Analysis Of Accident Cases Research Articles

Failure analysis of the rotating shaft in the rail grinding car

Rail grinders belonging to special vehicles have fewer accidents than general railroad vehicles and parts, and the causes are diverse. Therefore, there is a lack of basic data for inspection methods and preventative measures necessary for accident prevention, and the collection and analysis of accident cases are also necessary. In this paper, a failure analysis of the recently derailed rail grinding car's rotating shaft was conducted. Various analyses, including fractography, chemical analysis, metallography and hardness measurement, were performed on the failed shaft. In the fracture surface of the shaft, ratchet marks and fatigue striations indicative of fatigue failure were observed. Consequently, it was confirmed that the failure of the shaft was attributed to fatigue, with the primary cause being identified as the cracks found on the fillet area surface. Chemical analysis of the observed inclusions in the sample revealed manganese (Mn) at 6.16 wt% and sulfur (S) at 1.35 wt%. These are attributed to non-metallic MnS inclusions, which are presumed to have adversely affected the fatigue strength of the material. Additionally, hardness deficiency due to heat treatment defects on the shaft surface was identified. The surface hardness measured approximately HV400, suggesting that it is desirable to achieve a surface hardness of HV600 or HRC55 or higher during high-frequency heat treatment. Lastly, the finish state of the fillet area surface was not smooth. Given that the fillet area is a region where stress concentration occurs, the presence of such machining traces raises the possibility of progressing into fatigue cracks. Finite element analysis revealed that the von-Mises stress was less than the yield strength of the material, and a safety factor based on the yield strength was calculated to be 3.5. The results confirmed that fatigue cracks in the fillet area were caused by the hardness deficiency due to the poor heat treatment, the rough surface finish, and the presence of non-metallic inclusions.

Analysis of accident risk factors in chemical industry based on ISM-BN

The chemical industry involves the production, storage, and use of many flammable, explosive, toxic, and other hazardous chemicals. Once an accident occurs, it will cause serious harm to human and economic activities. In order to prevent chemical accidents, this paper combines Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Bayesian network (BN) to quantitatively study the relationship and interaction strength among accident risk factors in chemical industry. Through the analysis of accident cases and questionnaire survey, 21 accident risk factors in chemical industry are selected. According to the decision of experts, the influence relationship between risk factors is determined, and a multi-level directed graph of ISM is obtained. And the ISM model is transformed into a quantitative BN model. The BN model is applied to forward reasoning, sensitivity analysis, and reverse reasoning. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between various risk factors and chemical accidents, and the supervision mechanism has the highest probability of occurrence in production activities. Illegal operation has the highest sensitivity and the greatest impact on chemical accidents. Inherent hazards of materials and products is the most likely cause of accidents. Based on the research results, feasible measures have been proposed to improve safety management in the chemical industry.

현장 적용성 강화를 위한 누액감지기 설치 기준 적정성 검토 및 위치 선정 로직트리에 관한 연구

In workplaces handling hazardous chemicals, detection facilities are installed in accordance with attached Table 5 of the Arrangement, Installation, and Management Standards for Handling Facilities, Article 21 of the Enforcement Rules of the Chemical Substances Control Act, but there is no separate installation standards for leakage detectors. Accordingly, this study aims to review the adequacy of the standards set in the notice and lay the foundation for scientific detection facility installation standards. In the research process, the concept of detection was defined, and the problem of installing detection facilities through the analysis of civil complaints from the National Institute of Chemical Safety and the number of accidents by appeareance was confirmed through the analysis of accident cases. Afterwards, the adequacy of the leakage detector installation standards was reviewed through empirical experiments, calculation formulas, and modeling, and the detection facility installation standards were proposed through logic tree and leakage detector installation location selection standards. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the number of accidents for liquid substances was about twice as high as for gas substances. As a result of comparing experiments, calculations, and modeling, all three methods showed similar result values, and showed differences according to the slope. After that, the installation location was differentiated according to the place and the presence or absence of the dike by preparing detection facility installation standards using modeling, and the installation standards were proposed by writing it as a Logic tree. If the standards are revised using the results of this study, it is expected to help selecting detection facilities with high field applicability and locations appropriate for the phase, process condition, and environment of hazardous chemicals used in the workplaces.

Cognitive Bias Observed in Analysis of Accident Cases

Cognitive Bias Observed in Analysis of Accident Cases

Determinants associated with the incidence of occupational accidents among visiting nurses from home-visit nursing agencies: Secondary analysis of cross-national survey data in Japan.

This study aimed to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among home-visiting nurses from home-visit nursing agencies and relevant factors. Data from a questionnaire survey, conducted in March 2020, concerning home-visit nursing agencies were used as a secondary source. A total of 9979 agencies were surveyed. The questionnaires included items relating to the number of occupational accidents experienced by visiting nurses that occurred during a 3-month period. The occurrence of accidents in an agency was set as a dependent variable, and logistic regression analysis was performed on its association with agency attributes. For agencies in which accidents occurred, the number of accidents per 10 full-time-equivalent nurses was estimated, and multiple regression analysis was administered to investigate its association with agency attributes. The findings of the logistic regression analysis revealed that new agencies, a greater number of full-time-equivalent nurses, emergency visitation support, and performing an analysis of accident cases for accident prevention were significantly associated with the occurrence of accidents. A median of 3.3 accidents occurred per 10 full-time-equivalent nurses at such agencies. Multiple regression analysis showed that a lower number of full-time-equivalent nurses was significantly associated with an increase in the frequency of accidents. These results suggest that to devise and deploy safety measures for visiting nurses, all home-visit nursing agencies must build reporting and analysis systems for occupational accidents among home-visiting nurses. Moreover, ensuring safety measures for nurses working in small-scale agencies is of utmost importance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 588-596.

A Hazard Identification Approach of Integrating 4D BIM and Accident Case Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Exposure

Construction sites are considered as complicated work environments. Various concurrent activities may overlap apropos to time and workspace, predisposing them to spatial–temporal exposure and repetitive accidents. Detecting the characteristics of repetitive accidents before the construction stage contributes to prevent injuries and fatalities caused by spatial—temporal conditions at construction job sites. To resolve this problem, this study proposes a novel hazard identification approach through spatial–temporal exposure analysis called HISTEA, which integrated scenario analysis of accident cases into 4D building information modeling (BIM). The proposed approach consists of three modules: (1) spatial–temporal hazard investigation (SHI) to analyze the accident cases and develop the hazard database of the spatial–temporal overlap condition of pair-wise activities; (2) spatial–temporal condition identification (SCI) to determine the conflict among different activities, considering the workspace and time overlap from the 4D BIM model; and (3) safety information integration (SII) to deliver safety knowledge to the project team through a web-based application. To illustrate and validate this approach, a HISTEA prototype for foundation work has been developed to be used at the pre-construction stage. The developed prototype is based on the analysis of 496 accident reports extracted from the integrated management information system (IMIS) of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for the SHI module database. The proposed approach is expected to proactively aid project teams in detecting hazards that ultimately reduce repetitive accidents caused by overlapping activities.

Construction of risk evaluation index system of housing construction project based on PSR theory

In order to enhance the comprehensiveness and rationality of the construction risk assessment index system construction project, this paper divides the risk assessment unit according to the risk composition and risk characteristics of the accidents during the construction of the housing construction project, combined with the actual situation on site. Through the analysis of accident cases, relevant norms and standards, and the analysis of domestic and foreign literatures, the risk factors affecting the construction safety level of housing construction projects are extracted. At the same time, the theory of PSR is introduced to broaden the research scope of engineering construction risk assessment, and the construction model suitable for the construction process evaluation model of housing construction project is proposed. Based on the causal relationship of various risk factors, a systematic and scientific safety evaluation index system is constructed.

Injury Risk Evaluation of Brain Concussion in American Football Based on Analysis of Accident Cases

Injury Risk Evaluation of Brain Concussion in American Football Based on Analysis of Accident Cases

Traumatic brain injury risk evaluation during Judo based on reconstruction analysis of accident cases

Traumatic brain injury risk evaluation during Judo based on reconstruction analysis of accident cases

Public spaces re-designed for trams in French cities: safety concerns

The redeployment of tram networks in French cities has considerably modified public spaces and the way citizens use them. Above and beyond the image that trams have of contributing to sustainable urban development, the question of safety for users in these spaces has not been studied much. Method: This study is based on an in-depth analysis of accident cases occurring in public spaces laid out for trams in French cities. Results: The results of this study show the influence of the configuration and organization of public spaces laid out for trams on user safety. The analysis of accident cases notably sheds light on the effects of the increased complexity of public spaces brought about by installing tram layouts, as well as the difficulties in perceiving the limits of spaces dedicated to trams. Conclusion: This study carried out on French cities provides a better understanding of the questions of urban integration and the safety of tram layouts.

Анализ аварийных случаев с участием пешеходов в г. Перми

Анализ аварийных случаев с участием пешеходов в г. Перми

Analysis of the Operational Risk Controls in the Electric Power Plant

Thermal power generation is a complex production system, and electric operation is an important work. The generating capacity of Zhangjiakou power plant is 2400 thousand kW, ranking the third in our country. Its technology and equipment and the process are representative. In order to ensure the safety of the electrical operation, on the basis of analysis of accident cases for more than ten years, using the method of system analysis, this article summarizes the risk factors and control measures of electrical operation. With strict implementation, the electrical accidents of our planet will decrease year by year.

Design as a contributor to chemical process accidents

The paper discusses the design errors in chemical process industry (CPI) by analyzing major equipment related accident cases from Failure Knowledge Database (FKD). The aim is to recognize the contribution of design to chemical process accidents and to evaluate the time of occurrence of the errors in a plant design project. The analysis of accident cases found out that the contribution of design to accidents is very significant: 79% of accident cases analyzed were contributed by design errors. The most critical design errors were poor layout (17%), insufficient consideration of chemical reactivity and incompatibility (16%) and incorrectly chosen process conditions (16%). The design errors were initiated at basic (32%), detailed (32%) and preliminary (22%) design phases of the project. Errors in fundamental aspects of chemical processes e.g. route selections are more severe (as compared to others errors class) and might creates many similar errors in later phases of design project. Based on the accident information gathered, a straightforward point-to-look list for error detection and elimination was suggested for process lifecycle stages.

Statistical analysis of dangerous goods accidents in Japan

Statistical analysis of accident cases concerning dangerous goods was carried out in order to clarify the causes of the accidents. The results of this investigation will be useful for preventing similar accidents in the future. The number of dangerous goods accidents in Japan has been increasing, and the number of dangerous goods accidents reached a record high in the year 2000. Although various cause analyses have been conducted since the increasing trend in the number of accidents first became clear, as of yet, no analysis has clarified definitively the cause for this increase. One reason for these failures is thought to be that the quality of the accumulated data is neither uniform nor reliable. In the present study, a previously constructed database of dangerous goods accident cases was rearranged to create a new database. The newly constructed database improved the accuracy of multivariate analysis and enabled statistical techniques, such as quantification theory, to be applied.