was found that net area sown, gross cropped area and cropping intensity showed increasing and highly significant trend whereas declining and highly significant trend was observed in area under uncultivated land, cultivable wasteland, current fallow of most of the agro-climatic zones as well as state. It was also found that rainfall, gross irrigated area, and cropping intensity were the factors which significantly reduced the area under fallow lands in some of the agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh. Hence, it is important to bring the cultivable waste land and fallow land under cultivation to boost agricultural production.

Assessing the Potential to Increase Landscape Complexity in Canadian Prairie Croplands: A Multi-Scale Analysis of Land Use Pattern

Increasing natural vegetation in agricultural landscapes can create habitat for beneficial organisms such as pollinators and the natural enemies of crop pests. Adding perennial vegetation can also support biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation objectives. However, implementing such changes to agricultural land use across large geographic areas will require a strategic approach. This study examined the amount and distribution of uncultivated areas in Canadian prairie croplands, focusing on Alberta’s agricultural zone (226,543 km2). The aim was to identify locations in this region that have potential for increasing non-crop land cover within fields. This assessment was based on a multi-scale model of landscape complexity that described the distribution of land cover as a function of the distance from field centres. It is based on the assumption that the land cover in the field neighbourhood is an informative index of how much non-crop area might realistically be maintained or restored in the field itself; i.e., because neighbouring lands will reflect the local environmental conditions that support the growth and establishment of non-crop vegetation as well as the likelihood that crop growers will remove areas from production. The model identified variation across the region in land cover distribution, with regions at latitudes between 52oN and 55oN demonstrating the greatest contrasts in the amount of non-crop land between the field and the field neighbourhood scale. These findings suggest that there remains capacity for land use decision-makers to optimize the distribution of non-crop land covers in ways the reduce the differences between these scales (i.e., to increase non-crop covers within fields to better represent the neighbourhood proportions). Modelling also revealed scale-dependent patterns, such as field margins without crops (400 – 500 m from field centres) broadly distributed across the region, and evidence that gradients in moisture and temperature have interacted with land use decisions to shape the proximity of non-crop area to fields.

GIS based Temporal Analysis of Land use Pattern and its Impact - Proposed Gurgaon Manesar Urban Complex

GIS based Temporal Analysis of Land use Pattern and its Impact - Proposed Gurgaon Manesar Urban Complex

Comparative analysis of land-use pattern and socioeconomic status between shrimp- and rice- production areas in southwestern coastal Bangladesh: a land-use/cover change analysis over 30 years

The expansion of shrimp cultivation has changed the land-use pattern and had a negative effect on the coastal ecosystems of Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine how socioeconomic conditions have responded to the change in land-use patterns from rice to shrimp cultivation and vice versa. Satellite images were used to assess the land-use change over 30 years (1988–2017) in Khulna District. Paddy fields, the dominant land-use category (37.2% of total area) in 1988, declined continuously throughout this period to 8.8% in 2017. After 30 years, only 18% of the paddy fields present in 1988 remained, while others were converted to settlements/bare land, homestead gardens, and water bodies, which might be due to the expansion of shrimp cultivation. Therefore, two areas within Khulna, Tildanga and Kamarkhola, were compared to assess the responses to those changes. Primary data were collected by a structured questionnaire and soil testing. Shrimp cultivation was widely practiced in both areas from the 1980s until cyclone Aila hit in 2009. After 2009, 82% of the shrimp cultivators in Kamarkhola predominantly reverted to rice and other crop cultivation due to the decline in shrimp production. Their earnings were, on average, US$796 and US$125 to 3125 yr–1 household–1 from rice and other crop cultivation, respectively. In Tildanga, however, the earnings were, on average, US$531 from rice and US$1095 from shrimp, which is declining continuously.

Land-use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in Kilosa District, Tanzania

BackgroundUnderstanding of the land use and malaria transmission among farming communities in Tanzania is of great significance. Water resource development projects, deforestation, wetland cultivation, and land use changes for agricultural purposes all expand habitats for malaria-carrying mosquitoes. The main objective of this study was to assess land use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in two villages in Kilosa District, Tanzania.MethodsMultiple research methods were used for data collection, including household interviews using a structured questionnaire; key informant interviews; transect walks and direct field observations. A larval search was conducted using the dipper standard method whereby mosquito larvae and pupae were identified to genus level. Data analysis was undertaken using the Stata software version 10 and descriptive statistics were used.ResultsA total of 211 diverse mosquito breeding habitats were surveyed during this study. The mosquito breeding sites ranged from small areas such as hoof prints and coconut shells to large ones such as swamps created through anthropogenic activities. The relationships between land use patterns and malaria transmission were statistically insignificant, indicating that malaria transmission in Kilosa could possibly be due to other human activities, including seasonal movement to distant farms during farming seasons. Communities were knowledgeable about malaria preventive measures such as the use of mosquito nets. While knowledge that links mosquitoes and malaria was relatively high among respondents, knowledge related to mosquito ecology and breeding sites was generally low.ConclusionAlthough analysis of land use patterns did not show statistical significance in the study area, agricultural activities, brick making and settlement seem to be highly linked to malaria transmission. The association of land use patterns and malaria transmission is well observed in habitats created that harbour mosquitoes, and evidenced by presence of immature Anopheles mosquito larvae. Lack of knowledge of the epidemiology of transmission by the inhabitants is a major issue. Although it might be difficult to change land use patterns, as they are driven by economic necessity, future reduction of spread, through better education, is something that could be modified. In addition, more detailed studies are recommended to further confirm the linkages between land use/cover changes and malaria transmission in the study area.

Effect analysis of land-use pattern with landscape metrics on an urban heat island

In order to explore the effect of land uses on urban heat island (UHI), the correlation between land-use pattern and land surface temperature (LST) is quantitatively analyzed separately in the urban and suburban areas. In the case of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan city group of China, the LST is retrieved by the Landsat-5 TM image acquired on September 2009, and the land-use composition and configuration are described by five landscape metrics: the percentage of landscape, edge density, mean patch area, the mean Euclidean nearest-neighbor distance, and Shannon’s evenness index. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and an ordinary least squares multiple linear regression model are utilized to evaluate the correlation between each landscape metric and LST, respectively, and to select the optimal combination of landscape metrics to describe the LST at an optimal scale in the whole and the urban/suburban parts of the study area. According to the conclusions, it is suggested that, in order to restrain the aggravating UHI and its influence, all land uses should be reasonably distributed, and the proportion of critical land-use types should be optimized.

Evaluation of riparian condition of Songhua River by integration of remote sensing and field measurements

Riparian zone is crucial to the health of streams and their surrounding environment. Evaluation of riparian condition is essential to achieve and maintain good stream health, as well as to sustain ecological functions that riparian areas provide. This manuscript is aimed to evaluate riparian conditions of Songhua River, the fifth longest river in China, using physical structural integrality (PSI) values derived from remote sensing and validated by field measurements. The variation and clusters of PSI values were discriminated by the spatial statistics to quantify variation of riparian condition in each measurement section. Evaluation results derived from 13 measurement sections indicated that over 60% of the riparian zones have been disturbed by human activities. Analysis of land use patterns of riparian zone in the cold and hot spots found that land-use patterns had an important effect on riparian condition. The build-up and farmland areas had been the main human disturbances to the riparian condition, which were increased from 1976 to 2013. The low-low clusters (low PSI values with low neighbors) of PSI values can be implemented to identify the vulnerability of the riparian zone.

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Highly Polluted with Nitrate in an Agricultural Area of Hongseong, Korea

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater, in an area where widespread contamination by nitrate ( NO 3 − ) was anticipated, were studied using traditional geochemical investigation and multivariate statistical analysis. Widespread NO 3 − contamination as high as 67.2 mg/L as NO3–N was observed, and positively correlated with that for chemicals ( Cl − , major cations) with surface origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that three processes affected groundwater chemistry of the area: (1) leaching of pollutants from the ground surface; (2) reduction of NO 3 − in areas with low dissolved oxygen (DO); and (3) ingress of low NO 3 − deep groundwater. Five sample groups were identified from cluster analysis, and analysis of land use patterns around each group showed that fate and distribution of NO 3 − contamination were mainly controlled by surface topography and predominant land use type. The highest NO 3 − concentrations were associated with confined livestock feeding operations in hilly terrain areas, where infiltrating water also had high DO. Lower NO 3 − concentrations found in the lowland flat areas were thought to be due to either reducing conditions in rice paddies leading to N attenuation or drawing in of deep groundwater by pumping to meet agricultural needs during periods of low rainfall.

A GIS analysis of Early Bronze Age settlement patterns in Armenia

This paper presents an analysis of Early Bronze settlement patterns in the territory of Republic of Armenia, based on 128 sites, which have been mapped in GIS software. The analysis of land use pattern reveals that the establishments are from 500 m to 2200 m of altitude, during the all period of Kura–Araxes culture (∼3500–2500/2400 bce) and are distributed in six clusters. Three main types of establishments have been distinguished: the mound, the top of natural hill and the slope of hills or promontories. Some flat areas (Tsaghkahovit plain, Shirak plain, Masrik plain) lacked establishments during the Early Bronze Age but are flanked by establishments on the slope of hills or promontories. More than 70 sites have been dated based on 14C, pottery style, and stratigraphy. Comparison of two phases of Kura–Araxes culture does not reveal any land use or establishment type change, except its inter-regional organization with major sites surrounded by a few smaller sites during EB II, which raises the problem of the evolution of the regional organization of sites. Furthermore, the distribution of settlements and the natural resources (especially obsidian and copper) reveals a concentration of sites during EB II around the resources in northeast Armenia, and highlights the problem of economy and trade during the Early Bronze Age in Transcaucasia. These results also show the interest of interdisciplinary collaboration and the necessity to clarify the chronology of the Kura–Araxes culture, because of some problems which turn out only when we consider the different phases of Kura–Araxes culture separately.

Landscape diversity and the resilience of agricultural returns: a portfolio analysis of land-use patterns and economic returns from lowland agriculture

BackgroundConventional agriculture is increasingly based on highly specialized, highly productive farms. It has been suggested that 1) this specialization leads to farms that lack resilience to changing market and environmental conditions; and 2) that by decreasing agricultural diversity, the resilience of the farming system also decreases.MethodsWe used agricultural gross margin (GM) forecasts from 1966 to 2010 and remote sensing data from agricultural landscapes in the lowland UK, in conjunction with modern portfolio theory, to test the hypothesis that decreasing land-use diversity results in landscapes that provide higher, but more volatile, economic returns. We considered the role of spatial scale on the expected levels of volatility and resilience of agricultural returns.ResultsWe found that: 1) there was a strong linear trade-off between expected GMs and the expected volatility of those GMs in real lowland agricultural landscapes in the UK; 2) land-use diversification was negatively correlated with expected GMs from agriculture, and positively correlated with decreasing expected volatility in GMs; 3) the resilience of agricultural returns was positively correlated with the diversity of agricultural land use, and the resilience of agricultural returns rose quickly with increased land-holding size at small spatial extents, but this effect diminished after landholdings reached 12,000 hectares.ConclusionsLand-use diversity may have an important role in ensuring resilient agricultural returns in the face of uncertain market and environmental conditions, and land-holding size plays a pivotal role in determining the relationships between resilience and returns at a landscape scale. Creating finer-grained land-use patterns based on pre-existing local land uses may increase the resilience of individual farms, while maintaining aggregate yield across landscapes.

Assessing the impact of alternative land-use zoning policies on future ecosystem services

Land use conversions rank among the most significant drivers of change in ecosystem services worldwide, affecting human wellbeing and threatening the survival of other species. Hence, predicting the effects of land use decisions on ecosystem services has emerged as a crucial need in spatial planning, and in the associated Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) practice. The paper presents a case-study research aimed at empirically exploring how the implementation of different land-use zoning policies affect the future provision of a set of ecosystem services (water purification, soil conservation, habitat for species, carbon sequestration and timber production). The study area is located in The Araucanía, one of Chile's Administrative Regions. The first part of the methods consisted in the construction of land-use scenarios associated to different policies. Subsequently, the effects of the land-use scenarios on the provision of the selected ecosystem services were assessed in a spatially explicit way, by using modeling tools. Finally, a set of metrics was developed to compare scenarios, and trade-offs in the provision of different ecosystem services were made explicit through trade-off curves. The results indicate that, for this case study, spatial configuration of land uses is as an important factor as their size. This suggests that the analysis of land-use patterns deserves attention, and that this information should be included in scenario exercises aimed to support spatial planning. The paper concludes by discussing the potential contribution of the approach to support SEA of spatial plans.

An analysis of land use pattern in the industrial development city using high resolution satellite imagery

The spatial differentiation of land use changes of Tuticorin is studied using high resolution LISS III satellite imagery and Maximum Likelihood algorithms. The classification accuracy of 95.2% was obtained. In this study, the land use of Tuticorin is classified as settlement, salt pan, agricultural land, wasteland, water bodies and shrubs. The settlement area is increased to 4.6 km2 during the year 2001 and 2006. The settlement area change is mainly driven by growth of industries and migration of people from peripheral villages. Shrub is increased to 3.63 km2 in the six year period. Water logging due to growth of shrubs in Tuticorin leads to several environmental and health hazard. This study warrants proper urban planning for Tuticorin for sustainable use of resource and environment.

Multifractal analysis of land use pattern in space and time: A case study in the Loess Plateau of China

Quantifying patterns of great spatial and temporal complexities are a daunting task for landscape ecologists. Multifractals, with which more detailed information can be obtained from a distribution than mono-fractal does, is especially suited to the description of complex patterns. In our paper, three sites (256 × 256 cells per site, 100 m per cell) from the upper, middle and lower reaches of Yanhe watershed in the Loess Plateau were selected to test the scaling properties of agricultural landscape patterns in 1980, 2000 and 2006 using multifractal Rényi dimensions analysis. We found that: (1) the distributions of cropland, grassland and woodland patterns are multiscaling over nearly four orders of magnitude in scale, whereas water bodies and residential areas are not multifractally distributed, which may result from the resolution of Landsat TM remote sensing images; (2) spatially, the multifractal techniques are capable to uncover subtle differences in land use patterns between different reaches of the watershed that could correspond to their distinct, underlying abiotic and biotic processes; and (3) temporally, the multifractal spectra demonstrate little difference between 1980 and 2000 but a sharp change in 2006, the former depicting the land use patterns in an equilibrium state and the latter the effect of government policies such as large-scale eco-environment conservation programmes starting in the late 20th century. The fact that scaling behaviors exist across a heterogeneous landscape suggests that there may be some simple mechanism that governs agricultural landscape change. Further work on this problem may improve our understanding of the mechanism and enhance our capability to more effectively manage land use.

도시 지표면 온도분포 특성 및 열섬완화방안

The purpose of this research was to three-criteria landuse-pattern, developing density, NDVI which were related to the heat island and find the distribution characteristic of urban surface temperature and urban heat island effects. The results of this study were as follows. According to the analysis of surface temperatures, the first grade was the outside-city like a mountain and its temperature was less than <TEX>$12.18^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The fifth grade was the downtown industrial area and its temperature was more than <TEX>$23.54^{\circ}C$</TEX>. It means Daegu-Metropolitan-City has the serious heat-island effect. the results of landuse pattern analysis, in case of fifth and forth grade, city area was occupied over 90% with residential, commercial and industrial areas, but in case of third grade, openspace was occupied over 70%. The results of developing density analysis, the temperature had high correlation with building ratio, road ratio, vegetation ratio and etc. To plan for the decrease of heat island effect needed the extension of green space, decrease of paving, but there was a limit to get the objective method for grade classification because of lacking in the basic data, the research of criteria will be accomplished continuously.