Analysis Of Climatic Conditions Research Articles

Study of drought and heat resistance in fruit crop varieties under changing climate conditions (on the example of sweet cherry in Krasnodar Krai)

An important area for improving the effectiveness of agri-food systems under stress conditions is the selection of highly drought- and heat-resistant varieties. The present study aims to develop new approaches to the evaluation of these characteristics, taking into account the ability of varieties to successfully pass through the stages of fruit bud differentiation at high summer temperatures, without their development being suppressed. An analysis of climatic conditions in the Kuban horticultural zone of Krasnodar Krai for 1989–2022 revealed the occurrences of temperatures above +30...+35 C that suppress fruit bud differentiation in fruit crops, thus indicating the need for new data on the stress response of varieties. The variability structure of drought resistance indicators was studied using data for three years (2019, 2021, and 2022): tissue water content and leaf water-holding capacity in sweet cherry varieties grafted on VSL-2, including those bred by an institute (‘Slavyanka’, ‘Kavkazskaya’, ‘Kavkazskaya Uluchshennaya’, ‘Volshebnitsa’, and ‘Alaya’). Their high dependence on seasonal conditions was established. The effect of high temperatures on fruitbud differentiation in cherry varieties was evaluated. The adaptability of plants and varieties to the lack of moisture and high summer temperatures was noted to be inextricably linked. The focus was on a comprehensive approach to evaluating drought and heat resistance in the selection of the best sweet cherry forms that are able to develop normally and set fruitbuds at high temperatures. The latter characteristic should be taken into account when entering varieties into the State Register of Breeding Plantations to establish the possible cultivation limits of the proposed plants and to create new varieties having a higher resistance to temperature stresses. Drought and heat resistant sweet cherry genotypes capable of tolerating summer stresses and regularly yielding crops were identified. The following varieties were found to be resistant to high temperatures: early ripening period – ‘Kavkazskaya’ and ‘Slavyanka’; average ripening period – ‘Volshebnitsa’, ‘Kosmicheskaya’, and ‘Summit’; late ripening period – ‘Alaya’ and low-growing clone of ‘Drogana Zheltaya’.

Analysis of Climate Conditions upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics‐Powered Vehicles

The development of the vehicles powered by photovoltaic (PV) is desirable and very important for reducing CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long‐distance driving of vehicle‐integrated PV (VIPV)‐powered vehicles without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV‐powered vehicles is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and outside temperature, and the power consumption of the air conditioners. In this article, analytical results for system efficiency of VIPV‐powered vehicles and the effects of usage of air conditioner are presented by using power losses estimated from the electric mileage by using the driving distance data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high‐efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs three‐junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The potential of VIPV‐powered vehicles to be deployed in major cities in Japan and the world is also analyzed. Mild weather cities such as Miyazaki in Japan and Sydney in Australia are thought to have longer driving range even under usage of air conditioners. The other power losses for the VIPV such as temperature rise of VIPV modules and partial shading estimate the previous data and some reference as well as effects of usage of air‐conditioners are also discussed in this article.

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON PROFITABILITY OF APPLE PRODUCTION UNDER REPLANTATION CONDITIONS AND CROP ROTATION

The production of apples is conditioned by many environmental and economic factors, including the cultivated variety, the condition of the plants, the stress factors, demand, supply, costs incurred, prices of fruit and means of production. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of climatic conditions on the profitability of production of apple trees of the Najdared cultivar. Between 2015 and 2017 an experiment was conducted on apple trees growing on replantation soil and on crop rotation soil in Wielkopolska Region. The analysis of climatic conditions indicated significant differences in air temperatures and precipitation in particular years. When analysing the profitability of the production of apples, it was found that significantly more favourable financial results are obtained on the soil after crop rotation compared to the production on replanted soil. Moreover, the decrease in the profitability of apple production of the trees grown on the replantation soil, especially during unfavourable weather conditions, was greater than the trees grown at the crop rotation soil. On the basis of the research, it was found that in the future, sustainable cultivation of apple trees should be carried out on sites after crop rotation.

The effect of different climatic conditions on the decomposition of wood by fungi and the interaction between fungal populations

This article mainly explores the process of decomposing wood that simulates the fungal community. Under the conditions of a given environmental temperature and humidity, the relationship between the decomposition rate of the fungus and the growth rate, moisture resistance, environmental temperature and humidity of the fungus is obtained. In the Logstic model, a competitive resistance term was introduced to describe the interaction between fungal communities. In the end, we get: The interaction between communities will mainly make the community evolve in two directions: multiple populations coexist and a single species survives. Community evolution is more sensitive to changes in humidity, while changes in temperature have a significant impact on the decomposition rate of fungal communities.. And through the analysis of climatic conditions in different regions, it is obtained that the fungal community prefers warm and humid environments. The diversity of the population causes the fungus community to have stronger resistance and resilience. The slow growth rate of the fungus will make the community more adaptable, and it also leads to the reduction of the overall decomposition efficiency of the community.

Fungal and Bacterial Biodeterioration of Outdoor Canvas Paintings: The Case of the Cloisters of Quito, Ecuador

The historic center of Quito, Ecuador, was one of the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO in 1978. There are numerous religious buildings built during the Spanish colonial period reflecting the cultural heritage in this area. Between them, the cloisters of San Francisco, Santo Domingo, and Santa Clara should be highlighted. The specific problems of conservation of the outdoor canvas paintings are not well known at the moment. The objective of this paper is to achieve a conservation study of the canvas paintings exhibited in these three cloisters of the historic center of Quito in order to identify the microbial agents and the main bioclimatic parameters of deterioration. For this, a study of the state of conservation of five canvas paintings has been carried out, as well as a sampling and identification of the main microorganisms present on the obverse and reverse of the works, employing diverse techniques, traditional and biomolecular ones. An analysis of climatic conditions has also been achieved in the cloister of San Francisco. The results of the study indicate that the exhibition conditions in the cloisters are really problematic for the conservation of paintings. Important biodeteriorating agents have been isolated, including fungi and bacteria species belonging, among others, to the genera Bacillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, and Aspergillus. We have also researched its relationship with the deterioration state of the artworks and the exhibition conditions in each case, proposing guidelines for the proper conservation of this important World Cultural Heritage.

Analysis of Climatic Conditions in the Republic of Kalmykia for 1966–2017

The study is based on an analysis of the dynamics of the air temperature, the precipitation, and the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov for the period of 1966–2017 based on data from the Yashkul meteorological station (Republic of Kalmykia). The construction and analysis of difference integral curves made it possible to identify periods with increased (in comparison with the average) and reduced values of the studied quantities. A conclusion is drawn about the leading role of precipitation in the formation of hydrothermal conditions of the territory for the studied time interval and with humid warming.

Prospects of the development of the solar energy industry on the territory of the former water area of the Aral Sea

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects of the development of the solar energy industry in the Aral Sea region. The main purpose of the article is to identify key conditions conducive to the development of solar energy in the Aral Sea region, to assess the expected energy production by power plants located in this territory. This article is based on a set of research methods: analytical, statistical, comparative, which allowed assessing the potential energy production by solar panels. Also, the Methodology for calculating the water balance of water bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation was used for the calculations presented in the article. The authors obtained the following results: analysis of climatic conditions and solar radiation indices made it possible to conclude that this region is characterized by a high potential for the development of solar energy, the presence of extensive mineral resources allows to form a high-tech cluster of the energy industry in the region. The development of solar energy in the territory of the former Aral Sea will have a complex positive impact on the economy, the social sphere and the environment of the Aral Sea region. The result of the implementation of projects is the creation of new jobs, attracting investment in the Aral Sea regions. The research results can be used in the development of regional and local investment promotion programs in the field of renewable energy.

Analiza normativa klimatskih uslova u rudnicima sa podzemnom eksploatacijom u svetlu zakonske regulative Republike Srbije

Analiza normativa klimatskih uslova u rudnicima sa podzemnom eksploatacijom u svetlu zakonske regulative Republike Srbije

Analysis of the requrements for installing photovoltaic systems in order to achieve improved performances: Case study of the City of Nis

The use of renewable energies is imperative nowadays. One of the ways to use clean technologies is installation of photovoltaic systems which convert solar energy into electricity, through solar plants. The country?s potential for usage of solar energy is determined by the analysis of climatic conditions. The research is conducted on the example of a small-scale solar plant - a pilot project installed in the city of Nis, concerning the analysis of the mounted system and giving the recommendations for their design with the aim of improving efficient energy use. Limitations in the installation of solar plants can occur in the case of an unfavorable position of the building where the installation is planned, and more often, the limitations are related to the investment costs and length of the repayment period of these kinds of technologies. This paper represents a promotion of sustainable electricity supply for our country and it is in correlation with the legal directives of using renewable energies.

Determination of Suitable Binder Grade According to the Superpave Mix Design Method for Southern Russia

The article contains an overview of Russian and foreign standard documents used for organic binder quality evaluation, the description of the main principles of organic binders selection for asphalt mixes according to the Superpave Mix Design Method, the analysis of climatic conditions of the Southern region of the Russian Federation impacting the performance of Highway M-4 Don asphalt concrete pavements, and selects suitable binder grades for Southern Russia depending on maintenance conditions.

Potential and limitations of local tree ring records in estimating a priori the growth performance of short-rotation coppice plantations

As bioenergy plantations are a relatively new phenomenon, long-term experimental data on their productivity and tolerance to environmental stress that provides a robust framework for site selection and potential productivity assessment is still lacking. To address this need, we developed a method to correlate the productivity of bioenergy plantations with local climate using tree-ring chronologies. Tree-ring width from 37 Populus nigra (age > 115 y) and 368 poplar hybrid (Populus nigra × Populus maximowiczii) (9–12 y) individuals were collected and analyzed at demonstration sites in the Czech Republic. The growth of mature, naturally grown solitary native trees and young congeneric hybrids grown in high density (∼10,000 ha−1) showed statistically significant correlations (r = 0.71, p < 0.05). Further, we found significant (p < 0.05) and consistent growth responses to changes in key seasonal climatic parameters (e.g., mean air temperature, number of dry days or cumulative heat sum (degree-days) during the growing season) for both natives and their hybrids. The analysis of climate conditions and the tree-ring records revealed a gradual change of climatic conditions since the 1930s, positively affecting poplar growth and indicated that longer rather than shorter harvest cycles are preferable to ensure stable yields at our experimental site.

Deviation of the effective heat sum from the normal annual value as an assessment of climatic conditions of the vegetation period in the apple

This paper proposes a new method for assessing the climatic conditions of the vegetation period in the apple, which can be used not only to characterize current-year climate conditions but also to forecast the quality of fruit during harvesting and their subsequent storage. To make a more detailed analysis of climatic conditions in the vegetation period, the effective heat sum is calculated for each month decade. The difference between the effective heat sum and normal annual temperature value or deviation from the average value is determined.

에너지 자립섬을 위한 신재생복합발전시스템의 최적용량 설계에 관한 연구

The recent trend is that diesel power generation on islands where its prime cost for power generation is high is replaced by new and renewable energy. Therefore, south Jeolla province is progressing the construction project of self-sufficient islands for the areas where power is supplied by depending on diesel generators, which is the project that power is supplied through eco-friendly energy source using sunlight, wind power and energy storage device etc. However, it is difficult to construct new and renewable energy source with the capacity to respond to the load perfectly due to its environmental and geographical conditions regarding capacity design of new and renewable energy. Besides, Microgrid design considering appropriate capacity design of the system components and efficient operation is required through the analysis of climate conditions and load patterns from the design stage for optimal composition of a hybrid system with economic feasibility. Therefore, this study is aimed to conduct a research on optimal combination, capacity calculation and economic feasibility by comprising a hybrid power generation system which will replace 40% of power generation by diesel as new and renewable energy source for Geomun Island where has more than 300 households and requires expansion of the facility among islands located in southwest coast.

European glacial relict snails and plants: environmental context of their modern refugial occurrence in southern Siberia

Knowledge of present‐day communities and ecosystems resembling those reconstructed from the fossil record can help improve our understanding of historical distribution patterns and species composition of past communities. Here, we use a unique data set of 570 plots explored for vascular plant and 315 for land‐snail assemblages located along a 650‐km‐long transect running across a steep climatic gradient in the Russian Altai Mountains and their foothills in southern Siberia. We analysed climatic and habitat requirements of modern populations for eight land‐snail and 16 vascular plant species that are considered characteristic of the full‐glacial environment of central Europe based on (i) fossil evidence from loess deposits (snails) or (ii) refugial patterns of their modern distributions (plants). The analysis yielded consistent predictions of the full‐glacial central European climate derived from both snail and plant populations. We found that the distribution of these 24 species was limited to the areas with mean annual temperature varying from −6.7 to 3.4 °C (median −2.5 °C) and with total annual precipitation varying from 137 to 593 mm (median 283 mm). In both groups there were species limited to areas with colder and drier macroclimates (e.g. snails Columella columella and Pupilla loessica, and plants Kobresia myosuroides and Krascheninnikovia ceratoides), whereas other species preferred areas with relatively warmer and/or moister macroclimates (e.g. snails Pupilla turcmenica and P. alpicola, and plants Artemisia laciniata and Carex capillaris). Analysis of climatic conditions also indicated that distributional shifts of the studied species during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition were closely related to their climatic tolerances. Our results suggest that the habitat requirements of southern Siberian populations can provide realistic insights into the reconstruction of Eurasian, especially central European, glacial environments. Data obtained from modern populations also highlight the importance of wet habitats as refugia in the generally dry full‐glacial landscape.

The Number of Albatross (Diomedeidae) Species

The basis of the widespread practice of recent years to recognise 23 or 24 species of albatross is critically ex- amined. In large part this can be traced back to an analysis which split the traditional species of albatross on the basis of theoretical fiat: the embrace of the narrow Phylogenetic Species Concept. The role of conservation concerns in albatross taxonomy is examined and rejected. Claims that introgression is likely to explain the low cytochrome-b distance found be- tween many new albatross species are rejected. An analysis of climatic conditions at albatross breeding colonies can ex- plain plumage differences in the ontogeny of albatross taxa, and plumage colouration can be related to differing environ- mental pressures. It is concluded that the variation among taxa within albatross taxa is ecophenotypic. Finally, it is sug- gested that a plausible mechanism for such variation can be found in epigenetics.

Spread of walnut ( Juglans regia L.) in an Alpine valley is correlated with climate warming

Since the Roman time, the walnut tree ( Juglans regia L.) has been cultivated in gardens and orchards in large parts of Europe, but only since Karl The Great (742–814) the walnut tree has been introduced to Tyrol (Austria) and other Alpine regions in Central Europe. As late as the beginning of the 20th century no wild populations but only cultivated trees are reported for inner Alpine valleys of Tyrol. Recently, however a striking increase of growing sites and individuals of J. regia has been detected within the Inn valley and other inner Alpine valleys of the Eastern Alps. In addition, climate warming, specifically milder winters since 1970 have been recorded within the study area (Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria). Therefore, a dendroecological study at four study sites in surroundings of Innsbruck dominated by Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and/or Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests was initiated to examine more closely, if influence of climate warming favoured spread of this deciduous tree. Together, the four study sites encompassed 30 ha, where in total 651 J. regia trees were analysed. Mapping of trees indicated that >90% grew on south and south-west-facing slopes. Evaluation of the age structure revealed that >48% of the analysed J. regia trees were younger than 10 years, >72% younger than 20 years and >92% younger than 30 years. Analysis of climate conditions in years of germination revealed a striking correspondence between the number of germinated trees and winter (December–February) minimum temperatures ( r = 0.43 ; p < 0.01 ) and the number of frost days (December–February) <−5 °C ( r = 0.40 ; p < 0.01 ), which can be related to frost sensitivity during seedling stage. In summary, results of this study provide evidence that climate warming after 1970 favoured establishment of J. regia within this inner Alpine valley.

Influence of climate on radial growth of Pinus cembra within the alpine timberline ecotone.

Radial growth variability and response to interannual climate variation of Cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.) were studied in the timberline ecotone on Mt. Patscherkofel (2246 m a.s.l.). The study area, which is in the inner alpine dry region of the Central Austrian Alps, is characterized by a continental climate with minimum precipitation in winter (about 150 mm during December-February) and frequent occurrence of warm dry winds (Föhn) in early spring. The hypothesis that spatial and temporal variability of radial growth is caused by site-related differences in sensitivity to winter stress (i.e., desiccation) was examined by applying dendroclimatological techniques. Ordination methods applied to tree ring time series revealed that spatial variability in radial growth is influenced by the local site factors elevation and slope aspect. Growth-climate relationships were explored using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Radial growth at the timberline was positively correlated with temperature in July and was also strongly correlated with mild temperatures in the previous autumn and high precipitation in winter (January-March). At the tree line, temperatures in the previous autumn and precipitation in late winter (March) also controlled radial growth, whereas July temperature was not significantly correlated with ring width. Because previous autumn temperature and winter precipitation were the main growth-determining factors at the timberline and the tree line, and both of these climate variables are known to influence susceptibility of trees to winter stress, the results support the working hypothesis. Analysis of climatic conditions in extreme growth years confirmed the high sensitivity of tree ring growth to precipitation in late winter (March) at the tree line plots. Furthermore, extent of growth reduction and release varied spatially and temporarily, with south- and west-facing stands showing a higher sensitivity to climate variation in the most recent decade (1990s) than the north-facing stand. This aspect-related change in sensitivity to climate may be associated with effects of climate warming on cambial activity.

THERMAL CONDITIONS OF ROAD PAVEMENTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MOTOR TRAFFIC

The article presents the analysis of climatic conditions in the Republic of Lithuania and describes their influence on road asphalt concrete pavement. Dependence of the main properties of asphalt concrete mixtures on tempera~re is described with the help of carried out experiments. Research findings show that the probability of plastic defomations (rutting and corrugation) in asphalt concrete pavement is higher when the pavement temperature IS 20-40 C. Ptactical application of the presented conclusions and recommendations will enable to reduce the occurrence of undesirable deformations in asphalt concrete pavements and to improve traffic conditions on the roads.