Analysis Method Research Articles

Privacy between Past and Present in Designing Jordanian Homes

This research aims to focus on the role that the interior designer plays in enhancing home efficiency directly and effectively that can be observed through the privacy of homes. The privacy of the interior design is completely affected, whereas the design of each home differs from the other according to the differences that follow individuals' behavior within Residential environments, or even the differences between the daily activities that they practice within their places of residence. The question in the research study is to mainly consider the role that privacy plays in interior design, influencing the composition and characteristics of Jordanian housing and how to design its internal environment between the past and present period, serving the requirements of the daily life of individuals and achieving their satisfaction with their homes. This research follows the deductive inductive and the comparative analytical method to write results. Results confirmed the importance and influence of privacy aspects in the interior design process, as it is a basic requirement that must be considered by the interior designer when carrying out the design process for any housing, where privacy is one of the important aspects and factors that effect on how people deal with their homes in which they live. The results also confirmed that the multiplicity of colors in the design of homes provides better privacy, and that the diverse furniture in the Jordanian homes ensures functional efficiency, which in turn ensures the achievement of privacy for individuals, and that appropriate lighting plays a major role in supporting the privacy of the home, and that the appropriate materials achieve privacy in components of the interior space of interiors, and finally, the well-thought-out spatial planning ensures the high privacy of individuals inside the home. Keywords: Privacy, Interior design, Jordanian housing

Analytical methods used in microplastics identification: A review

Huynh Phu 1 , Huynh Thi Ngoc Han 2* , Tran Ngoc Nu 3

Voltage stability index: a review based on analytical method, formulation and comparison in renewable dominated power system

In an interconnected complex power system network voltage stability evaluation is indispensable to guarantee secure power system operation. To further increase the system performance and to make the system safer assessment, the voltage stability improvement is obligatory. In the various literature different voltage security assessment method using the voltage stability index has been presented. Different lists proposed in literature can be utilized to realize the weak buses and weak transmission lines to enacting the countermeasures against issues of voltage insecurity. Additionally, the arrangement and measuring of inexhaustible assets, on the web and disconnected observing of force framework and the measure of load to be shed at whatever point essential. This paper shows a survey on the different voltage stability index from various perspectives. The audit results on various record gives a far and wide logical to perceive the impending works in this field and to choose the best index for variety of applications such as voltage security assessment, renewable energy integration, distributed generation (DG) placement and sizing, online monitoring of the power system, and shedding of load.

Determinants associated with carpal tunnel syndrome complaints

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common problems in the upper extremities caused by the narrowing of the carpal tunnel, which results in pressure on the median nerve. Increased pressure in the carpal tunnel causes compression and damage to the median nerve. Objective: determinants associated with carpal tunnel syndrome . Methods: quantitative research with a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique in which the entire population is equal to the number of samples, namely 36 people. Data obtained by using a questionnaire. The analytical method used was univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Result: showed that there was a relationship between length of work and carpal tunnel syndrome (p-value = 0.0190. There is a relationship between age and complaints of carpal tunnel syndrome (p-value = 0.032. There is no relationship between personal protective equipment and complaints of carpal tunnel syndrome (p-value = 0.759). There is no relationship between repetitive movements and carpal tunnel syndrome (p-value = 0.787. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a relationship between length of service and carpal tunnel syndrome complaints, there is a relationship between age and carpal tunnel syndrome complaints and there is no relationship between body mass index and carpal tunnel syndrome complaints . In this study, researchers suggest to companies to pay more attention to employees who have a long working period so as not to do excessive work and for employees to take advantage of adequate rest time to minimize the occurrence of complaints of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS).

Analytical formulation for the study of the effect of shear deformations on beam-columns and piles: Engesser and Haringx theories

This paper presents a novel analytical formulation to study the impact of shear deformations on beam-columns and piles by means of the Timoshenko-Engesser’s and Timoshenko-Haringx’s theories. The proposed solution enables the analysis of lateral deformation or buckling, while considering the effect of shear deformations. It offers the flexibility to i) incorporate different boundary conditions at the ends of the element (e.g., semi-rigid connections and lateral transverse springs) and ii) consider an inhomogeneous elastic foundation. When certain variables are disregarded, the proposed GDE can capture particular cases of GDEs found in the literature for beam-columns and piles. Examples are provided to demonstrate the simplicity and practicality of the proposed method, and its accuracy is validated against available analytical or numerical methods. The influence of the shear effects, as computed from Engesser’s and Haringx’s methods, on the lateral and buckling responses of beam-column and pile elements is discussed.

Rapid identification of silk products by attenuated total reflection–mid-infrared spectroscopy and extreme learning machines

Silk is a high-quality fiber of natural protein and its amino acid composition is close to that of the human skin. The texture of pure silk is elegant, soft and comfortable to wear, with good breathability and hygroscopicity, as well as excel dirt absorption and sterilization. It is essential to identify natural pure silk products and various non-silk and adulterated silk products with other fibers. The work focuses on exploring the feasibility of combining attenuated total reflection–mid-infrared (ATR-MIR) spectroscopy feature selection, extreme learning machines (ELM), and ensemble and for rapid identification of silk products. A dataset consisting of 70 silk samples and 83 other fiber samples was prepared. The dataset is split evenly into training and test sets for building and validating predictive models. Simulated annealing (SA) was used for pre feature selection. A total four kinds of ELM models including full-spectrum, subspace and ensemble models were developed and compared. The optimized local model and the ensemble model achieve the best and most stable performance, i.e., with 100% accuracy. It seems that SA, ELM combined with ATR-MIR technique may be a potential alternative to traditional analytical methods of silk identification, which can avoid time-consuming and labor-intensive chemical analysis.

Surface assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of lithium cationized lignans – A tool for rapid screening of plant extracts

Lignans are one of the most widespread classes of plant secondary metabolites possessing unique biological activities. The search for new sources of such compounds, their screening and identification in plant biomass is an urgent task, requiring the use of advanced analytical methods. In the present study, matrix-free surface assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry was proposed for its solution. The combination of carbon nanocoating sputtered on a target plate with lithium cationization allowed obtaining high-quality mass spectra of eight coniferous wood lignans with different bonds between aromatic units (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, 7-hydroxymatairesinol, nortrachelogenin, pinoresinol, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether, dehydrodihydrodiisoeugenol, and divanillin). Three types of fragmentation methods (post-source decay, high- and low-energy collision induced dissociation) for the first time were implemented on two types of MALDI instruments. Regardless of tandem mass spectrometry technique, lignans demonstrated the similar fragmentation patterns including the cleavage of bonds between aromatic units with the formation of mostly lithiated product ions. The low-energy collision induced dissociation in quadrupole ion trap provided the most informative tandem mass spectra and multi-stage fragmentation capabilities in structural studies. On this basis, an approach to rapid, high-throughput, and low-cost screening and tentative identification of lignans including isomeric compounds in plant biomass was developed and successfully tested on real samples of pine, fir, spruce, and larch knotwood extracts.

Environmentally safe chemometric evaluation and data analysis for the kinetic investigation of mirabegron stability

The physicochemical characteristics of different pharmaceuticals may change with transportation, storage, and usage which directly affect their efficacy, quality, and other features. It is crucial to investigate the kinetic action of pharmaceutical compounds to produce predictive data that aid in the computation of their shelf lives. Several conventional analytical methods introduce unwanted dangerous risks, like employing unsafe solvents, that harm both the analyst and the environment. This created the motive for analysts to apply green approaches that consider using safe chemicals and producing as little waste as possible. In this study, powerful green assessment methods were investigated to study the kinetic process of Mirabegron (MIR) in different hydrolytic conditions giving its main degradation product. First, the optimal solvent was identified for the given kinetic procedures with the aid of Principal Component Analysis. Then two advanced chemometric methods were applied to estimate the kinetic parameters of the MIR degradation process namely: Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares and Artificial Neural Networks. By data manipulation, both algorithms could provide an explanation of the MIR kinetic process in different hydrolytic conditions. Moreover, modified National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), eco-scale, Hexagon algorithm, Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI), and analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) were adopted to ensure the greenness of the proposed study. Eventually, the presented investigation could successfully present an eco-friendly chemometric approach for monitoring the different kinetic processes of pharmaceutical compounds with minimum effort and solvent consumption and maximum time saving and analyst safety compared to other traditional methods.

Analysis of the effect of mutual inductance on reducing output current ripple of the modified DC-DC Cuk converter

DC-DC converters exhibiting minimal input and output ripple are extensively employed across a diverse range of applications. This paper presents a proposed modification to the DC-DC Cuk converter. The converter is developed by modifying a conventional Cuk DC-DC converter to exhibit boost characteristics. The DC-DC converters possess the capability to function as versatile units that can be employed in a multitude of applications, ranging from DC-DC conversion to DC-AC conversion (inversion). This paper presents a novel DC-DC converter design that aims to achieve reduced ripple in both input and output currents. By employing the principle of mutual inductance, it is possible to further mitigate the presence of ripple current. The analysis of the impact of mutual inductance on the output voltage and ripple current of the proposed converter has been conducted. The validity of the derived analytical method has been confirmed through both simulated and experimental investigations. The utilization of mutual inductance in the proposed modified Cuk converter has been demonstrated to result in reduced current ripple.

Sampling technique to pool genetic materials of microorganism communities in blue-swimming crab processing plant industry

The crab and seafood processing industry must fulfill standard requirements for sanitation, hygiene, and good manufacturing methods to ensure the safety of the products and free from foodborne bacteria. However, equipment and processing unit surfaces are challenging to clean optimally, which can cause persistent bacteria to emerge. Eliminating persistent bacteria is the latest challenge in the fish processing industry for optimal disinfection, preventing cross-contamination, and controlling foodborne outbreaks. Microbiological testing in industry has been limited to selective culture-media techniques; thus, a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and routine applicable analytical method is urgently needed. The significant reduction in the costs of high-throughput sequencing technologies supports the possibility of routine applications in the industry. This study aimed to determine the profile of the microbial community on the surface of the production room and blue-swimming crab processing unit equipment using short-read metagenomic techniques. The analysis included the stages of sampling, bacterial incubation, bacterial DNA isolation, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The first important step to increase the possibility of routine adoption in the seafood industry is to reduce the cost, complexity, and time required to complete the analysis. Therefore, in this protocol, we generate a scalable, flexible, cost-effective, and auditable workflow.• Collection of bacterial samples by swabbing the surface of the equipment using a sterile cotton swab and sterile cloth, which is easy to apply and follow in the blue-swimming crab processing plant industry.• Effective and efficient sample-pooling is an important step in identifying bacterial communities by metagenomic analysis.

The thermodynamic properties of diatomic gases. A rigorous analytical approach

The paper reports a closed-form analytical representation of the thermodynamic functions of diatomic molecules in the ground electronic state. For this purpose, analytical formulas for vibrational and rotational partition functions are derived. A rigorous method is proposed for factorizing the vibrational and rotational contributions to the ro-vibrational partition function using an average vibrational quantum number. The behavior of thermodynamic functions as a function of temperature is discussed for carbon monoxide as a test system. The reliability of the analytical method is verified by comparison with experimental data and with the direct summation method, which uses theoretical values of energy levels.

Direct evidence of gas flushing oil in deep reservoirs: Insight from integrated fluid inclusion analyses

Gas flushing of oil has been proposed as an essential process for forming some condensate gas reservoirs based on laboratory experiments and modeling but such a process has rarely been documented in subsurface reservoirs. Here, we report a unique type of yellow-ringed oil inclusions (YROIs) discovered from a deep reservoir in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, Western China that recorded the gas flushing of oil process in the subsurface. The occurrence, composition, phase state and PVT conditions of YROIs during trapping were investigated using a suite of fluid inclusion analytical methods including fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, PVT modeling and molecular composition analysis.YROIs found in the reservoir are three-phase (solid–liquid-vapor) fluid inclusions at room temperature with solid rings of 2–3 μm thickness and estimated volume percentages varying between 5 % and 15 %. When heated the solid ring starts to melt at around 46 °C and homogenized with the liquid phase at or above their corresponding homogenization temperatures of coeval aqueous inclusions. YROIs have fluorescence spectral peaks between 530 nm and 550 nm and an elevated spectral shoulder around 650 nm when measured at room temperature; but most spectra show a distinct “blue shift” and an absence of the 650 nm shoulder when measured at their homogenization temperatures. Some YROIs with thick yellow rings show dual spectral peaks at 570 nm and 630 nm at room temperature and their spectral peaks do not change when remeasured at their homogenization temperatures. Molecular compositions derived from synchronous fluorescence spectra and GC-MS analysis suggest that the compositions of YROIs are rich in polyaromatic compounds. PVT modeling indicates that YROIs were trapped under high pressure conditions with a pressure exceeding 50 % of the corresponding hydrostatic pressure.YROIs are interpreted to have been trapped under an elevated temperature and overpressure condition (around 110 °C and 60 MPa) relating to an intensive (wet) gas flushing of an early-charged wax-rich oil. When light hydrocarbon components in the reservoir oil were partially removed by gas, the wax/resin components rich in polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds may precipitate due to physio-chemical fractionation. YROIs were entrapped in subsurface from a heterogeneous hydrocarbon fluid containing variable amounts of wax/resin colloids, which subsequently coalesce to form solid rings adhering to the inner wall of oil inclusions at room temperature. The presence of yellow-ringed oil inclusions in a reservoir may be indicative of a rapid gas flushing of waxy oil under high pressure, and their minimum homogenization temperature may approximate their trapping temperature.

An Approximate Analytical Solution of Obesity Epidemic Model by Homotopy Analysis Method

An Approximate Analytical Solution of Obesity Epidemic Model by Homotopy Analysis Method

Enhanced clustering-based differential expression analysis method for RNA-seq data

RNA-seq is a tool for measuring gene expression and is commonly used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene clustering has been widely used to classify DEGs with similar expression patterns, but rarely used to identify DEGs themselves. We recently reported that the clustering-based method (called MBCdeg1 and 2) for identifying DEGs has great potential. However, these methods left room for improvement. This study reports on the improvement (named MBCdeg3). We compared a total of six competing methods: three conventional R packages (edgeR, DESeq2, and TCC) and three versions of MBCdeg (i.e., MBCdeg1, 2, and 3) corresponding to three different normalization algorithms. As MBCdeg3 performs well in many simulation scenarios of RNA-seq count data, MBCdeg3 replaces MBCdeg1 and 2 in our previous report.● MBCdeg3 is a method for both identification and classification of DEGs from RNA-seq count data.● MBCdeg3 is available as a function of R, which is common in the field of expression analysis.● MBCdeg3 performs well in a variety of simulation scenarios for RNA-seq count data.

Analytical Method Development and Optimization on High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Related Substances Test of Gliclazide Drug as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), presents a significant global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in therapeutic strategies. Gliclazide, an oral selective inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), has emerged as a promising agent for managing T2DM by facilitating urinary glucose excretion and reducing plasma glucose levels. However, ensuring the quality and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations remains crucial for regulatory approval and clinical effectiveness. In this study, we present the development of an improved stability-indicating Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the precise quantification of Gliclazide. The novel analytical method employs 0.1% Potassium Phosphate in water 0.1% Potassium Phosphate in methanol (MeOH) as the mobile phase, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and reduced reliance on organic chemicals. Through rigorous validation following International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, the developed method exhibited superior performance in terms of retention times compared to existing methodologies. The proposed analytical approach holds promise for routine analysis of Gliclazide in both bulk and tablet formulations, offering a valuable tool for pharmaceutical quality control and clinical research in the management of T2DM.

Determinant factors associated with central obesity in the academic staff at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Central obesity is one of the causes of metabolic syndrome and other degenerative diseases. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age, gender, physical activity, genetics, stress, and diet with the incidence of central obesity in academic staff at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The research method used was an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional study design with the number of research subjects 248 samples consisting of employees or education personnel at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that physical activity, genetics, stress, and calorie requirement had a significant relationship with central obesity, while age and gender did not. The calorie requirement variable had a p-value of 0.000 and an odds ratio of 10.75. The physical activity variable had a p-value of 0.009 with an odds ratio of 0.59. The stress variable has a p-value of 0.015 with an odds ratio of 2.09. The results of the data analysis test obtained an R-square value of 0.359. This indicates that the independent variable can explain or influence the dependent variable by 35.9%. The remaining 64.1% is explained by other variables not included in this study.

Analytical method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of montelukast and Acebrophylline by RP- HPLC method

High performance liquid chromatography is at present one of the most sophisticated tool of the analysis. The estimation of Montelukast and Acebrophylline was done by RP-HPLC. The Phosphate buffer was pH 3.0 and the mobile phase was optimized with consists of Methanol: Phosphate buffer mixed in the ratio of 70:30 % v/ v. Inertsil C18 column C18 (4.6 x 150mm, 5mm) or equivalent chemically bonded to porous silica particles was used as stationary phase. The detection was carried out using UV detector at 260 nm. The solutions were chromatographed at a constant flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. the linearity range of Montelukast and Acebrophylline were found to be from 100-500 mg/ml of Montelukast and 1-5mg/ml of Acebrophylline . Linear regression coefficient was not more than 0.999.The values of % RSD are less than 2% indicating accuracy and precision of the method. The percentage recovery varies from 98-102% of Montelukast and acebrophylline. LOD and LOQ were found to be within limit. The results obtained on the validation parameters met ICH and USP requirements .it inferred the method found to be simple, accurate, precise and linear. The method was found to be having suitable application in routine laboratory analysis with high degree of accuracy and precision.

Assessment of biogas production potentials of palm oil mill effluent and cow dung substrates in anaerobic digester

The biogas production potentials of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and cow manure (CM) substrates were evaluated using anaerobic digester. The first two digesters (D1 and D2) were charged with POME and CM for mono-digestion respectively. However, co-substrates digestion was done in digesters D3 (60/40 % POME-CM), D4 (70/30 % POME-CM), and D5 (80/20 % POME-CM) and all the digestion lasted for 21 days. The biogas yield of the digesters and performance of the digestions were measured by the analysis of moisture content, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), volatile solid (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic carbon (TOC) using standard analytical methods. The results showed that D4 (70/30 % POME-CM) has the highest biogas yield (1875±0.11 mL) while D2 (100 % CM) gave the lowest biogas yield (443±0.15 mL). The BOD of D3, D4 and D5 were not detected. The concentrations of COD, TS, TSS and TOC showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in D1, D3, D4 and D5 compared to D2. While D2, D3, D4 and D5 showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in moisture content compared to D1. However, D1, D3, D4 and D5 showed increasing level of alkalinity compared to acidic level of D2. Therefore, this study suggests that co-substrates anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent and CM are suitable for biogas production.

Biodegradation of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid by Comamonas testosteroni strains.

Phthalic acid isomers are the monomers of phthalate molecules, also known as phthalic acid esters, widely employed in the plastics industry. This study aims to investigate the biodegradation of phthalic acid (PA) and terephthalic acid (TPA) by five industry-borne Comamonas testosteroni strains: 3APTOL, 3ABBK, 2B, 3A1, and C8. To assess the ability of C. testosteroni strains to biodegrade phthalic acid isomers in fermentation media, an analytical method was employed, consisting of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Subsequently, molecular screening of the genomic and plasmid DNA was conducted to identify the degradative genes responsible for the breakdown of these chemicals. The genes of interest, including ophA2, tphA2, tphA3, pmdA, and pmdB, were screened by real-time PCR. The five C. testosteroni strains effectively degraded 100% of 100mg/L PA (p = 0.033) and TPA (p = 0.0114). Molecular analyses indicated that all C. testosteroni strains contained the pertinent genes at different levels within their genomes and plasmids, as reflected in the threshold cycle (Ct) values. Additionally, DNA temperature of melting (Tm) analyses uncovered minor differences between groups of genes in genomic and plasmid DNA. C. testosteroni strains could be excellent candidates for the removal of phthalic acid isomers from environmental systems.

Comparing Numerical and Analytical Methods for Heat Loss Determination of District Heating Systems

Energy efficiency assessment considers the heat losses in district heating systems. For instance, life cycle assessments of such engineering structures require knowledge of the heat losses during their use phase. Therefore, it is essential to have the most accurate knowledge of the heat losses of a district heating system. In this study, three different methods for the determination of specific heat losses for buried preinsulated steel pipes are compared. The first method involves an analytical calculation in accordance with EN 13941, while the second utilizes an equivalent circuit approach. The third method employs finite element analysis. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the methods, the achievable range of results, and the effort required to solve the respective calculation algorithms. Therefore, typical 2-dimensional cross sections including different pipe diameters were selected. In situ measurements were not part of this study. Consequently, the analysis centres on the deviation between the methods. All three methods determine the heat loss in both the supply and return pipes. While the analytical calculation method cannot determine temperatures in the soil, the equivalent circuit method can handle more complex tasks and gives detailed results at predefined points in the model. With the finite element method, a high degree of detail can be achieved, but the requirements for solving the algorithms increase. An emerging trend in district heating involves reducing operational temperatures in both new and existing networks. This will change the relation between heat losses and heat delivered to the customers. Subsequently, an increasing interest in the actual heat losses and the precision of calculation is expected within this development. Therefore, it remains essential to evaluate the performance of different models