Analysis Of Electromagnetic Structures Research Articles

A High-Quality Data Acquisition Method for Machine-Learning-Based Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Structures

Electromagnetic (EM) structures play a significant role in wireless communication, radar detection, medical imaging, and so on. Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly applied to facilitate the design and analysis of EM structures. Data acquisition is a major bottleneck. Conventional methods blindly sweep geometric parameters on a uniform grid and acquire corresponding responses via simulation. Acquired data have unstable quality due to inconsistent informativeness of responses, leading to a low ratio of model performance to data amount. This article proposes a high-quality data acquisition method to increase the ratio of model performance to data amount. It anticipates and generates high-quality data by analyzing the distribution of existing data iteratively. Comparative analysis of four implementations proves that the proposed method reduces the required data amount by around 40% for the same model performance and hence saves around 40% simulation and computing resources. The proposed method benefits ML applications of metasurfaces, antennas, and many other microwave structures.

Design Space and Frequency Extrapolation: Using Neural Networks

With the tremendous growth of the semiconductor industry, compute power and memory have become cheap and accessible. One interesting outcome of this growth has been the adoption of machine learning (ML) in several fields traditionally dominated by physics and mathematics [1]-[9]. Solving electrically large systems by analyzing their electromagnetic (EM), thermal, and mechanical behavior can be a time- and memory-intensive process. But, as is well known today, such analyses become inevitable with 1) the increase in operating frequencies, 2) the scaling in system and device size, and 3) the hybrid nature of different components packaged in close proximity. As system complexity increases, design cycles become longer since each product iteration requires the multivariable analysis of EM structures. Contemporary examples of such complexity are millimeter-wave (mmwave) systems, where multiple chiplets and microwave components are integrated on a single substrate or package [10], [11].

Investigation on Electromagnetic Properties of PLA/Carbon/Copper Antennas for Breast Cancer Detection

Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women in the globe. Microwave imaging has low power and longer wavelength signals to receive information about breast tissues and guarantees a safer and more accurate modality for regular breast control. So, the antenna is a crucial element in the microwave imaging system. This study involves analysis of the simulation results of the linear and planar microstrip array antennas in terms of high gain. In the series antenna design stage, the antenna models with high gain and directional radiation are aimed. 1x4 and 2x2 array antenna models are prepared with PLA/Carbon insulating material. Array antennas, three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic structure analysis are designed using the CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio program. In the design phase, the transmission line losses of the array antennas are tried to be optimized by using T-junction and Wilkinson power divider techniques and impedance matching is realized. Also, the redundant areas in the turns are removed to minimize the undesirable reflections in the transmission line and to reduce the capacitive loading. Since the 1x4 array antenna performs better than the 2x2 array antenna, it was preferred for breast cancer simulation.

Electromagnetic-structural analysis and improved loose coupling method in electromagnetic forming process

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-velocity forming technology, which can effectively overcome the difficulties in the light-weight alloy processing. At present, the loose coupling model or the sequential coupling model is used to analyze the electromagnetic-structural coupling process in EMF, but the simulation results cannot clarify the relationship between the electromagnetic parameters and structural parameters. In this paper, the loose coupling model, the displacement model, the velocity model, and the complete coupling model are simultaneously established to analyze the effect of the displacement and motional electromotive force on the forming velocity in the EMF process. The results show that the forming velocity is slightly affected by the workpiece displacement but mainly dominated by the motional electromotive force when the forming speed is smaller than 100 m/s. When the forming velocity is larger than 200 m/s, both the workpiece displacement and the motional electromotive force affect the forming velocity. Based on this analysis, an improved loose coupling method is proposed in this paper. The experiments of electromagnetic forming have been done at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC), China. The results show that the maximum deformation at the workpiece center of the experiments, the loose coupling model, and the improved loose coupling model is 25.5, 38.3, and 25.2 mm respectively. Our studies show that the workpiece deformation profile obtained by the improved loose coupling method matches well with the experiment because it takes both the workpiece displacement and the motional electromotive force into consideration.

Continuously Inhomogeneous Higher Order Finite Elements for 3-D Electromagnetic Analysis

A novel higher order entire-domain finite element technique is presented for accurate and efficient full-wave three-dimensional (3D) analysis of electromagnetic structures with continuously inhomogeneous material regions, using large generalized curved hierarchical curl-conforming hexahedral vector finite elements that allow continuous change of medium parameters throughout their volumes. This is the first general 3D implementation and numerical demonstration of the inherent theoretical ability of the finite element method (FEM) to directly treat arbitrarily (continuously) inhomogeneous materials. The results demonstrate considerable reductions in both number of unknowns and computation time of the entire-domain FEM modeling of continuously inhomogeneous materials over piecewise homogeneous models. They indicate that, in addition to theoretical relevance and interest, large curved higher order continuous-FEM elements also have great potential for practical applications that include structures with pronounced material inhomogeneities and complexities.

Finite element analysis of linear boundary value problems with geometrical parameters

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enable fast finite element (FE) analysis of electromagnetic structures with multiple geometric design variables.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed methodology combines multi‐variable model‐order reduction with mesh perturbation techniques and polynomial interpolation of parameter‐dependent FE matrices.FindingsThe resulting reduced‐order models are of comparable accuracy as but much smaller size than the original FE systems and preserve important system properties such as reciprocity.Research limitations/implicationsThe method is limited to mesh variations that are obtained from a nominal discretization by continuous deformation. Topological changes in the mesh are not permissible.Practical implicationsIn contrast to the underlying FE models, the resulting reduced‐order systems are very cheap to analyze. Possible applications include parametric libraries, design optimization, and real‐time control.Originality/valueThe paper extends the scope of moment‐matching order‐reduction techniques to a class of non‐polynomial systems arising from FE models with geometric parameters.

Coupled field and circuit analysis considering the electromagnetic device motion

This paper deals with a simultaneous analysis of electromagnetic structures, represented by 2D finite elements, connected to their feeding circuit. As the main contribution, the electromagnetic device motion is taken into account. The proposed methodology is based on the sequential resolution of circuit, field and mechanical equations. The circuit equations are determined automatically during the simulation.

Coupled electromagnetic structural analysis of a DC magnet for a MHD power generator

A coupled electromagnetic and nonlinear structural analysis of a 4.5 tesla superconducting MHD dipole magnet is presented. The magnet design combines the latest in cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) technology, a novel quasi-momentless support configuration, and finite element modeling to demonstrate the viability of this retrofit magnet concept. With the conductor participating as a major structural element, the support system is greatly simplified, and the overall cost and risk of the magnet system is reduced. Two and three-dimensional models are used to evaluate the concept and demonstrate how the full simulation is accomplished in one ANSYS computer run. >